• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of this study was to provide the method to measure physiologic response using equipments and auditory stimulation, and the physiologic response features of adult psychiatric disorders through a systemic review. Methods : The systemic review was executed using PubMed. The key words for search were "auditory stimulation, auditory startle, electromyograph, skin conductance, heart rate, psychiatric disorder, anxiety disorder, schizophrenia, depression". 8 studies were used for data analysis, and all of levels of evidence were level II. The substances of the review were subject(population), auditory stimulation, measure equipments and physiologic response features of psychiatric disorder. Results : 1. The subjects for the studies were anxiety disorder(4) and schizophrenia(4). 2. Auditory stimulation was used in 8 studies and visual stimulation with auditory stimulation was used in 2 studies to induce physiologic response. 3. Every study used electromyograph, and skin conductance was used in 2 studies and heart rate was used in 2 studies with electromyograph to measure physiologic response. 4. The subjects for the studies, schizophrenia and anxiety disorder(PTSD, OCD) have different physiologic response features with the normal control group. Conclusion : All studies used simple tones as an auditory stimulation and electromyograph to measure physiologic response. Psychiatric disorders indicated larger response, shorter and delayed habituation. The objective and systematic study using physiologic measure to investigate the sensory feature of psychologic disorders.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.217-227
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to analyze the changes of the heart rate, hand function, and health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability through the increase of the auditory stimulation. The subjects were 16 people with intellectual disability. The increase of the auditory stimulation was modulated through the music sound and the intensity was consisted of 60dB, 65dB and 70dB. The wist heart rate and blood pressure monitor was used to measure the heart rate during the application of the auditory stimulation increase. The hand function of right and left hand was measured by the Purdue pegboard. Health related of quality of life was measured by the short form-8 health survey. As the results, the increase of the heart rate was showed by the increase of the auditory stimulation and the decrease of the hand function and health related quality of life was showed. For these, the increase of the auditory stimulation acts as a psychological distress, thereby the increase of the heart rate and the reduction of the hand function and health relate quality of life showed. Thus, to decrease of the heart rate and increase the hand function and the health related quality of life of the people with intellectual disability, the intensity of the auditory stimulation should be considered in the environmental stimulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.285-289
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 고차 뇌 정보처리연구의 일환으로서, 통신 및 정보이론 분야에서 신호간의 확률적 상관성을 나타내는 지표로 많이 활용되는 상호정보(mutual information)를 이용하여 청각자극을 받은 뇌파의 정보이동(information flow)을 분석하였다. 청각자극에 따른 뇌파의 정보이동을 분석한 결과, 자극에 따른 각 상태에서의 확률적 관계의 흐름에 차이가 있음을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2010

Psychophysical experiment was performed to investigate how audio-visual spatial disparity affects on perceptual space in peripheral vision. In the experiment, participants were exposed to two stimuli of vision and sound which comes simultaneously from different directions, respectively. The visual stimulus was implemented by 7 white LEDs which were located at an equal distance with 7 different angles of $-70^{\circ}$, $-40^{\circ}$, $-20^{\circ}$, $0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$, and $70^{\circ}$ from the right front. Those audial stimuli were also implemented by loudspeakers which were placed at 9 different directions equally spaced by $5^{\circ}$ ranged from $-20^{\circ}$ to $20^{\circ}$. Each participant then evaluated spatial disparity between visual and audial stimuli with 5 levels of response, in which the higher level indicates the larger gap. When the visual stimulus is applied from the right, the results show that the response level gets higher for a larger angle between visual and auditory stimuli. A similar tendency for the visual stimulus with $0^{\circ}$ orientation was also be observed. On the other hand, when the visual stimulus is applied from the left, the response level gets lower for the larger angle.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.3227-3229
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• 2000

본 논문은 청각 자극이 제시되었을 때 변화되는 뇌파로부터 의미 있는 특징을 찾아내서 정량화 할 수 있는 변수 추출 및 분류 기법을 제시한다. 건강한 피실험자로부터 방향성 있는 청각 자극을 인가했을 때의 뇌파를 검출, 분류하였다. 뇌파의 변수 추출 방법으로는 짧은 시간영역에서의 신호의 갑작스런 변화량도 정량적으로 분석할 수 있는 Mallat's A1gorithm을 이용한 웨이블릿 변환(wavelet transform)을 적용하였고, 분류 방법으로는 그 결과로 나온 웨이블릿 계수를 변수로 하여 Neural Network을 학습하여 사용하였다. 향후 피실험자의 훈련을 통해서 청각 자극이 없이 순수한 생각만으로 방향을 검출할 수 있는 뇌파분석기를 만든다면 생각만으로도 물체의 방향을 제어할 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1994 no.05
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• pp.69-71
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• 1994

1Hz에서 20Hz까지의 단속 주파수를 지닌 청각자극을 가해 얻은 EEG신호에서 자극에 따른 신호의 정성적이고 정량적인 특성을 카오스 분석방법을 통해 밝혔다. 먼저, 뇌전위 신호에 전반적으로 나타나는 일반적인 카오스 특징(fractal mechanism, 1/f frequency spectrum, positive lyapunov exponent등등)이 확인되어졌다. 유발전위에 대해서는 자극의 주파수에 따른 주기 배증을 경유한 카오스로 가는 길(route to chaos)과 2차원 pseudo-phase portrait의 뿌앙까레 단면에서의 기하학적 모양(topological property)의 변화가 관찰되어졌고, 자발전위가 포함된 유발전위에 대해서는 적절한 bases를 지닌 3차원 phase space에서 기이한 끌개(chaotic attractor)가, 유발전위의 정보를 지닌채 보여졌다. 끝으로 자극 주파수(단속 주파수와 반송 주파수) 변화와 측정이 이루어진 머리표면에서의 공간적 위치에 따른, lyapunov exponent값 변화가 의미있게 해석되어졌다. 이 결과는 무질서하게 보이는 뇌전위신호에서 주어진 청각자극에 대한 정보를 얻는 새로운 방법을 제시하게 된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.475-484
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• 2010

This study examined the influence of the SOA(stimulus onset asynchrony) between visual and auditory stimuli on the integration phenomenon of audio-visual senses. Within the stimulus integration phenomenon, the redundant target effect (the faster and more accurate response to the target stimulus when the target stimulus is presented with more than two modalities) and the visual dominance effect (the faster and more accurate response to a visual stimulus compared to an auditory stimulus) were examined as we composed a visual and auditory unimodal target condition and a multimodal target condition and then observed the response time and accuracy. Consequently, despite the change between visual and auditory stimuli SOA, there was no redundant target effect present. The auditory dominance effect appeared when the SOA between the two stimuli was over 100ms. Theses results imply that the redundant target effect is continuously maintained even when the SOA between two modal stimuli is altered, and also suggests that the behavioral results of superior information processing can only be deducted when the time difference between the onset of the auditory stimuli and the visual stimuli is approximately over 100ms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.199-201
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 시각 자극, 청각 자극, 시청각 자극을 이용하여 인간의 공간인지 능력과 감각-운동 협응 정도를 분석하였다. 피험자는 과거에 시력과 청력장애를 경험하지 않은 20대의 정상성인 남녀 각각 10명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석을 위해 EOG, EMG등의 생체신호와 3차원 좌표추적장치(FASTRAK)를 이용하여 지시운동시 손가락의 위치좌표를 검출하였다. 그 결과 시청각 자극에서 가장 작은 인식오차를 보였고 공간인지에 있어서 시각이 청각보다 주도적인 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.10
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• pp.451-456
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• 2014

The correlations between electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral power and emotional responses during affective sound clip listening are important parameters. Hemispheric asymmetry in prefrontal activation have been proposed in two decades ago, as measured by power value, is related to reactivity to affectively pleasure audio stimuli. In this study, we designed an emotional audio stimulus experiment in order to verify frontal EEG asymmetry by analyzing Event-related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) results. Thirty healthy college male students volunteered the stimulus experiment with the standard IADS(International Affective Digital Sounds) clips. These affective sound clips are classified in three emotion states, high pleasure-high arousal (happy), middle pleasure-low arousal (neutral) and low pleasure-high arousal (fear). The analysis of the data was performed in both theta (4-8Hz) and alpha (8-13Hz) bands. ERSP maps in the alpha band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high pleasure (happy) in the right frontal lobe, while the stronger power responses of middle-low pleasure (neutral and fear) in the left frontal lobe. Moreover, ERSP maps in the theta band revealed that there are the stronger power responses of high arousal (fear and happy) in the left pre-frontal lobe, while the stronger responses of low arousal (neutral) in the right pre-frontal lobe. However, the high pleasure emotions (happy) can elicit greater relative right EEG activity, while the low and middle pleasure emotions (fear and neutral) can elicit the greater relative left EEG activity. Additionally, the most differences of theta band have been found out in the medial frontal lobe, which is proved as the frontal midline theta. And there are the strongest responses of happy sounds in the alpha band around the whole frontal regions. These results are well suited for emotion recognition, and provide the evidences that theta and alpha powers may have the more important role in the emotion processing than previously believed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.2187-2196
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gait training using rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait symmetry of stroke patients. Forty chronic stroke patients were divided into four groups by intervention. Group A and B received auditory stimulation when they walk with comfortable gait speed. Group A received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group B to non-paralyzed side. Group C and D received auditory stimulation with 10% faster gait speed than their comfortable gait speed. Group C received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group D to non-paralyzed side. Gait training using auditory stimulation was done in each group during five minutes. Gait symmetry was evaluated by formula and temporal variables of gait were measured by gait analysis system. Step time was decreased significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05), and gait symmetry was also improved significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05). Cadence was increased significantly in all groups except group A (p<.05), but velocity was not increased in all groups. Therefore we conclude that RAS gait training is effective in improving gait symmetry and can be useful to stroke patient's gait training.