• Title/Summary/Keyword: 질산화/탈질화

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Characterization of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis NS13 (Alcaligenes faecalis NS13에 의한 호기성 종속영양 질산화 및 탈질화)

  • Jung, Taeck-Kyung;Ra, Chang-Six;Joh, Ki-Seong;Song, Hong-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.166-174
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    • 2016
  • In order to find an efficient bacterial strain that can carry out nitrification and denitrification simultaneously, we isolated many heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria from wastewater treatment plant. One of isolates NS13 showed high removal rate of ammonium and was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis by analysis of its 16S rDNA sequence, carbon source utilization and fatty acids composition. This bacterium could remove over 99% of ammonium in a heterotrophic medium containing 140 mg/L of ammonium at pH 6-9, $25-37^{\circ}C$ and 0-4% of salt concentrations within 2 days. It showed even higher ammonium removal at higher initial ammonium concentration in the medium. A. faecalis NS13 could also reduce nitrate and nitrous oxide by nitrate reductase and nitrous oxide reductase, respectively, which was confirmed by detection of nitrate reductase gene, napA, and nitrous oxide reducase gene, nosZ, by PCR. One of metabolic intermediate of denitrification, $N_2O$ was detected from headspace of bacterial culture. Based on analysis of all nitrogen compounds in the bacterial culture, 42.8% of initial nitrogen seemed to be lost as nitrogen gas, and 46.4% of nitrogen was assimilated into bacterial biomass which can be removed as sludge in treatment processes. This bacterium was speculated to perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification simultaneously, and may be utilized for N removal in wastewater treatment processes.

생물막 연속회분식 반응기를 이용한 영양염류의 동시제거에 관한 연구

  • 박민정;김동석
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.117-121
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    • 2003
  • SBR과 SBBR 모두 대부분의 유기물은 포기기간에 소모되었으며, SBBR의 경우 부족한 유기물 조건에서도 원활한 탈질화 반응이 일어난 것을 볼 때, 유기물 농도가 낮은 우리나라의 하수에 적합한 공정으로 생각된다. 질산화 속도에 있어서는 유기물과 용존산소의 접촉기회에 있어 유리한 조건을 가진 SBR이 더 크게 나타났다. 그러나 탈질화 반응에 있어서는 SBBR이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. SBR의 경우 높은 $NO_3$의 존재로 인해 1차 비포기 기간중 인의 방출은 거의 발생하지 않았으나, SBBR의 경우 1차 비포기 기간에 인 방출과 1차 포기기간에 인 섭취가 일어났다.

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포기 시간 변경에 따른 SBR의 영양염류 제거 특성과 MLVSS에 관한 연구

  • Jeong, No-Seong;Park, Yeong-Sik;Kim, Dong-Seok
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.383-389
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    • 2007
  • 호기시간 변경에 따른 SBR에서의 영양염류제거특성과 MLVSS의 변화를 본 이번 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 충분하지 못한 산소의 공급은 미생물의 wash-out으로 인한 영양염류 제거 효율의 저조를 나타냈다. 2) 산소 공급량이 $0.045m^3$였던 R2에서 저조산 질산화가 나타났으나, 인을 과다 축적하는 EBPR(Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal)을 나타냈다. 3) 산소 공급량이 $0.06m^3$이상이었던 R3, R4에서는 60%이상의 질산화 및 탈질화와 약 100%에 달하는 인 제거 효율을 나타내었다. 4) 단위 미생물당 $1.5{\sim}1.8ml/mg$의 공급 산소량이 인 흡수에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 5) 공급되는 산소에 있어 유기물 분해>인흡수>질산화에 우선적으로 소모되는 것으로 나타났다.

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Reduction of the Nitrogen in the Secondary Effluent by the Hybrid Sequential Aerobic-Anoxic Natural System (자연현상을 이용한 질산화-탈질공정에 의한 하수처리장 유출수의 질소제거)

  • Kim, Young-Chul;Chung, Paul-Gene;An, Ik-Sung
    • Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.323-329
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, performance of a hybrid sequential aerobic-anaerobic natural system was investigated. Continuous aerobic and anoxic conditions were created by alternatively placing waste stabilization pond (WSP) and wale. hyacinth pond (WHP). Two pilot-scale treatment lines were built and operated; The first consists of WSP integrated with WHP and the second of WSP connected with Dark Pond(DP), namely control system ponds which were used to examine the effects of water hyacinth on nitrification and de-nitrification. The overall performance in nitrogen was 86% reduction in WSP-WHP and 36% in WSP-control pond system. Nitrogen was mostly removed by nitrification and de-nitrification which simultaneously occurred in the same water hyacinth ponds. For the de-nitrification, benthic layer was found out to be adequate support as a carbon source. In addition, WSP-WHP system was very effective in reducing phosphorus. Overall P removal efficiency in WSP-WHP is 81%, while it is only 16% in WSP-control. difference in phosphorus reduction between those two systems is thought to be caused by the plants and probably their roots producing extra-cellular materials, but these aspects need to be further studied.

Comparison of Pollutants Removal between the Intermittently Aerated Bioreactor(IABR) and Intermittently Aerated Membrane Bioreactor(IAMBR) (간헐포기공정과 막결합 간헐포기공정의 오염물질 제거특성 비교)

  • Choi, Chang Gyoo;Lee, Kwang Ho
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.26 no.1B
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    • pp.119-124
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was the comparison of pollutants removal and the track study of the nitrogen and phosphorus, the estimation of the nitrification and denitrification rate, and the investigation of the nitrogen mass balance between intermittently aerated membrane bioreactor(IAMBR) and intermittently aerated bioreactor(IABR), thus it verified the validity of the membrane submergence. As a result, it had no difference of organic matter removal, however, IAMBR showed better efficiency than IABR in the nutrients. Also, $NO_3{^-}$-N concentration at the anoxic state in the reactor was lower in IAMBR, and the denitrified nitrogen of IAMBR was 40.9%, that of IABR was 10.7%, thus it found out that the denitrification capability of IAMBR was higher than IABR above fourfold. Therefore, it seems resonable to conclude that the membrane helps to improve the removal of pollutants, because of the high MLSS concentration and the available method of intermittent inflow/outflow.

Isolation and characterization of denitrifying bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. (탈질능을 가진 Pseudoomonas sp.의 분리 및 특성)

  • Kim, Hyun-Kuk;Kim, Sung-Koo;Lee, Byung-Hun;Suk, Keun-Hack;Kong, In-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 1998
  • Pseudomonas sp. KH2-2 had the denitrifying ability adn was isolated from the denitrifier consortium in order to remove nitrogen compounds from waste water in aquaculture system. When this strain was reached stationary phase, it has the maxium denitrification activity. Denitrification activity of the isolated strain was shown the growth associated pattern. Optimal temperature for cell growth and denitrification activity was 40$\circ$C and optimal pH was 7.

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무산소-호기공정을 이용한 순환식 생물여과반응기에서 동시 질산화 및 탈질화의 특성 연구

  • Lee, Su-Cheol;Kim, Dong-Jin
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.04a
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    • pp.343-346
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    • 2000
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of influent $NH_4^{\;+}-N$ load, C/N ratio and superficial air velocity on the nitrogen removal efficiencies. Laboratory scale upflow biological aerated filter(BAF) was consisted of an anoxic-aerobic filter packed with porous ceramic media and operated with synthetic wastewater. BAFs requires less energy and space for the system when compared to conventional activated sludge process. The influent C/N ratios were varied from 0 to 1 by adjusting acetate. Various superficial air velocity had been applied to investigate aeration effect on nitrogen removal. The BAF reactor showed more than 90% average $NH_4^{\;+}-N$ removal efficiencies at $NH_4^{\;+}-N$ loading in the range of $0.26{\sim}1.33$ kg $NH_4^{\;+}-N/m^3{\cdot}d$ and 62% average T-N removal efficiencies at the C/N ratio of 1. Moreover, average T-N removal efficiencies increased as the superficial air velocity increased, because of the increase $NH_4^{\;+}-N$ removal efficiencies.

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A Study on the Operation Condition for Carbon-Nitrogen Removal in Wastewater and Sludge Reduction using PVA-gel Immobilized Microorganism (PVA-gel 미생물 고정화 담체를 이용한 고도하수처리 및 슬러지 감량화 운전조건 연구)

  • Lee, Jin-Sook;Park, Hyung-Whan;Nam, Duk-Hyun;Park, Chul-Hwi;Jung, In-Ho;Yoo, Young-Kwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.875-883
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    • 2006
  • The carbon and nitrogen removal process using PVA-gel (Polyvinyl Alcohol) immobilized microorganisms was studied. The process has been operated under diverse process conditions for 12 months. The process consists of denitrification with internal recycle of 300%, nitrification, aerobic digestion reactors and settling tank. Nitrificatoin and nitrogen removal efficiency according to gel packing ratio and temperature were studied. Yield for Heterotrophs ($Y_H$), decay coefficient for Heterotrophs($b_H$) in aerobic digestion reactor were determined to seize sludge reduction mechanism and compared with typical data of activated sludge process. Then SRT in aerobic digestion reactor was determined on an experimental basis and sludge reduction efficiency was calculated. The process was implemented successfully with sludge reduction efficiency of 92.0~98.5% on a basis of biomass.

Review of Nitrous Oxide Emission by Denitrification in Subsurface Soil Environment (심층토에 있어서 탈질화에 의한 $N_2 O$ 방출의 평가)

  • Chung Doug-Young;Jin Hyun-O;Lee Chaang-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.160-164
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    • 1999
  • Subsurface environments, including the intermediate vadose zone and aquifers, may be contributing to increased atmospheric concentrations of $N_2$O. Denitrification appears to be the major source of $N_2$O in the subsurface environment. In the intermediate vadose zone, the level of denitrifying activity is dependent on the soil morphology, particularly stratified layers within the soil profile, which impede water and solute movement and create conditions favorable for denitrification. Movement of organic C from the soil surface appears to support denitrifying activity by providing an energy source and increasing the consumption of $O_2$. Denitrirication and $N_2$O production have been observed in aquifers but appear to be of greatest significance in shallow unconfined aquifers. The lack of organic C, N $O_2$, or anaerobiosis is often a limiting factor for activity but seems to be site specific. The presence of denitrifying bacteria does not appear to be a major limitation, based on published results, but the ubiquity of denitrifiers in subsurface environments needs to be confirmed. The fate of the $N_2$O produced in subsurface environments is unknown. Transport of $N_2$O by up ward diffusion, by outgassing at contacts with surface waters, and by ground water use need to be quantified to determine the contribution to atmospheric $N_2$O. Contamination of subsurface environment with N $O_3$$^{ }$ and organics has the potential for increasing the contribution to atmospheric $N_2$O by enhancing denitrification .

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Evaluation of Kinetic Constant and Effect of Effluent Recycling in Wastewater Treatment from Fisheries Processing Plant using EMMC Process (EMMC공정을 이용한 수산물 가공공장 폐수처리에서 동력학적 인자 평가와 유출수반송의 영향)

  • Jeong, Byung-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009
  • EMMC(Entrapped Mixed Microbial Cell) process which is a kind of active cell immobilizing method was applied to treat fisheries processing wastewater biologically. Kinetic constants were calculated for organic and nitrogen removal and effect of effluent recycling on system performance was evaluated also. Yield coefficient, Y showed relatively low value compared with Y value obtained from conventional activated sludge process. It means that EMMC process can reduce amount of excess sludge significantly compared with conventional activated sludge process. Endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ of EMMC process also showed relatively low value compared with that of conventional activated sludge process. Yield coefficient Y, endogenous respiration coefficient $k_e$ and half saturation constant $k_s$ obtained from EMMC process in terms of nitrification were compared with reported value from literature based on suspended growth nitrification system. The value of Y obtained from this study has no difference compared with values obtained from literature review and $k_e$ of this study was low but $k_s$ of this study was high compared than values obtained from suspended growth nitrification system. To evaluate the effect of internal recycling on system performance, system was operated with internal recycling ratio of 1.5Q, 2.0Q, 2.5Q and 3.0Q. increase of internal recycling ratio effect more greatly on improvement of denitrification efficiency than that of nitrification efficiency. Accordingly, optimization of internal recycling ratio has to be based on improvement of anoxic reactor performance.

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