• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.555-570
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• 2011

In order to do morally right behavior that we cognitively know, prosocial moral motivation is necessary. Previous studies revealed emotion is important for prosocial moral motivation. This was supported by cognitive neuroscience studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) in which the activity of ventral striatum(VS) was observed when people made moral decision. VS was originally known as the core area of reward process but recently VS was found to respond also to social reward and even feeling of prosocial emotion itself. However it is not clear why VS was activated when people experience prosocial moral sentiments. The aims of this review article were to find situations in which people are prosocially and morally motivated and to understand more about the role of emotion as a moral motivator by examining evidence regarding the neural network, including VS, of prosocial moral motivation and moral decision-making.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 1993

감정이입은 친사회적 행동의 잠재적 동기요인으로서 발달심리학자들 (e.g., Feshbach, 1978 ; Hoffman, 1975)로부터 지대한 관심을 받아왔다. 어려움에 처한 다른 사람에 대해 감정이입적으로 자극된 사람은 상호 체험하는 심적 고통(distress)으로부터 벗어난다는 기대에 의해서, 또는 지원적 행위 후에 대리체험할 수 있는 긍정적인 감정에 대한 기대에 의해서, 그 사람을 지원하도록 동기유발 되어질 수 있다(Barnett & Thompson, 1985; Hoffman, 1975). 감정이입과 친사회적 행동 사이의 긍정적 관계에 대한 충분한 이론적 근거에도 불구하고, 그 관련성을 실증하는데 실패한 많은 연구들에서 나타난 개념적, 방법론적 문제들이 본 논문에서 분석되었다. 성인의 감정이입과 친사회적 행동과의 관계에 대한 연구들은 상당히 일관된 긍정적 결과를 제시해온 반면, 아동들, 특히 어린 유아들을 대상으로 한 경우, 명백하거나 쉽게 해석할 수 있는 패턴의 관련성이 확립되지 못했다. 이러한 종전 연구에서의 문제점은 감정이입에 대한 개념적 논쟁 및 측정방법의 어려움에 기인할 수 있다. 감정이입과 친사회적 행동 사이의 실험적인 관련성의 강도는 이 변인들을 측정하기 위해 사용된 방법들의 특성과 제한성에 다분히 의존하는 것으로 보인다. 친사회적 반응에 영향을 미치는 것으로 가정되어지는 다양한 상황적, 동기적 요소들을 감안하여, 유아의 감정이입 능력이 구체적인 사회적 상황에서 작용되는 과정이 보다 면밀하게 연구되어져야 한다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.13-25
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• 2015

It seems crucial for entrepreneurship researchers to study how individual creativity is influenced by a number of entrepreneurship related traits. This is because individuals aiming to become entrepreneurs by launching their own start-ups need to enhance their creativity level to compete successfully in the target market. In the field of entrepreneurship studies, however, there is no literature about exploring the relationship between individual creativity, and entrepreneurship related constructs such as intrinsic motivation, parasocial interaction, prosocial motivation, and perspective taking. In this sense, our proposed research model focuses on filling the research void like this. To verify the proposed research model. we collected valid data from college students. To add rigor to our study, we allowed participants to view a talk show content where a successful entrepreneur was telling his story. Empirical test results were robust statistically enough to prove the validity of our proposed research model.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.73-90
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• 2021

Previous studies have demonstrated that childhood memories can impact self-concepts. However, scant research has been conducted to determine whether and how the activation of childhood memories relates to the motivation of prosocial behaviors. Thus, this study investigated whether childhood memories facilitated prosocial behaviors through implicitly activating moral purity and how differently an abstract (vs. a concrete) construal level of autobiographical memories evoke prosocial intentions. According to the results of Study 1, the participants in the experimental condition of childhood memories were more motivated to perform prosocial behaviors than those in the controlled condition of recalling recent mundane activities. In the experimental condition, moral purity was activated more strongly than in the control condition. Study 2 demonstrated that participants in the "concrete" condition of childhood memories tended to the lower levels of prosocial motivation than those in the "abstract" condition wherein they were counting and describing good deeds from their childhood in detail. These results indicate that different construal levels (abstract vs. concrete) can mediate the relationship between childhood memories and prosocial behaviors. This study contributes to extending previous research regarding the determinants of motivating prosocial behaviors in cognitive processes.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to identify the unique entrepreneurial behavioral attributes of social enterprises that are distinct from for-profit enterprises at the organizational level, derive a social entrepreneurship model that reflects the unique characteristics of social enterprises as strategic decision-making and organizational behavioral tendencies. In order to effectively achieve the purpose of this study, previous studies were reviewed, and qualitative studies were conducted using the grounded theory method based on this. In this study, social entrepreneurship was identified as five sub-factors through a series of analysis processes, and 'Social value orientation; Innovativeness; Pro-activeness; Risk taking; Cooperation orientation' was newly proposed. It also proposed a new social entrepreneurship framework that integrates and explains the multidimensional model of social entrepreneurship by reviewing and connecting the relationships between each sub-factor of the research model. The 'social entrepreneurship framework' classified the social entrepreneurship model into 'pro-social motivation', 'pro-social behavior', and 'entrepreneurial behavior' attributes and explained them by linking them with each sub-factor that constitutes social entrepreneurship. The most remarkable difference between this study and previous studies is that it identified and added 'Cooperation orientation' as a sub-factor constituting social entrepreneurship from the organizational-level behavioral point of view. Through this study, 'Cooperation orientation' was identified as a major behavioral tendency for social enterprises to materialize pro-social motivation, strengthen the economic foundation of business activities, and improve the efficiency of business operations. 'Cooperation orientation' is a major behavioral tendency that strengthens the legitimacy of business activities between pro-social motivation and profit-seeking of social enterprises, improves the performance of social value creation activities, and overcomes the difficulties of resource constraints through cooperation with the outside and improves operational efficiency. In addition, it was confirmed that 'Cooperation orientation' is a major behavioral tendency of social enterprises that is manifested simultaneously in social value-oriented activities and entrepreneurial activities pursuing profit. The 'Cooperation orientation' newly identified in the study supplements the previous research, increases the explanatory power of the theory of social entrepreneurship, and provides the basis for theoretical expansion to subsequent researchers.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.43-60
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• 2023

Although the importance of starting a business is being emphasized, it is not easy for a start-up to survive. Therefore, it is necessary to come up with a plan to strengthen startup satisfaction and improve the survival rate of startup companies. In this study, we examined the impact of start-up motivation, start-up capabilities, and start-up passion of start-up companies on start-up satisfaction, as well as the moderating effect according to the founding type of general start-up companies and startups. Entrepreneurship motivation was divided into self-actualization motivation and pro-social motivation. Entrepreneurship capabilities were divided into marketing capabilities and experience capabilities. Entrepreneurship passion was divided into harmonious passion and obsessive passion. Empirical analysis was conducted by receiving surveys from 361 managers of general and startup companies within 7 years of founding their businesses online and offline. As a result, self-actualization motivation, pro-social motivation, marketing competency, experiential competency, and harmonious passion had a significant positive (+) effect on startup satisfaction. However, obsessive passion did not have a significant effect. In addition, the magnitude of influence on startup satisfaction appeared in the following order: harmonious passion, marketing competency, self-actualization motivation, pro-social motivation, and experiential competency. The moderating effect according to the type of founding of general start-ups and startups was found in pro-social motivation, experience competency, and passion for harmony. However, there was no significant moderating effect between self-actualization motivation, marketing competency, obsessive passion, and entrepreneurship satisfaction. This study presented academic implications that harmonious passion and marketing capabilities are important factors in improving startup satisfaction. In addition, practical and policy implications were presented, including the need for programs to support the psychological stability of startup business owners, strengthening startup capabilities through experts, and strengthening startup education programs that can foster self-actualization motivation and pro-social motivation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.107-114
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• 2015

In today's society, the experience of social exclusion caused by being rejected or ignored, leads to negative social consequences, such as aggressive behavior, self-defeating thoughts, and diminished intelligence. This study is performed to examine 1) how two types of social exclusion, rejection and ignorance, affect conspicuous consumption and prosocial behavior and 2) how embodied cognition formed with a firmed muscle moderates their causal relationships. For this purpose, half of the participants in ignorance and rejection conditions were asked to grip their hands to form a firmed muscle (firmed muscle group) while the other half (control group) were not. After the manipulation of embodied cognition, their conspicuous consumption and intention of prosocial behavior were measured. Results show that, in ignorance condition, the firmed muscle group exhibited lower conspicuous consumption and higher intention of prosocial behavior than the control group while, in rejection condition, there were no differences in conspicuous consumption and intention of social behavior between firmed muscle and control groups. Findings indicate that, in the case of social exclusion caused by ignorance, firmed muscle improves self-efficacy, which may increase prosocial behavior.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2019

It is a very important task for managers to motivate employees who work at service encounters where interaction with customers is important. The purpose of this study is to propose the trust of supervisor and supervisor's expressions as factors that can enhance or strengthen employees' prosocial behavior. Hierarchical regression analysis was used for this purpose. The results and implications are as follows. First, trust toward supervisors appeared to be a factor to improve employees'engagement. Second, job engagement has a positive effect on prosocial behavior of employees, that is, customer oriented behavior and organizational citizenship behavior. Finally, this work confirmed the moderating effect of the supervisor's gratitude expressions in the relationship between trust toward supervisor and job engagement. Research on gratitude in the marketing field is still in its infancy, and previous researches are focused on business and consumer relations. Expressing gratitude can be a natural tendency. This study suggests that gratitude expression should be introduced as part of organizational culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.879-886
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to verify the relationship between job calling consciousness and job enthusiasm for the development of marine police izations and individuals. A study was conducted on 136 Korea Cost Guard officials. Sub-variables of vocational calling consciousness consisted of transcendent calling, the existence of purpose and meaning, and pro-social-oriented motivation, and job enthusiasm consisted of vitality, immersion, and dedication. As a result of the verification, it was found that transcendent calling, purpose, and meaning, which are sub-variables of occupational calling recognized by Korea Cost Guard officials, have a positive (+) effect on vitality, and commitment. However, it was found that pro-social-oriented motivation did not affect vitality, commitment, and immersion. Through the analysis results, practical implications of the maritime police ization were proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.65-77
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• 2004

This study investigated emotional regulation, motive for emotional regulation and behavior problems of children. 64 boys and 58 girls in fourth grade and their mothers were selected for the subject. The children were interviewed about eight interpersonal conflict situations, while their mothers completed the CBCL(Child Behavior Check List). Major findings were as follows: emotional regulation, motive for emotional regulation and behavior problems differed according to the children's gender. Girls used more appropriate display rules for managing negative emotions, and more often, prosocial motives than boys. While girls displayed greater immature behavior, boys displayed more hyperactive and aggressive behavior. Negative emotional regulation was the most predictable variable for boy's behavior problems. Positive emotional regulation and prosocial motives were significant variables predicting girl's behavior problems. These findings implicate that emotional regulation and motive for emotional regulation are important factors in preventing behavior problems of school-age children.