• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.101-114
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• 2006

Objective : In order to educate juveniles with proper sex education and to present advisable sexual culture among them, we researched the revelation age and duration period of secondary sex characteristics of 5th and 6th elementary student in Cheon-an, and compared them with their mother's case. Method : We did a survey among 5th and 6th grade elementary student in Cheon-an, which includes pictures presenting, different stages of breasts and pubic hair development. Results : Results show that in girls, average menarche age was 11.47 while the average of their mother's was 14.25. 3 years of decline was observed. On boys, average pubic hair development age was 11.42, similar to the average age of voice change, 11.43. Girls showed relatively earlier distribution of pubic hair manifestation age of 11.39, than in boys, which was 11.42. Concerning the sexual maturity, 99% of girls were over B2, while 43% of boys were over PH2. Almost all of the female participants manifested secondary sex characteristics, and half of them were in the stage of pubic hair development. Conclusion : We observed that the average age of manifesting secondary sex characteristic among elementary students is getting younger and especially, menarche age of young girls is significantly showing downward tendency compared to their mothers'. Sex education in elementary schools should be carried out considering the development stage of secondary sex characteristics among students.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the relation of elementary school children's stress and coping behavior in urban and rural areas. The subject included 286 children selected from 4 elementary schools in urban and rural areas. The instruments included the children's stress index and coping behavior questionnaire of the elementary school children. The statistics used from this data were t-test, one-way ANOVA(Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. This study showed significant differences between urban and rural children's stress in school attainment domain, teacher-school domain, home environment domain and surroundings domain. And urban and rural children was different in active, passive/avoidant and aggressive coping behavior. The stress of urban's children was influenced significantly by the grade and school attainment variales, and the rural children's stress was influenced significantly by the gender variable. The coping behavior of urban's children was influenced by the gender, grade and school attainment variables, and also the rural children's coping behavior was influenced by the above variables. Correlation analysis indicated that children's stress and aggressive coping behavior were relative positive high correlation in urban areas, and children's stress and passive/avoidant coping behavior were positive high correlation in rural areas. It was also found that school attainment, aggressive coping behavior and passive/avoidant coping behavior were significant predictors of urban children's stress, and gender, passive/avoidant coping behavior and aggressive coping behavior were significant predictors of rural children's stress.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.99-112
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was to investigate the associations of Parent Stress Index(PS]). Way of Coping Checklist(WCC). and Diagnostic System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) in mothers of elementary school children. Methods: In the study. K-PSI-SF. WCC. and DSOM were carried out on 202 mothers of O Oelementary school children during June. 2010. Cross tabulation analysis was used to verify the association of PSI. WCC and DSOM. Results: 1. The most common pathogenic factor was Dampness(濕) in total subjects. 2. The score of problem-focused coping methods showed significant difference in PSI grades. 3. The zp and sc10 of Qi deficiency(氣虛), Blood deficiency(血虛), Qi-Stagnation(氣滯), Insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), Heat(熱), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Liver(肝), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) showed significant difference in PSI grades. 4. The score of total PSI and PSI subscale had negative correlations with problem-focused coping methods 5. The score of total PSI had positive correlations with Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), and Kidney(腎) in total subjects. Conclusions : This study provides insights on associations of parenting stress coping methods and diagnostic system in Oriental Medicine. Furthermore, the study shows positive correlations among Qi-Stagnation (氣滯), Dampness(濕), Dryness(燥), Heart(心), Kidney(腎) and PSI, and negative correlations between PSI and Problem-focused coping methods, all with statistical significance.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.401-420
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 현재까지의 융합인재교육(STEAM; 이후 STEAM교육으로 통일)의 연구 동향과 영재교육에서의 STEAM교육 연구 현황을 비교 분석하고 영재 STEAM교육 프로그램의 특징을 분석하여 영재 STEAM교육의 연구를 위한 개선점을 제언하는데 있다. 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, STEAM교육 연구는 최근 2~3년간 급격히 증가하고 있고 STEAM교육 연구에서 영재교육이 차지하는 비율이 상대적으로 높았다. 둘째, STEAM교육 연구와 영재교육에서의 STEAM교육 연구 모두 초등학생을 대상으로 한 연구가 가장 많았다. 셋째, 영재교육에서의 STEAM교육 프로그램 개발 연구는 과학중심 연계형 융합 프로그램을 중심으로 다양하게 연구되고 있다. 예술영역은 미술이 융합된 프로그램 중심에서 차츰 다양한 영역으로 확대되고 있으며 5가지 융합 요소를 모두 포함한 형태가 가장 많았다. 학습형태는 STEAM 준거 교수학습모형이 가장 많이 개발되었으며 영재의 특성에 맞는 학습 모형을 적용한 다양한 학습 형태가 연구되고 있다. 프로그램 적용 연구로는 창의성에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 연구가 가장 많았다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.496-504
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• 2005

With the enlargement of school meals, the lunch program has played an important role in educating young students about good eating habits and food Preferences. The objective of this study was to investigate the awareness and preference of vegetables and to provide preliminary data required for framing a menu of school meals to help students maintain good food preference and eating habits with a balanced food diet. A survey was conducted from 25th October to 27th November, 2004 with 873 elementary school students (M: 474, F:399) in the 4th, 5th, or 6th grade of 6 schools in Daegu and Gyeong sang but do (Yongchon, Gumi, Pohang). Satisfaction for the school meal was rated by $52\%$ of the students and 'rice and soup' was the favorite meal type. Eating habits of students were not influenced by the employment status of their mothers. Only $11.2\%$ of students selected vegetable as their favorite food. Marsh mallow, taro stem, green bean sprouts, crown daisy and broccoli showed very low awareness and were selected as the least favorite vegetables. The most important criteria of preference were the taste and eating experience of the vegetables. The most preferred cooking method of the vegetables was tchigae which is a simple stew. Recognition of frequency for daily eating vegetables significantly affected the real intake of vegetables for everyday meals and the preference of vegetables also significantly affected the vegetable intake from the school meals. Compared to the school dietitian, mothers showed a greater frequency in being selecting as an educator of nutritional information. The above results indicated the need to improve the level of students' understanding of the importance of vegetables in the daily diet with parental education and publicity.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.252-262
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the sanitary performance and education of elementary and middle school food service employees, by administering questionnaires to 358 elementary school food service employees and 171 middle school food service employees in Seoul. The collected data were subjected to descriptive analysis and $X^2$ tests using the SPSS package program. On the questionnaire, items pertaining to personal hygiene, ingredient control, process control, safety management, and sanitation education were used to measure sanitary performance, with a maximum possible rating of 5 per each category. The results can be summarized as follows. Elementary school food service employees' had the following sanitary performances scores: personal hygiene(4.75), ingredient control(4.82), process control(4.73), safety management(4.69) and sanitation education(4.29). Middle school food service employees' had the following performance ratings: personal hygiene(4.62), ingredient control(4.71), process control(4.71), safety management(4.61) and sanitation education(4.05). In the elementary school employees, 59.8% received regular sanitation education once per month, while 67.3% of middle school employees received regular sanitation education more than once per month. At the elementary schools, food service sanitation education was conducted verbally(39.4%), while middle school sanitation education was principally carried out through the distribution of leaflets(41.5%). The average effectiveness scores for food service verbal education were 2.97 out of a possible 5 at the elementary schools and 2.94 out of 5 at the middle schools. In both elementary and middle schools, the majority of the employees attributed the low level of sanitation knowledge in food service to a lack of facilities and equipment.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.269-283
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• 2014

최근 수학교육 선진화 방안과 함께 3S 수학교육 (Storytelling 수학교육, SMART 수학교육, 그리고 STEAM 융합 수학교육)으로 수학교육 연구와 실천에 다이내믹한 변화가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 연구된 스토리텔링 모델 교과서 연구(한국과학창의재단, 2013)를 바탕으로 초등학교 쌓기나무에 대한 실행식(executable expression) 기반 스마트 스토리텔링 수학교육을 디자인하여 제안한다. 연구의 배경에서는 최근에 강조되는 SMART 수학교육과 Papert의 LOGO 마이크로월드를 기반으로 하는 스토리텔링 수학교육에 대하여 살펴 본다. 그리고 이론적 배경으로 기호학, 체화된 인지이론 및 실행식(executable expression)에 관하여 알아 본다. 나아가 실행식 기반 스마트 스토리텔링 수학교육을 실제 교육과정과 비교하여 일차함수, 확률 단원에서 어떻게 다루어질 수 있는지 살펴본다. 또한 실행식 기반 3D 프린터와 같은 공학 기기를 이용하여 가상 세계와 현실 세계 사이의 매개가 가능함을 보인다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.2505-2510
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• 2015

본 연구는 사춘기 전, 중, 후의 스트레스저항력의 차이를 알아보고자 하는 목적이다. 연구는 2012년 10월부터 12월까지 두달간 진행했다. 대상자로 사춘기 전과 중은 Y시 초등학교와 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 설문지를 통해 사춘기 전 28명, 중 35명 두 집단으로 나누고 사춘기 후 집단은 한국 정신과학 연구소의 전국 대학생 33명 뇌파로 사춘기 전, 중, 후 세 집단의 항 스트레스 차이를 알아보았다. 연구결과는 좌뇌 사춘기 전 평균값 77.11, 중 79.14, 후 84.93, 우뇌의 전 평균값 77.24, 중 79.89, 후 84.43으로 점차 항 스트레스지수가 증가됨을 볼 수 있었다. 이는 사춘기의 심리적 특성이 설문방식뿐만 아니라 과학적인 뇌파에 의해서도 입증될 수 있다는데 의미가 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2018

This study aims to compare the word decoding skills, phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) skills, and letter knowledge of first graders with developmental dyslexia (DD) and those who were typically developing (TD). Eighteen children with DD and eighteen TD children, matched by nonverbal intelligence and discourse ability, participated in the study. Word decoding of Korean language-based reading assessment(Pae et al., 2015) was conducted. Phoneme-grapheme correspondent words were analyzed according to whether the word has meaning, whether the syllable has a final consonant, and the position of the grapheme in the syllable. Letter knowledge asked about the names and sounds of 12 consonants and 6 vowels. The children's PA of word, syllable, body-coda, and phoneme blending was tested. Object and letter RAN was measured in seconds. The decoding difficulty of non-words was more noticeable in the DD group than in the TD one. The TD children read the syllable initial and syllable final position with 99% correctness. Children with DD read with 80% and 82% correctness, respectively. In addition, the DD group had more difficulty in decoding words with two patchims when compared with the TD one. The DD group read only 57% of words with two patchims correctly, while the TD one read 91% correctly. There were significant differences in body-coda PA, phoneme level PA, letter RAN, object RAN, and letter-sound knowledge between the two groups. This study confirms the existence of Korean developmental dyslexics, and the urgent need for the inclusion of a Korean-specific phonics approach in the education system.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate temporal and spatial variations, and moments of the lower extremities of gait while playing the game with smartphone under different curb-heights. Ten male elementary school students(from 10 years to 13 years old) participated in this study. Twelve infrared cameras(Oqus-500) and two force plates(9260AA) were used for collecting data and these were processed via Visual 3D software. In conclusion, with or without smartphone and with different curb-heights, the spatial and temporal parameters of walking were not the same and coefficients of variations were not consistent. The maximum joint moments of the lower extremities with or without smartphone were not statistically significant but those of hip and ankle joint were statistically significant with regard to the different heights of the curbs.