• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of transplanting methods on the growth and yield of paprika (Capsicumannuum L. 'Veyron' and 'Coletti') in coir culture during two seasons. The summer type sowed in late winter and harvested from summer and the winter type sowed in summer and harvested from early winter. Control plants grown on the 10cm rockwool block were transplanted on coir slab when the 8 leaves of seedlings were emerged, while plants of the young seedling transplanting(YST) grown on the 7cm rockwool block was put on the slab at time of 2-3 leaves developed. Plants of the temporary transplanting(TT) on the 10cm rockwool block were moved on the slab after 2-3 weeks underpinning cultivation, while plants of the blockless transplanting(BT) were directly transplanted in the slab when the seedlings have 2-3 leaves emerged. The plant height of the control and BT treatment were longer while that of TT showed the shortest among treatments. The bigger leaf size was observed in the YST and BT treatment. Leaf number of the BT treatment was increased, while that of TT was the lowest. There were no differences in fruit size, locules and thickness among treatments. The lower fruit weight was observed in the TT of the winter culture and fruits in the control and YST of the summer culture showed higher fruit weight. The percentage of marketable fruit appeared to be slightly higher in the winter culture than in the summer culture. There were no differences in marketable fruit rate among the treatments of the winter culture but, among the summer culture, the highest marketable fruit rate was observed in the BT with 93%. The yield of the YST and BT was higher and that of the TT was the lowest.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2013

Two types of onions cultivated with different methods of sulfur application (designated as S-1 and S-2) were examined for their physicochemical and sensory properties, and then compared with onions without sulfur application as a control. During cultivation, dietary sulfur methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) was sprayed on the leaves twice starting at 2 months before harvest, with one month intervals for S-1. For S-2, the MSM was applied once onto surface soils before sowing, and then once again on the leaves at 2 months before harvest. Thiosulfinate, a major sulfur-containing compound in onions, increased in the order of control, S-1, and S-2, without noticeable differences in the strength of spicy hot taste and flavor. The S-2 onions demonstrated a total reducing capacity three times higher than control and S-1 did. It indicates that the application of sulfur would positively affect the quality of onions under the condition where sufficient time is given for soil mineralization.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.478-487
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• 2013

Onions were treated with different amounts of sulfur (S) during cultivation and examined for their physicochemical properties and flavor. Onions cultivated without S application were the control group; the treatment groups were grown in soil that had been pretreated with S and received additional S applications or four times before harvest. As the number of S applications increased, the levels of crude protein, quantified with total nitrogen; ash, approximating total amounts of minerals; and dietary fiber of the onions tended to increase. The mineral compositions also improved, with noticeable increases in the levels of Mg, K, Fe, and Zn. In particular, the reducing capacity of the onions increased appreciably (p<0.05), without increases in the levels of S-containing compounds such as thiosulfinate or S-containing amino acids. Nevertheless, the spicy hot taste and flavor, which is generated mainly from S-containing compounds, were perceived more strongly in the onions that had received more S applications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.160-168
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• 2012

This study generated regression models to estimate the carbon storage and uptake from the urban deciduous landscape trees through a direct harvesting method, and established essential information to quantify carbon reduction from urban greenspace. Tree species for the study included Acer palmatum, Zelkova serrata, Prunus yedoensis, and Ginkgo biloba, which are usually planted as urban landscape trees. Tree individuals for each species were sampled reflecting various diameter sizes at a given interval. The study measured biomass for each part including the roots of sample trees to compute the total carbon storage per tree. Annual carbon uptake per tree was quantified by analyzing radial growth rates of stem samples at breast height. The study then derived a regression model easily applicable in estimating carbon storage and uptake per tree for the 4 species by using diameter at breast height(dbh) as an independent variable. All the regression models showed high fitness with $r^2$ values of 0.94~0.99. Carbon storage and uptake per tree and their differences between diameter classes increased as the diameter sizes got larger. The carbon storage and uptake tended to be greatest with Zelkova serrata in the same diameter sizes, followed by Prunus yedoensis and Ginkgo biloba in order. A Zelkova serrata tree with 15cm in dbh stored about 54kg of carbon and annually sequestered 7 kg, based on a regression model for the species. The study has broken new grounds to overcome limitations of the past studies which substituted, due to a difficulty in direct cutting and root digging of urban landscape trees, coefficients from the forest trees such as biomass expansion factors, ratios of below ground/above ground biomass, and diameter growth rates. Study results can be useful as a tool or skill to evaluate carbon reduction by landscape trees in urban greenspace projects of the government.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

This study generated regression models to quantify storage and annual uptake of carbon from five native landscape tree species through a direct harvesting method, and established essential information to estimate carbon reduction effects from urban greenspaces. Tree species for the study included the Chionanthus retusus, Prunus armeniaca, Abies holophylla, Cornus officinalis, and Taxus cuspidata, which are usually planted in cities of middle Korea, but for which no information on carbon reduction is available. Ten tree individuals for each species were sampled reflecting various stem diameter sizes at a given interval. The study measured biomass for each part including the roots of sample trees to compute total carbon storage per tree. The annual carbon uptake per tree was quantified by analyzing the radial growth rates of stem samples at breast height or ground level. Regression models were developed using diameter at breast height (dbh) or ground level (dg) as an independent variable to easily estimate storage and annual uptake of carbon per tree for each species. All the regression models showed high fitness with $r^2$ values of 0.92~0.99. Storage and annual uptake of carbon from a tree with dbh of 10 cm were greatest with C. retusus (20.0 kg and 5.9 kg/yr, respectively), followed by P. armeniaca (17.5 kg and 4.5 kg/yr) and A. holophylla (13.2kg and 1.8 kg/yr) in order. A C. officinalis tree and T. cuspidata tree with dg of 10 cm stored 9.3 and 6.3 kg of carbon and annually sequestered 3.2 and 0.6 kg, respectively. The above-mentioned carbon storage equaled the amount of carbon emitted from gasoline consumption of about 23~35 L for C. retusus, P. armeniaca, and A. holophylla, and 11~16 L for C. officinalis and T. cuspidata. A tree with the diameter size of 10 cm annually offset carbon emissions from gasoline use of about 6~10 L for C. retusus, P. armeniaca, and C. officinalis, and 1~3 L for A. holophylla and T. cuspidata. The study breaks new ground to easily quantify biomass and carbon reduction for the tree species by overcoming difficulties in direct cutting and root digging of urban landscape trees.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2000

For analyzing the direct contamination pathway of radionudides in rice plants, a Solution containing $^{54}Mn,\;^{57}Co,\;^{85}Sr,\;^{103}Ru$ and $^{134}Cs$ was applied to the aboveground Parts of the between RI application and harvest. Its highest observed value was 0.94. The fractions of the initial plant deposition that remained in rice plants at harvest were in the range of $19{\sim}47%,\;17{\sim}43%,\;19{\sim}42%,\;23{\sim}61%$ and $11{\sim}69%$ for $^{54}Mn,\;^{57}Co,\;^{85}Sr,\;^{103}Ru$ and $^{134}Cs$, respectively, when no decay was assumed. The translocation factors of those radionuclides in hulled seeds were in the range of $6.9{\times}10^{-4}3.8{\times}10^{-2},\;3.6{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1.6{\times}10^{-1},\;5.8{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}3.2{\sim}10^{-2},\;1.6{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}7.6{\times}10^{-3}$ and $3.2{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}2.0{\times}10^{-1}$, respertively, and were highest when they were applied at the stage of active seed development. It was indicated that the remaining percentage and translocation factor would not be greatly affected by the difference in the rain frequency if it is within a factor of 2. These results can be utilzed for predicting the radionuclide concentrations in rice seeds when an accidental deposition of those radionuclides occurs during the rice-growing season.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

This study aimed to compare the growth and production of paprika (Capsicum annuum) planted directly on a coir substrate slab according to the bending methods. The existing root direction was bent to 0° (I-type), 90° (L-type), and 180° (U-type), respectively. The weekly average growth such as stem length, diameter, and leaf area tended to be the highest in the I-type bending, but there was no statistical difference. Root weight at 46 weeks after planting was also about 1.3 to 1.7 times heavier in the I-type than the L- and U-type bending. As the yield produced by 330 plants by bending methods, the initial yield was the highest in the U-bending, but then the highest in the I-bending. Accordingly, the total yield was the highest in I-bending. Consequently, when planting on coir substrates directly in paprika cultivation, the I-type bending should be considered most suitable for securing root and plant vigor in the early stages of planting and for enhancing fruiting stability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.759-759
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• 2012

하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용 사업은 물 재이용 기본계획의 일환으로 수행되고 있다. 재이용방식은 직접재이용과 간접재이용으로 구분할 수 있으며 2020년까지 56개 하수처리시설에서 총 106,388 천$m^3$/년의 농업용수를 직접재이용할 계획이다. 하지만 대부분의 경우 간접재이용의 형식으로 하수처리수를 농업용수로 이용하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 하수처리수의 농업용수 간접재이용에 따른 작물생육, 수질, 그리고 토양환경에 미치는 영향을 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구를 위해 수원시 환경사업소와 오산시 환경사업소 하류 지역을 간접재이용 사례지구로 선정하고, 용인 이동저수지를 관개용수로 하는 청정지역을 대비구로 선정하였다. 각 지구별로 수량 구성요소 및 수확량 특성, 그리고 벼의 영양염류 및 중금속 함량 등의 유해성분을 분석하였으며, 관개수질과 논토양의 성분을 모니터링 하였다. 모니터링 결과를 통해 간접재이용 사례지구의 환경영향을 평가하여 수질기준을 정립하고 간접재이용시스템을 개발하는데 있어 기초적인 자료를 제공할 것이라 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 1995

Residues of benfuresate in rice and oxolinic acid in Chinese cabbage were determined through the field experiments in order to establish the safe use and the maximum residue limit(MRL) of these pesticides in Korea. The herbicide benfuresate powder was sprayed into the paddy field with a level of 0.6kg(active ingredient)/ha and rice (Oryza sativa L.) was grown. At harvest, residues of benfuresate in brown rice and stem were analyzed using gas chromatograph. The residue of oxolinic acid in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var pekinesis MAKINO) was analyzed using HPLC after foliar-spraying this fungicide into the cabbages at a level of 15kg/ha. The recovery efficiencies of benfuresate and oxolinic acid were 87-89% and 90-95%, respectively. The respective residues of benfuresate in rice and oxolinic acid in Chinese cabbage were in the range of 0.27-0.46 mg/kg and 0.23-1.53kg/kg. Residual concentrations of these pesticides in crops increased with the increased application frequencies, followed the first-order kinetics and linearly decreased with time. The highest residue of 1.53 mg/kg of oxolinic acid was observed when this fungicide was sprayed six times until three days prior to harvest, but this level was far lower t㏊n 5 mg/kg, which is the maximum residue limit(MRL) set by FAO/WHO.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the facilities, cultivation, postharvest management, and distribution status of 27 cut chrysanthemum farms in Korea. The 60% of farms have cultivated the cut chrysanthemum using soil fertigation system in the PE plastic house. In Jeonnam and Busan provinces, Standard type of chrysanthemum was cultivated mainly than spray type of chrysanthemumJeoas. Most farms have been producing the rooted cuttings by plug system using cuttings self-propagated or purchased from the company, but farms in Jeonnam have been planting cuttings directly on cultivation bed. And the 66.6% of cut chrysanthemum farms have been pretreating with dipping in hot water or tap water after harvesting. Precooling was not performed on 70.4% of the farms, and precooling farms have been mainly conducted at temperature of $2-4^{\circ}C$. After harvesting, 70.4% of the farms stored the cut flowers at $2-4^{\circ}C$ for more than 48 hours to control the distribution volume. Cut chrysanthemum was graded mainly by individuals before distribution, and some export farmers have been conducting the cooperative grading. In distribution, all farms have distributed the cut flowers to the domestic markets, and 44.4% of these farms have been also exporting. The 63.0% of farms distributed to domestic market have been trading with flower auction sites.