• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

CCS(Carbon Capture and Storage) which is technic to capture and storage the carbon-dioxide is the method that reduces the carbon-dioxide from the industries to prevent earth from the global warming. In order to apply to the practical site, it is inevitable to investigate the possibility of damage in the pipe or components by carbon-dioxide. In this paper, the immersion test is performed to estimate the suitability of the rubber which is used to seal or connect the pipelines because the rubber has not been validated. Also, the immersion test is carried out in a certain condition(pre- and supercritical state).

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

The objective of this paper is to evaluate production efficiency of the commercial road freight transportation industry using quarterly actual data by individual truck drivers from January 2005 to September 2009. In addition, this study analyzes various impact factors that influence production efficiency, including regulatory factors (e.g., entrust management system and multi-level transactions). For this purpose, this study uses data envelopment analysis and a truncated Tobit model. As a result, production efficiency of the general freight sector is higher than those of the other two sectors. Also, production efficiency in the steel goods sector ranks the highest; meanwhile, production efficiency in the oil goods sector ranks the lowest. In particular, production efficiency indicators of the commercial road freight transportation industry fluctuate with time by a small margin, and have an upward tendency on the whole. Finally, some policy implications are given to promote production efficiency of the commercial road freight transportation industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.190-190
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• 2000

침질탄화처리는 표면경화처리의 화학열처리 종류로서 지난 수 십년동안 많이 사용된 방법이며 값싼 철강재료 즉 보통탄소강, 저합금강 등에 내마모성, 내부식성 및 내피로성 향상에 사용되어 왔다. 그리고 자동차 부품, 기계류 부품, 공업용 공구 등에 적용할 수 있으며 염욕 및 가스를 매체로 사용한다. 침질 탄화처리는 질소와 탄소가 동시에 철재료로 확산 침투하여 최표면에 탄질화물의 화합물층을 형성하고 화합물층 아래에 확산층을 형성하는데 일반적으로 화합물층이 단상의 $\varepsilon$화합물일 때 내마모성과 내부식성을 확산층이 내피로성질을 향상시킨다. 이러한 염욕과 가스 침질탄화 처리에도 불구하고 플라즈마 화학열처리는 가스방법에 비해 현저하게 가스 소모량이 적고 에너지 효율이 높으며 현제 문제시되는 환경오염이 전혀 없기 때문에 크게 각광받고 있다. 현재 플라즈마 침진탄화처리에 많은 연구를 하였음에도 불구하고 단상의 $\varepsilon$화합물층을 형성시키는 어려운 문제점으로 남아 있으며 대부분의 화합물층은 최표면의 $\varepsilon$상과 ${\gamma}$'상으로 구성되어 있고 이러한 혼합상의 화합물층은 $\varepsilon$상과 ${\gamma}$'상의 방위가 서로 불일치하기 때문에 마모시에 미소크랙을 유발시켜 내마모성을 저하시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 CH4 가스를 사용하여 내마모성과 내부식성을 향상시키는 단상의 $\varepsilon$화합물층 생성가능성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 침진탄화 처리시간을 변화시켰을 때 화합물층의 생성은 ${\gamma}$'상으로부터 시작되고 $\varepsilon$상은 즉시 ${\gamma}$'상을 소모하면서 생성되어 일정시간이 지난 후 $\varepsilon$상은 안정화되며 질소가스농도가 증가할수록 화합물 층내의 $\varepsilon$상분율은 역시 증가하였다. 한편 CH4 가스농도는 처리되는 강종에 따라 차이를 보이며 적정 CH4 가스농도를 초과시에는 $\varepsilon$상 생성은 억제되고 시멘타이트상이 생성되었다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.15-22
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• 2000

There are many intensive efforts to develop the recycling technologies of waste plastics in steel works to tackle the saving of resources and the protection of the natural environment. In this study, the thermogravimetric analyses for three kinds of plastics, the combustion experiments and the theoretical approach for calculating the flame temperature in the blast furnace had been performed to understand the behavior of plastics in the raceway. The thermal decompositions of plastics were studied using thermogravimetric analyzer under the atmospheric condition. The starting temperature of thermal decomposition and the maximum weight loss point were increased in proportion to the logarithmic values of heating rate. The combustion characteristics of plastics were simulated in a coke-bed combustor. The combustion efficiency of plastics was lower than that of pulverized coal. The oxygen enrichment was found out to be one of the useful methods to increase the combustibility of plastics in raceway. The maximum injection rate of plastics was calculated based on the flame temperature.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.65-65
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• 2009

철강 재료의 GMA 용접 시, 보호가스로 $CO_2$ 가스를 사용하면 가격이 저렴하고 용입이 깊다는 장점이 있어 국내에서 광범위하게 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 일반적으로 활성가스인 $CO_2$를 사용한 GMA용접은 아크가 불안정하고 스패터가 많이 발생한다는 단점이 있어 아크 안정성 개선의 필요성이 부각되었다. 거기다 용접 자동화 및 용접 품질의 고급화 추세로 아크 안정성이 $CO_2$용접에서 점점 중요해지면서, 아크 안정화 및 스패터 저감을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 GMA 용접 재료인 solid wire의 표면에 이온화 에너지가 낮은 금속인 인듐(In)을 전해 도금하여 중전류의 $CO_2$ 용접에 적용하였다. 고속 촬영과 아크 모니터링 분석을 통하여 금속 이행 모드 및 아크 안정화에 미치는 영향에 관하여 연구하였다. 동일 전압, 전류 조건에서 도금 두께를 달리하여 용접을 실시, 도금 두께에 따른 아크 안정성의 경향을 분석하였다. 그 결과 도금 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 아크가 넓어지는 것을 확인하였으며, 이는 아크 내에 이온화도가 높은 인듐 이온이 다량 포함됨으로써 이온의 양이 증가하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 또한 도금 두께가 일정 이상이 되면, 이행 모드가 용적의 아래에서 아크가 발생하는 반발 이행 모드에서 용적의 윗부분에서 아크가 발생하는 입상 용적 이행 모드로 바뀌었으며, 이때 단락 수가 현저히 줄어들어 아크가 안정해졌다. 이에 따라 인듐 도금 와이어는 기존보다 낮은 전류 영역에서도 안정적인 아크와 금속 이행 모드를 가지게 됨을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.875-883
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• 2010

This study assessed the Charpy impact properties of the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of API X80 linepipe steels containing complex oxides. Three types of steel were fabricated by adding Mg and $O_2$ to form complex oxides and their microstructures and Charpy impact properties were investigated. The number of complex oxides increased with the amount of excess Mg and $O_2$ that was included in the steels. Simulated HAZs containing a number of oxides showed a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite (AF) because the oxides acted as nucleation sites for AF, thereby leading to an improvement in the Charpy impact properties. According to a correlation study between the heat input, the volume fraction of the AF, and the Charpy impact properties, ductile fractures occurred predominantly when the fraction of the AF was 20% or higher; moreover, the Charpy absorbed energy was excellent at more than 100 J. These findings suggest that the improvement of the Charpy impact properties of the HAZs was associated with the active nucleation of AF in the oxide-containing steel HAZs.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.705-716
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• 2010

Effects of specimen thickness and notch shape on fracture mode appearing in drop weight tear test (DWTT) specimens of API X70 and X80 linepipe steels were investigated. Detailed microstructural analysis of fractured DWTT specimens showed that the fractures were initiated in normal cleavage mode near the specimen notch, and that some separations were observed at the center of the fracture surfaces. The Chevron-notch (CN) DWTT specimens had broader normal cleavage surfaces than the pressed-notch (PN) DWTT specimens. Larger inverse fracture surfaces appeared in the PN DWTT specimens because of the higher fracture initiation energy at the notch and the higher strain hardening in the hammer-impacted region. The number and length of separations were larger in the CN DWTT specimens than in the PN DWTT specimens, and increased with increasing specimen thickness due to the plane strain condition effect. As the test temperature decreased, the tendency to separations increased, but separations were not found when the cleavage fracture prevailed at very low temperatures. The DWTT test results, such as upper shelf energy and energy transition temperature, were discussed in relation with microstructures and fracture modes including cleavage fracture, shear fracture, inverse fracture, and separations.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.30-41
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• 2019

Global production of zinc is about 13 million tons and zinc is the fourth-most widely used primary metal in the world following iron, aluminum and copper. When zinc is recycled to produce secondary zinc, it can save about 75 % of the total energy that is needed to produce the primary zinc from ore, and in therms of $CO_2$ emissions reduced by about 40 %. However, since zinc is mainly used for galvanizing of steel, the recycling rate of zinc is about 25 %, which is lower than other metals. The raw materials for recycling of zinc include dusts generated in the production of steel and brass, sludge in the production process of non-ferrous metals, dross in the melting of zinc ingots or hot dip galvanizing, waste batteries, and metallic scrap. Among them, steelmaking dust and waste batteries are most actively recycled up to now. Most of the recycling process uses pyrometallurgical methods. Recently, however, much attention has been given to a combined process of pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.580-583
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• 2009

It is very important to minimize the maintenance cost on easy accessibility in the production information system, change of production process line, and system expansion for globalization of logistics and production in the steel and manufacturing. In this paper, we design applying design patterns of object-oriented as well as implement web-based integrated manufacturing management system using JSP for easy accessibility of users and reduction of maintenance cost on business expansion and system integration. In addition, The proposed MES system supports various functionality such as equipment master code management, equipment management, inspection management, repair management, failure management, and statistic management in detail.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

The POSCO Outsourcing Partners(POSOP) consisted of 59 companies plays an important role in creating jobs in Gwangyang City of Jeonnam Province, the representative steel city of Korea. However POSOP are suffering from a job shortage. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mismatch between job-seekers and job-openers in relation to employment in Gwangyang City. As a result of the job-mismatch analysis of nine factors, there was a clear mismatch in recognition of suppliers, access to corporate and employment information, employment information acquisition path, and employment preference factors. However, there was no mismatch in the factors of employment avoidance and difficulty in the job-seeking and recruitment process. As solutions to the mismatch, it proposes to redefine the role of POPOS, promote capacity building projects for labor-management co-prosperity and cooperation, and gradually promote related projects in connection with the master plan related a comprehensive plan for youth jobs.