• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.197-209
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• 2018

Recently, many start-up failures occur as the number of attempts to start a business increases in a social atmosphere that encourages start-up. In particular, young entrepreneurs have a lower survival rate than general entrepreneurs because young entrepreneurs are challenging just with a simple idea to overcome the difficulties of employment while lacking prior knowledge and experience of business. Therefore, the reason for the failure of start-up is lack of preparation for start-up and lack of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is to develop a measurement tool to build a basic framework for entrepreneurship development and start - up preparation activities for young people. To develop an entrepreneurship measurement tool, researchers developed a preliminary question through qualitative research methods such as literature research, focus group interview, and expert verification. After that, researchers surveyed 102 entrepreneurs using quantitative research method and to verify the construct validity of the measurement tool, the final entrepreneurship measurement tool was completed through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The entrepreneurship measurement tool developed through this research process consists of 7 components and 15 measurement items. First, in the step of 'confirming entrepreneurial intention', two items of 'self-analytic competence', three items of 'ability of establishing start-up philosophy'are contained. Second, in the step of 'drawing up a start-up model', two items are contained in each category such as, 'ability of eliciting entrepreneurial idea,' 'ability of analyzing idea validity,' 'competence of planning a venture start-up model'. Third, in the step of 'planning the venture start-up,' two items are contained in each category such as, 'business-plan presentation competency,' 'ability of implementing organizational system.'. The measurement tool of entrepreneurship is meaningful as it could help young entrepreneur find out their lacking competence in preparing their start-ups and strengthen necessary competences by measuring their own entrepreneurship. Rather in the entrepreneurship education, basic data that can diagnose the entrepreneurship of young entrepreneurs is provided.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2024

This study examines whether startup firms start with the resources they already have and expand the resources they can mobilize in the process of business management (Effectuation Model) using public data provided by the government. The results of the study show that the Effectuation Model can partially explain the behavior of early-stage startup firms. Therefore, in terms of policy implications based on these findings, government policies for entrepreneurship should not be based on the selection of companies based on sophisticated business models and hypothetical profit models, but rather on a system that actively supports entrepreneurship in areas that are challenging, even if they seem somewhat reckless at the moment, or that best match the entrepreneur's knowledge. Next, in order to actively spread entrepreneurship, it is necessary to spread business history or entrepreneurial experience. To this end, it is necessary to drastically change the current financial system for startups, where the founder bears all the financial risk, and to more actively consider ways to reduce the risk of startups by allowing society and the financial system to share some of the risk of startups.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.87-100
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• 2022

Early start-up companies have an inherent limitation of lack of resources. Despite these limitations, in order to survive, the entrepreneur's personal ability to efficiently use limited resources is required. In the marketing field, various studies are needed to reduce the business failure rate through establishing growth strategies and innovation. Accordingly, it is necessary to apply the concept of entrepreneurial marketing, which has been researched and developed overseas for 30 years, to fit the domestic reality. According to the flow of this study, an empirical study should be preceded to clarify the influence relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation, marketing competency, and management performance, along with a theoretical theorem on entrepreneurial marketing that is suitable for early start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and can respond innovatively to changes. The establishment of entrepreneurial marketing orientation and the processes from which this concept leads to business performance through the organization's marketing capabilities and its effects will be empirically verified. For an empirical survey, a survey was conducted on founders of 220 companies, and path analysis using structural equations was used for hypothesis verification. The findings are as follows. First, it was found that the entrepreneurial marketing orientation had a positive effect on both the organization's marketing capabilities and management performance. Second, it was found that the organization's marketing capabilities also had a positive effect on management performance. Third, as a result of empirical analysis of the mediating effect of the organization's marketing capabilities on the relationship between entrepreneurial marketing orientation and management performance, it was found that marketing capabilities showed a greater mediating effect on non-financial performance than financial performance. On the other hand, it was confirmed that marketing performance had a stronger mediating effect on financial performance than non-financial performance. By confirming and presenting the concept and constituent factors of entrepreneurial marketing orientation of domestic start-ups, which were academic gaps for the purpose of this paper, the academic research is differentiated in that they were verified as six components of entrepreneurial marketing. The practical implications of the research results will be that the entrepreneurial marketing-oriented mindset of small and medium-sized companies will optimize market analysis capabilities, network with various stakeholders, and increase the organization's ability to demonstrate marketing capabilities.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.133-144
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• 2017

For a social venture in early stage, it is very difficult to set up a strategy as it has to pursue two contradictory goals; economic value and social value. The platform strategy can be good alternative solution for social ventures as it seeks building-up connections with other businesses to co-create value despite of limited resources. A Korean social venture, JUMP! which adopted platform strategy in the early stage, and successfully applied 4 key factors of platform strategy; core competency, value creation ability, efficiency and network effect, has been able to develop sustainable growth for itself and induce innovation and growth among the participants within the platform. This study was intended to research effect of adoption and successful application of platform strategy for social ventures in the early stage of start-up and draw conclusion through case study that platform strategy works for sustainable growth of social ventures.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to do exploratory analysis on the relationships between demographic characteristics of entrepreneurial candidates and their developmental level of entrepreneurial traits as well as the choice of business field. We analyzed gender, age, and educational level of the entrepreneurial candidates and their developmental level of entrepreneurial traits such as achievement tendencies, degree of awareness, planning skills, sincerity, interpersonal relationship, and problem-solving skills. Industry fields were classified into 4 types: restaurants, retail, services, internet business. Descriptive statistical analyses, logistic regressions, and variance analyses were performed about the sample data gathered from 1,441 persons since the year 2002 to 2014. Males and highly educated above university preferred service industry than restaurant, retail, and internet business. Females preferred internet business, retail, and restaurants than service industry field. The young persons under 20 showed higher probability to choose internet business. The college level and high school graduates preferred retail and restaurants than service industry. The developmental level of entrepreneurial traits were higher in male and highly educated. By this study, we could find the divide between groups with high and low probabilities of failure: restaurants and retail field showed higher failure probability than service industry in the business fields of self-employed. Furthermore, we could identify that entrepreneurial traits also had been developed differently depending on the groups. It is necessary to refrain from entering into the fields with high failure probabilities as well as to provide supporting policies to build the systems and environment to reduce the cases to begin new business without special knowledges and know-hows. The competency development training should be provided in the early stage of start-ups considering their entrepreneurial traits and aptitudes. Not only the assessment of the entrepreneurial traits but also professional counseling from initial stage are necessary.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.201-209
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• 2019

Recently various start-up competitions have been held in the government, public and private sectors. There is a need to improve the business model of the majority of preliminary founders and early founders through the start - up contest, while improving the possibility of commercialization. The purpose of this study is to analyze the present status of various start - up contests based on the actual survey results of the major start - up contest operators and major participants in Korea. The main results of this study are as follows: First, in the run - up contest, there is a tendency to break out of the event personality, to prevent the opening of the business model of the entrepreneur in the competition, to reduce the formal procedure considering the input time, Improvement of the use of presentation materials, and the purpose of the contest and precise specification of the object of the recruitment. Secondly, it is necessary to establish a juror and a mentor pool with expertise. It is necessary to establish the judges and the mentor pool with expertise in each field, allocate the region according to the regional composition, entrust the judges with entrepreneurial experience, and introduce the post evaluation system for the judges after the competition. Third, most of the contest winners are manufacturing / technology-based businesses.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2020

This study examines how the government's fairness in entrepreneurship support affects satisfaction and management performance, and examines whether these influences are different for each growth stage of start-up companies. For this study, data were collected for start-up companies that received government support for start-up within the past 5 years. Total 611 copies of the data were used in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The fairness used in this study was divided into three types, procedural fairness, interactive fairness, and distributed fairness. The effect of the three fairness on the satisfaction of start-up support project was analyzed. In addition, the effect of business support satisfaction on business performance was analyzed, where the business performance was evaluated by the questioner's satisfaction with their business. The start-up phase was divided into the start phase, early growth phase, stagnant phase, and high-level growth phase, and the moderating effect between the fairness and satisfaction of the government-supported projects by start-up phase was analyzed. As a result, it was found that every concept of fairness had a positive (+) effect on the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project, and the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project had a positive (+) effect on the management performance. The concept of procedural fairness in the start phase, procedural fairness in the early growth phase, interactive fairness, and the concept of all fairness in the stagnant phase influenced the satisfaction of the start-up support project. In this study, the fairness and effect of government-supported projects affecting the management performance of start-ups were identified by growth phase of start-ups. The results of these studies will help build a systematic system for entrepreneurship support and for start-ups, it will also greatly contribute to finding differentiated growth plans by growth stages of start-up companies.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.163-166
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• 2020

저출산으로 경제활동인구가 감소했는데도 청년실업자가 늘어난 나라는 한국, 이탈리아, 그리스인데 이는 OECD국가 중 유일하다. OECD 청년고용률은 2009년 40.5%에서 2019년 43.5%로 증가했지만 순위는 30위에서 32위로 하락했다. 코로나19사태로 매출이 감소한 국내 301개사는 채용을 미루거나 포기한 비율이 전체 50.5%애 이르면서 앞으로 청년 취업 상황을 악화시킬 것으로 보인다. 양질의 일자리가 증가하면 이를 통해 개인은 경쟁력을 확보하게 되고 산업은 고급 인력을 바탕으로 성장구조를 만든다. 따라서 민간과 정부는 창업을 적극적으로 독려하고 활성화 시킬 필요가 있다. 청년창업대상자를 중심으로 진행하는 사업은 중소벤처기업부의 청소년 비즈쿨 사업과 창업에듀, K-스타트업, 청년창업사관학교, 학생창업유망팀 300등이 있다. 그러나 대부분의 지원 사업이 초기창업단계에 지원역량이 강화되어 있고 공급자 위주로 창업지원 사업을 운영하다보니 창업 성과는 미미하다. 통계청 자료에 의하면 20대는 생계유지에 대한 문제와 창업자금으로 인해 창업을 망설이고 30대는 가족을 돌보는 것에 대한 부담감과 기업가에 대한 부정적인 인식으로 창업을 기피 하는데 이는 40대이상 다른 연령층보다 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 개인적, 환경적 요인이 연령에 따라 창업의지에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 비교분석하여 일자리 활성화를 위한 정부의 청년창업지원대책 기초자료에 도움이 되고자 한다. 청년창업대상자의 금전에 대한 태도, 창업역량, 성공한 롤모델, SNS 활용능력, 창업지원정책, 사회적지지, 인적네트워크, 해외시장 관심도가 창업의지에 어떤 상관 관계를 갖는지 비교연구를 진행하고자 한다. 10대의 경우 취업과 창업을 고민하는 특성화고등학생 150명, 20대 150명, 30대 150명으로 총 450명의 데이터를 가지고 SPSS 23을 통해 다중회귀분석을 진행하고 원인을 비교해 앞으로의 정책이 창업을 독려하고 지속력을 갖기 위한 방향으로 시사점을 제안한다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.35-48
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• 2018

This study aims to assess the training effect of QFD(Quality Functional Deployment) program for 3 years over startups, adopted from the conventional QFD widely used in the large companies to break up to a sluggish sales and growth, for employees working in startup whether the participants in startup and venture company taking this lessons into their real tasks or not. In particular, the focus of this study falls on figuring out whether individual characteristics of the participants play a role in moderating effect over transfer intension factors and its link path structure. The research results drive out two significant findings. First, in terms of relationship between the influence of transfer intension by self-efficacy and the validity of training content with the learner's readiness, the moderating effect of demographic features of the participants is effective partially by the sex and fully by their working position, but not statistically significant by age, education, and the prior startup career. This research deliver the following significant implication that the active participation of CEO level, decision-maker guarantee the higher performance of the training program like QFD program, more stresses falling on practical implementation in real business rather than just ending up with career training. This study gives significant policy implication to quasi-government organization running all public startup training projects.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.127-135
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• 2020

The purpose of this paper is to classify individual startups by growth stage based on data-based quantitative criteria. This is to provide a basis for systematic support for government startups based on accurate statistics on the startup growth process. This startups were the TIPS (Tech Incubator Program for Startup) support company, which used a relatively reliable startup. We found seed money to complete MVP (Minimum Viable Product) within 1.5 years after establishment, verified PMF (Product-Market Fit) within 1 year, attracted Series A investment within 2.5 years after establishment, and successfully commercialized it. It attracted Series B investment for stable growth within 1.5 years (Series B investment within 4 years from start-up). The results of the study, the division of government programs that support stage-based startup commercialization, that is, within three years and within seven years of establishment, is significant to date. Three directions are suggested for future research. First, develop indicators for monitoring startup growth stages. Second, it continuously updates the annual changes and tracks the growth stages of individual startups. Third, we discover the successful growth law of technology-based startups by applying in-depth case analysis of successful startups to the model.