• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.277-281
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• 2012

Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 isolated from the field of Chili pepper was tested for biocontrol activity against anthracnose pathogen of Chili pepper caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. The antifungal activity of Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 culture broth was compared with synthetic fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%). Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 showed a similar fungicidal activity against the anthracnose pathogen at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}L/mL$ in comparison to the fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%) using a cup method. Bacillus sp. NAAS-1 also exhibited its potent fungicidal activity against the anthracnose in vivo test at the concentration of 50 ${\mu}L/mL$ when compared to the fungicide containing carbendazim (40%) and kasugamycin (3.45%).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2007

Methanol extract obtained from aerial parts of Vitis vinifero L. was successively fractionated with n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water. From ethylacetate fraction, an active compound was isolated through silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, and was identified as Lup-20(29)-ene-3,28-diol on the basis of EI-MS data. The compound, at 100 mg $mL^{-1}$, inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora capsici and Colletotrichum acutatum by 52.1 % and 40.8%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2005

Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by the gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax toxin is a tripartite toxin comprising of protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF). PA is the receptor-binding component, which facilitates the entry of LF or EF onto the cytosol. LF is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease, which is a critical virulence factor in cytotoxicity of infected animals. Therefore, it is of interest to develop its potent inhibitors for the neutralization of anthrax toxin. The first step to identify the inhibitors is the development of a rapid, sensitive, and simple assay method with a high-throughput ability. Much efforts have been concentrated on the preparation of powerful assays and on the screening of inhibitors using these system. In the present study, we have tried to construct anthrax lethal factor in yeast expression system to prepare cell-based high-throughput assay system. Here, we have shown the results covering the construction of a new vector system, subcloning of LF gene, and the expression of target gene. Our results are first trial to express LF gene in eukaryote and provide the basic steps in design of cell-based assay system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2011

Bacillus anthracis(Ba) is a Gram-positive spore-forming bacterium that causes the disease anthrax. The feature of Ba is the presence of two large virulence plasmids, pXO1 and pXO2. Molecular genotyping of Ba has been difficult to the lack of polymorphic DNA marker. Ba isolated from Korea has been genotyped using various nucleotide analysis methods, such as 16s rDNA sequencing and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (MLVA) analysis. We identified genotypes that represent a genetic lineage in the B1 cluster. This study emphasized the need to perform molecular genotyping when attempting to verify a strain-specific Ba.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2004

The etiological agent is Bacillus anthracis, a gram-positive rod-shaped bacterium able to form spores. In order to elucidate the mechanism of infecttion on human macrophage cells, we performed two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF analysis using the infected human macrophage cells with the spores of B. anthracis Sterne of inactivated B. anthracis Sterne. We identified 9 proteins which related to the infection of Bacillus anthracis spores on human macrophage cells at the early stage events. Maybe nine proteins will be bio-markers and vaccine candidates to the Bacillus anthracis spore infection.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.178-186
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• 2007

42 compounds such as ester, sulfonyl ester, phosphoyl ester and ether derivatives of 4-isopropylphenol (I) and 2-isopropylphenol (II) were synthesized. These derivatives were identified by IR, GC/MS and $^{1}H-NMR$ spectra. Their in vitro antifungal activities were tested against 10 plant pathogenic fungi. Among them, several compounds showed potent in vitro antifungal activity. The selected compounds showing potent in vitro antifungal activity were tested for their in vivo antifungal acitvities against 5 plant diseases such as rice blast, rice sheath blast, cucumber anthracnose, cucumber gray mold and tomato late blight. As a result, 2-isopropylphenyl piperonyloate (II-7a) showed a potent in vivo antifungal activity against cucumber anthracnose and tomato late blight, 4-isopropylphenyl 4-methoxybenzenesulfonate (I-6b) effectively inhibited the development of rice blast.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.1 s.80
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• pp.30-34
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• 1997

Glomerella cingulata (conidial state: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) was identified as the causal organism of anthracnose of citrus on the basis of morphological characteristics of the conidial state of the fungus isolated from infected leaves of Satsuma mandarin and its ascigerous state isolated from diseased twigs. The pathogen infected the leaves of Satsuma mandarin, citron and Natsu daidai only by wound inoculation. The optimum temperature range for mycelial growth and sporulation of conidia of the strain was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The characteristics of anthracnose strain of Satsuma mandarin such as growth rate and color of colony, shape and size of conidia, and appressoria were similar to those of FGG strain. However, the strain isolated from infected leaves and twigs of Satsuma mandarin was different from FGG strain to cause postharvest anthracnose of citrus, because some of morphological and pathological characteristics of the strain isolated did not correspond to those of FGG strain.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.2 s.73
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• pp.114-120
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• 1995

Colletotrichum dematium, C. gloeosporioides and Glomerella cingulata were detected in seed samples collected from diseased red pepper (Capsicum annuum) using blotter method. C. gloeosporioides was the predominant species in seed samples tested and followed by C. dematium and G. cingulata. When the seed components were plated C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata were detected from seed coat, endosperm and cotyledon. The three anthracnose fungi were recorded more frequently from seed coat than that of observed in the endosperm and cotyledon. Seed infection with C. dematium, C. gloeosporioides and G. cingulata caused seed rotting, damping off and seedling blight of red pepper plants. According to the inoculation experiments, it was shown that C. gloeosporioides was the most virulent among three species. C. dematium showed weak virulence when the plants were wounded, and G. cingulata was wound parasite or weakly virulent on red fruits. Benlate T (benomyl+thiram) and Homai (thiophnate-methyl+thiram) were effective to anthracnose fungi when treated to infected seeds.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2006

We isolated a bacterium which produces antifungal substances from the Lake of Saimaa soils in Fin-land. The isolated strain was identified as Bacillus sp. and shown a strong antifungal activity on plant pathogenic fungi. Bacillus sp. KMU-1011 produced maximum level of antifungal substances under incubation aerobically at $24^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours in nutrient broth containing 1.0% glucose and 1.0% polypeptone at 180 rpm and initiated pH adjusted to 6.0. Precipitate of culture broth by $30{\sim}60%$ ammonium sulfate precipitation exhibited strong antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea KACC 40573 by dry cell weight. Chloroform extract of cultured broth also shown fungal growth inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides KACC 40804, D. bryoniae KACC 40669, F. oxysporum KACC 40037, F. oxysporum KACC 40052, F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici KACC 40537, F. oxysporum KACC 40902, M. cannonballus KACC 40940, P. cambivora KACC 40160, R. solani AG-1 KACC 40101, R. solani AG-4 KACC 40142, and S. scleotiorum KACC by agar diffusion method.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2017

Antimicrobial activity of 6 phosphate compounds as $H_3PO_3$, $H_3PO_4$, $K_3PO_4$, $K_2HPO_4$, $KH_2PO_4$ and $NH_4H_2PO_4$ against Phytophthora capsici JHAW 1-2 and Colletotrichum acutatum JC24 was investigated in this study. Inhibitory effect on zoospore release, zoosporangia germination and zoospore germination was superior than mycelial growth. Among 6 compounds, $H_3PO_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ showed the best antimicrobial activity against P. capsici JHAW 1-2. Diseases controlling activity of the phosphate compounds tested on seedling and fruit of pepper against Phytophthora blight was also better than those against anthracnose. When $H_3PO_3$ was applied to the pepper seedlings at a concentration of $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$, severe phytotoxicity was occurred. However, with applying $10{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $H_3PO_3$ showed 100% the disease control efficacy. In case of $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ $H_3PO_4$ application showed excellent antimicrobial activity against P. capsici JHAW 1-2, and 56.7% of the disease control efficacy with no phytotoxicity. To investigate the control efficacy against anthracnose, conidia suspension was inoculated with non-wound and wound inoculation method on pepper fruit. Among 6 compounds, only $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$ of $H_3PO_3$ and $H_3PO_4$ had a activity of more than 70%, but the control activity on other treatments was minimal or unacceptable.