• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.934-937
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• 2007

As skyscraper projects are emerging as a new trend in the market place, successful cost management is becoming critical issues because of their characteristics in terms of size and complexity. In addition, the lack of experience in cost management of skyscraper projects and the under-development of cost management profession pose great challenges to domestic cost managers. This paper examines major cost management issues and challenges through two major on-going skyscraper projects and discusses implications in the field of cost management.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.195-201
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• 2008

LCD Enterprises introduce quality management strategy to survive in rapid change of production situation. Especially in LCD industry, competitiveness is more needed ever before in the decrease of investment resulted from frequent business fluctuations and in the appearance of the third competitor. In order to overcome this situation, the quality cost system should be implemented as it is suited to a company, but few companys introduce and apply the quality cost system in LCD industry. Thus, Critical factors for outstanding LCD company to apply successfully quality cost system are studied in this paper. The level of importance of the factors is measured be weighted value analysis and a way to maximize the effect of applying quality cost system in LCD industry is proposed by the order of importance.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.201-211
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• 2003

Considering about construction projects characteristics, there Is an existing uncertainty which causes inaccuracy or invalidity under decision making situation. Therefore, cost risk analysis of numerous construction projects are Inclined to depend on expert's experiences and subjective judgements. In Korean domestic construction works, however, there is no reasonable method or process for applying subjective elements. Only probabilistic analysis using objective calculation are being used now. This research suggests a cost risk analysis method to analyze quantitatively Cost Impact by risk, and it appraises expert's subjective elements for the purpose of enhancing validity of cost estimation. Moreover, a new cost risk analysis method is introduced for providing convenient user interface in practical business.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.43
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• pp.377-404
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• 2016

In this paper, I intend to focus on the 1991 racial tension and violence portrayed in Anna Devear Smith's book Fires in the Mirror, which was published in book form in 1993. I make use of a series of interviews with many of those involved in the conflicts, which were based on the Jewish Holocaust and the history of African American enslavement. In Crown Heights, the black community and the Jewish community have each suffered terrible losses, but individuals and communities become rhetorically attached to foundational historical traumas that lie at the center of each group's cultural identity rather than try to understand each other's pain. Smith lets this rhetoric dominate Fires in the Mirror by putting contradictory monologues side by side in order to show how discourses on 'slavery' and 'the Holocaust' still have control over specific ethnic communities. My intention is not to delve into the conflict between the Jewish and black communities exclusively. Rather, I attempt to form an understanding of the problems of the critical/theoretical tenets proposed by 'the rhetoric of holocaust,' including the Jewish Holocaust and the black experience of enslavement. Such an understanding will help us see the failure in the theories, illuminating the ways that such rhetoric should have recognized its own violence and helped to forge a new relationship between racism and anti-Semitism. Fires in the Mirror mirrors back to us the ways that 'the Holocaust' betrays the possibility of error to indicate its own susceptibility to blindness. The cracks brought forth by conflicting narratives enable readers to observe wounds being healed and the possibility of new narrative looming up.

• JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL WORLD
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• s.298
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• pp.52-58
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• 2001

전력 규제완화, 지구환경문제 등의 사회환경 변화와 IT화를 비롯한 기술혁신으로 전력시스템을 둘러싼 환경이 크게 변화하고 있다. 이러한 동향을 두 개의 축으로 구분하여 분석해 보고자 한다. 하나의 축은 사회제도의 변화축이고 또 하나의 축은 전력의 공급측과 수용가측으로의 분류이다. 이 두 개의 축으로 나눌 수 있는 4개의 분야별로 새로운 비즈니스 동향과 그에 맞는 기술개발의 방향을 소개한다. 전력거래를 위한 시스템 개발, 수용가토털서비스의 인프라 만들기, ESCO 등의 에너지절약 비즈니스. 기설기기의 라이프사이클을 통한 코스트다운 등이 각 분야에 대응한 니즈라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 가운데 전력시스템을 구성하는 네트워크 중 노드에 해당하는 변전소의 역할에 대한 변혁이 요구되고 있으며, 사회적 니즈인 라이프사이클을 통한 코스트다운을 지향한 변전소의 설계를 실시하기로 하였다. 기기의 코스트는 주어진 기능수에 대하여 비선형 특성을 갖고 있다. 그 때문에 기능 삭감에 의한 코스트다운은 참뜻의 코스트저감으로 이어지는 것은 아니다. 필요한 기능만을 쌓아올리는 설계가 필요하다. 이제까지, 하드웨어만으로 구성되어 있던 변전소에 소프트웨어를 도입하여 시스템으로서의 인텔리전스를 부가하도록 요망되고 있다. 어디까지 소프트웨어를 늘릴 수 있는지 그 최적화도 검토하고 있다. 변전소의 인텔리전트화의 니즈를 살펴보았다.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.56-63
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• 2001

산업은 흔히 생명체처럼 일종의 라이프사이클을 따르는 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 이들은 태어나서, 젊고 활력 넘치는 성장기를 거쳐, 투자기, 발전기의 과정으로 나아가며 일정한 지점에 이르게 되면 성숙과 힘을 성취한다 이 지점에 서 기술개발속도는 떨어지며, 발전 중이거나 새로이 산업화한 경제 속에서 다음 세대가 탄생한다. 이 새로운 세대가 낮은 코스트를 기반으로 힘을 성취해가게 됨에 따라, 초창기의 생산 기반에 자리잡은 구세대의 활력과 경쟁력은 점차 약화된다. 그리하면 구세대는 결실을 맺고 지루한 종반전(end-game)인 쇠 퇴기에 접어든다. 이러한 탄생, 쇠퇴 그리고 훨씬 낮은 코스트를 기반으로 하는 경제로의 이 전이라는 라이프사이클은 일부 중공업에서는 쉽게 관찰되지만. 그밖의 다른 산업분야에서는 명확하지 않다. 조선업의 경우는 어떠한가. 선진 조선국의 조선 업이 성숙기에서 그 경쟁력 유지가 가능할 것인가, 아니면 이들 산업이 일련 의 보다 낮은 코스트 지대로 옮겨가는 것이 필연적인가. 이 글에서 필자들은 전술한 라이프사이클이라는 분석틀을 사용하여 이 같은 물음과 관련된 몇 가지 문제를 살펴보고자 한다

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 2008

Cost of construction project have to be estimated based on drawing before execution. Cost estimate and check would be performed numerously for preparing general outline of requirements and determining the budget at conceptual planning stage, for obtaining decision on every matter related to design, specification, construction and cost at design stage, and for predicting bidding cost. Thus, importance of cost estimation cannot emphasize too much in construction. However, there are lack of standard estimation method, process, and cost analysis method, that square foot estimation method is as used as eyer, in Korea. Thus, This research present the direction for improving cost estimation and management in construction; It is demanded that establishing standard data base methodology, multi-level database model CUBE, and standard cost planning process, choosing cost estimation methodology according to objectives and cost planning process, and making more experts.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.4 no.4 s.16
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• pp.212-219
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• 2003

In construction project planning and control, a cost model performs a critical role such as cost determination on a contract stage and cost tracing. The model can maximize owner's profit and value within the project budget and optimize cost management works on overall construction implementation stages. A BoQ(Bill of Quantities) generally adopted in a unit price contract has been applied as an important tool for cost control and forecast. However a previous cost model based on the BoQ has shown limitations in that it requires too detailed information and heavy manpower on cost management and difficulty in keeping relationship with construction planning, scheduling and progress management. The each cost items and unit prices which constitute of construction works are individually very important management factors but the relative weight for each items and prices have a difference on the contents and conditions of each conditions of each construction works. In consideration of this structural mechanism of cost determination, this research is aimed at examining the critical factors affecting the construction cost determination and propose and verify a new cost forecasting model which is more simple and efficient and also keeps the accuracy of cost management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2593-2600
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• 2010

A growth of mobile and wireless networking technologies have enabled mobile ad hoc networks applicable to a wide range of areas. This paper analyzes dynamics of network transport performance with respect to dynamics of network states especially for the mobile ad hoc networks called MANET. The edge cost based modeling methodology is adopted for the analysis, which can express well the characteristics of MANET. In this methodology the network state at arbitrary time can be specified as one of four edge states. We extracts ten target network scenarios for the simulation analysis by employing not only the Real Edge/Infinity Edge concept but also interworking functionality between different transport protocols. Then we could acquire from simulation of them with the DEVSim++ engine that the more sorts of transport protocols and the more number of interworking nodes are included in the network, the more contribution is for improving network transport performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.98-114
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• 2017

This study analyzed the commemorative landscapes of eight Holocaust concentration camp memorials(HCCM) of Germany and Poland from a landscape architecture point of view including historical landscape, places and remains, and monuments. A site survey was conducted at Dahau concentration camp memorial(CCM) and Bergen-Belsen CCM of Germany in September of 2015 and the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp memorial(ECM), Majdanek ECM, Belzec ECM, Sobibor ECM, Treblinka ECM, Chelmno ECM of Poland in April of 2016. The results are as follows. First, the landscape of the concentration camp at Dahau CCM, Auschwitz ECM, and Majdanek ECM liberated by the Allied Forces was well conserved with the maintenance of camp facilities and the spatial structure of camps while monuments and memorials seized by sociopolitical argument were built with restriction. But Belzec ECM, Sobibor ECM, Treblinka ECM, and Chelmno ECM devastated and planted artificially to forest were overwhelmingly surrounded with natural landscape, and also, excavated relics and remains were preserved and the monuments were built at the place of memory. Second, gas chambers, crematoriums, guard posts, electric wire fences, railroads and ramps, barracks, and drainage ditches were considered to be typical facilities present in the camp structure and the gas chambers, crematoriums, human ashes, and mass graves demonstrated the horrible history of these camps and the railroad and ramp where Jewish prisoners arrived also had the strong sense of place. These remains were regarded as symbolic elements to create a memory of the tragedy and place. Third, commemoration of victims was applied as the basic concept and recalling the memory of the Holocaust was also considered very important content. Religious reconciliation and peace was represented at Dahau CCM and the Jewish identity was strongly expressed at Treblinka ECM and Belzec ECM representing the Jewish community and Judaism. Fourth, the monuments with semi-abstract styles and abstract sculptures represented the Holocaust symbolically and narratively and came into the conflict caused by the abstractness to the memorial landscape at Auschwitz-Birkenau ECM and Bergen-Belsen CCM. Fifth, remains for recalling the memory of tragedy and place and symbolic monuments to stand for public memory were juxtaposed at the same place and preserving on the authenticity of camp site had been conflicted with monumentalizing intentionally. Further study will required a concrete investigation of the monuments in the HCCM and an attempt to comparatively study the commemoration characteristics of memorials in Korea.