• Title/Summary/Keyword: 지역에너지공급시스템

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Actual Energy Consumption Analysis on Temperature Control Strategies (Set-point Control, Outdoor Temperature Reset Control and Outdoor Temperature Predictive Control) of Secondary Side Hot Water of District Heating System (지역난방 2차측 공급수 온도 제어방안(설정온도 제어, 외기온 보상제어, 외기온 예측제어)에 따른 에너지사용량 실증 비교)

  • Cho, Sung-Hwan;Hong, Seong-Ki;Lee, Sang-Jun
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.137-145
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    • 2015
  • In this study, the actual energy consumption of the secondary side of District Heating System (DHS) with different hot water supply temperature control methods are compared. Three methods are Set-point Control, Outdoor Temperature Reset Control and Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control. While Outdoor Temperature Reset Control has been widely used for energy savings of the secondary side of the system, the results show that Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control method saves more energy. In general, Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control method lowers the supply temperature of hot water, and it reduces standby losses and increases overall heat transfer value of heated spaces due to more flow into the space. During actual energy consumption monitoring, Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control method saves about 7.1% in comparison to Outdoor Temperature Reset Control method and about 15.7% in comparison to Set-point Control method. Also, it is found that at when partial load condition, such as daytime, the fluctuation of hot water supply temperature with Set-point Control is more severe than Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control. Therefore, it proves that Outdoor Temperature Prediction Control is more stable even at the partial load conditions.

Feed System Modeling of Railroad using Fuel Cell Power Generation System (연료전지 발전시스템을 이용한 철도급전계통 모델링)

  • Yoon, Yongho
    • The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.195-200
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    • 2020
  • With the growing interest in fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution, railroad cars operating in Korea are in progress as the conversion from diesel to electric vehicles expands. The photovoltaic system, which is applied as an example of the conversion of electric vehicles, is infinite and pollution-free, and can produce energy without generating hazards such as air pollution, noise, heat, and vibration, and maintain fuel transportation and power generation facilities. There is an advantage that is rarely needed. However, the amount of electricity produced depends on the amount of solar radiation by region, and the energy density is low due to the power generation of about 25㎡/ kWp, so a large installation area is required and the installation place has limited problems. In view of these problems, many studies have been applied to fuel cells in the railway field. In particular, the plan to link the fuel cell power generation system railroad power supply system must be linked to the power supply system that supplies power to the railroad, unlike solar and wind power. Therefore, it has a close relationship with railroad cars and the linkage method can vary greatly depending on the system topology. Therefore, in this paper, we study the validity through simulation modeling related to linkage analysis according to system topology.

Current and Future Operation of Menu Management in the School Foodservices of Chungbuk (1) - Menu Planning - (충북지역 학교급식 영양(교)사의 식단관리 운영실태 및 개선방안(1) - 식단계획 -)

  • Ahn, Yoon-Ju;Lee, Young-Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.8
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    • pp.1118-1133
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    • 2012
  • This research aimed to suggest an efficient improvement plan for school food services by investigating the operating situation and recognition of menu management in school food services for school food service dietitians (and nutrition teachers) in Chungbuk. A total of 328 questionnaires were distributed to school food service dietitians (and nutrition teachers) in Chungbuk by e-mail in September, 2010. A total of 265 questionnaires (80.8%) were used for the analysis. The highest allocation of nutrients and calories per day in school food services was 1:1.5:1.5 (breakfast : lunch : dinner) (38.5%). The reasoning for applying a flexible allocation of nutrients and calories per day was 'considering the ratio of students who do not eat breakfast' (59.2%). And the way to apply the flexible allocation for nutrients and calories per day was 'by agreement from the school operating committee in arbitrary data without situation surveys' (86 respondents, 49.4%), and 'by agreement from the school operating committee in analysis data through situation surveys' (80 respondents, 46.0%). The operational method of standardized recipes was 'cooking management site of national education information systems' (87.5%) and the items included in standardized recipes were menu name, food material name, portion size, cooking method, nutrition analysis, and critical control point in HACCP. The main reason for not utilizing all items of a cooking management site of the national education information system was 'no big trouble in menu management even though it is used partly (29.1%). In addition, the highest use of standardized recipe was for 'maintaining consistency of food production quantity' (74.0%).

Beach Resort Formation and Development Processes by Fabric Construction in an Island Environment (구조물 축조에 의한 도서지역 해수욕장의 발달과정에 관한 연구 -완도군 보길면 지역을 사례로-)

  • 박의준;황철수
    • Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.474-482
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the formation and development processes of beach resort by fabric construction in a island environment. The results are as follows. (1) The research area(Tong-ri beach, Bokil-myon, Chollanam-do)has been transformed to belch by sedimentary environmental change since latter half of 1800's. (2) The mean slope of beach face is 0.96°, and the difference of attitude between beach and mud flat face is 75cm. (3) The mean particle size of beach surface sediment is 3.53$\Phi$. This value is very finer than that of any other beach in Korea peninsula. But its value is coarser than that of mud flat surface sediment. (4) The particle size distribution of core sediment is become changed to fine particle in 70cm depth. This value is corresponded to difference of altitude between beach face and mud flat face. (5) The analysis of aerial photographs after 1970 indicates that sedimentation process was not brisked since 1970's. Consequently, the research ares has been developed by sedimentary environmental change for sea-level rise effect and wave height energy rise effect.

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Development and Economic Effect of Integrated Optimum Operation System using Wide Area Energy (광역에너지이용 통합 최적화 운전 시스템 개발 및 경제적 효과)

  • Lee, Hoon;Kim, Lae-Hyun;Chang, Won-Seok
    • Journal of Energy Engineering
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.221-229
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    • 2009
  • This study develops the optimized operation program which enables effective and economic operation between individual and connected branch offices by analyzing the current status and influential indicators of district heating companies' capital branch offices. Accordingly, the study examines the efficiency of optimized operation program. In doing so, this study has diagnosed and analyzed various factors, such as boilers, pumps, and relevant tags (temperature, pressure, fuel amount) through investigation of individual branch offices, and finally succeeded in developing wide-ranging data base by factor covering one-year time period. Additionally, after running the optimized operation program, different branch offices, optimum preference has turned out "incinerator receiving heat from KEPCO>CHP >PLBs>PLBw." Meantime, except the connected offices, there has been no big difference between actual and optimum operation program in branch offices. Meanwhile, the integrated optimum operation program has made it possible the most optimal result only via the connecting supply and demand heat without changing received Heat from KEPCO which is the same as total productive heat. The result has showed that the reduction percentage per day is 2.45~6.80%, and the reduction cost per day is 22,727~60,077 thousand won given the randomly selected sample days. In particular, winter time shows the highest demand with the largest reduction cost whereas summer time illustrates the lowest demand with the smallest reduction cost. Given this result, reduction cost per year compared to actual heat production cost for one year theoretically would be 84 hundred million won. Also, the economic effect showed that the reduction cost percentage per year is more than 2.74% on heat production cost per year for all capital branch offices.

Sulfur Isotope Composition of Seafloor Hydrothermal Vents in the Convergent Plate Boundaries of the Western Pacific: A Role of Magma on Generation of Hydrothermal Fluid (서태평양 지판소멸대의 해저열수분출구에서 관찰되는 황동위원소 조성변화: 열수 생성의 다양성과 마그마의 역할)

  • Kim, Jong-Uk;Moon, Jai-Woon;Lee, Kyeong-Yong;Lee, In-Sung
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.45 no.2
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    • pp.145-156
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    • 2012
  • Seafloor hydrothermal system occurs along the volcanic mid-ocean ridge, back-arc spreading center, and other submarine volcanic regions. The hydrothermal system is one of the fundamental processes controlling the transfer of energy and matter between crust/mantle and ocean; it forms hydrothermal vents where various deepsea biological communities are inhabited and precipitates metal sulfide deposits. Hydrothermal systems at convergence plate boundaries show diverse geochemical properties due to recycle of subducted material compared to simple systems at mid-ocean ridges. Sulfur isotopes can be used to evaluate such diversity in generation and evolution of hydrothermal system. In this paper, we review the sulfur isotope composition and geochemistry of hydrothermal precipitates sampled from several hydrothermal vents in the divergent plate boundaries in the western Pacific region. Both sulfide and sulfate minerals of the hydrothermal vents in the arc and backarc tectonic settings commonly show low sulfur isotope compositions, which can be attributed to input of magmatic $SO_2$ gas. Diversity in geochemistry of hydrothermal system suggests an active role of magma in the formation of seafloor hydrothermal system.

Development of a reuse system for agricultural purpose with wastewater in Youljung, Jeju Island (제주 월정 농업용수재이용시스템 개발)

  • Lee, Kwang-Ya;Kim, Hae-Do;Joo, Jin-Hun
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.470-470
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    • 2011
  • 환경부 하수재이용사업은 2007년도 하수도법 개정을 통해 공공하수처리시설 처리수의 재이용 의무화를 시작으로 2010년도 "물의 재이용 촉진 및 지원에 관한 법률"의 시행으로 전국적으로 사업이 확대되고 있다. 제주도 월정하수처리장은 2009년도 하수재이용사업지구로 선정이 되어 2010년도부터 농업용목적의 재이용으로 구체적인 설계와 시공이 추진되고 있는 사업지구이다. 제주도에서는 지하수보존을 위해 대체수자원 개발 방안을 시급히 마련중에 있다. 특히, 제주도 농업용수 종합계획수립(제주도, 2004)에는 하수처리수를 농업용수로 이용하기 위한 계획을 수립할 정도로 지하수 사용량을 줄이기 위한 노력을 진행중에 있으며, 그 일환으로 하수재이용사업을 지속적으로 추진하고 있다. 하수처리수의 농업용수 재이용은 사용된 물을 재이용함으로써 물과 에너지를 절약할 수 있고, 유역 또는 해양으로 배출되는 오염원을 억제하는 장점이 있는 반면에 농산물 생육에 직접 영향을 줄뿐만 아니라 주변의 수질 생태 토양 환경 및 영농인의 보건에도 영향을 주기 때문에 장기적인 관찰과 검증작업이 필요하다. 이 에 서울대와 한국농어촌공사는 안전한 농업용수 재이용기술을 개발하기 위해 장기간 현장시험을 통해 재이용 재배기술과 함께 보건환경에 미치는 영향을 검증하였고 그 개발기술을 월정사업지구에 적용하게 되었다. 월정하수처리장이 위치한 제주 동부의 월정지역은 농지면적이 밭(374ha)과 과수(12ha)등 제주도의 전형적인 농촌마을으로 주요 재배작물은 마늘과 당근, 쪽파, 콩 등으로서 농업기반시설의 미비로 영농에 어려움을 호소하고 있으며, 2006년도에 발생한 가뭄으로 그 해 평균 수학량의 30%가 감소된 바 있는 지역이다. 제주도 농업용수 종합계획수립(2004, 제주도)에서는 10년에 한발을 기준 으로 $43,000m^3$/일의 용수가 부족할 것으로 분석하였으며 최근 $35,000m^3$/day 규모의 상수도 확보사업 계획 수립하였으나 여전히 농업용수가 부족하다. 방류수의 수질은 방류수수질기준을 만족하지만 염분함량이 높아 직접 농업용으로 사용하기에는 적당하기 않고, 농업용재이용방류수 수질기준에 맞도록 재이용시스템을 통해 재처리하여 농업용수로 사용해야 한다. 제주도에서는 이미 제주 서부하수처리장 농업용수 재이용사업(이하 판포재이용사업)'이 완료되어 재이용수를 농업용수로 공급하고 있으며 향후 지속적으로 하수재이용사업이 확대될 것으로 판단된다.

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A Study on Water Quality Management on Urban Water Circulating System in the New City (신도시 내 물순환시스템 구축 및 수질관리 연구)

  • Ahn, Chang-Hyuk;Joo, Jin-Chul;Kwon, Jae-Hyeong;Song, Ho-Myeon;Ahn, Ho-Sang
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.743-743
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    • 2012
  • 최근 국내에서는 저탄소 녹색도시 조성의 일환으로 도시의 환경오염과 기후변화의 문제의 원인이 되고 있는 탄소 배출을 억제하고 고유가 시대에 에너지저감을 동시에 고려하는 저탄소 도시 조성을 통해 기후변화 시대에 대응을 추진하고 있다(국토해양부, 2009). 이러한 결과로 최근 도시내 물순환시스템(urban water circulating system or blue-network)의 구축이 요구되며 이는 자연의 생태 기능을 복원하고 오염부하를 저감하여 도시 환경의 건강성과 지속성 향상에 기여한다. 이러한 도시물순환시스템은 시민의 휴식 및 문화 공간, 도심열섬현상 완화, 재해방지, 생물서식공간(biotope) 제공 등의 기본적인 기능 이외에도 탄소배출 감소, 우수 저류공간 확보, 지하수위 유지, 비상용수 확보, 대기오염물질의 집진제거, 습지보전 및 생물종 다양성 확보 등의 주요 기능을 수행할 수 있기 때문에 구도심의 재개발 또는 신도시 개발 시 도시 어메니티(amenity) 증진에 널리 적용되고 있다(서울시정개발연구원 2003; 한국토지공사 2003). 남한산성을 포함하는 청량산 계곡수를 발원지로서, 공간적 범위는 장지천과 창곡천을 따라 약 3.5 km 서쪽으로 흘러 탄천에 이르기까지의 물길축(blue-network)를 기반으로 하며 총면적은 $6.8km^2$ 으로 서울, 성남, 하남의 3개 행정구역에 걸쳐있다. 내용적 범위는 현황조사(개발 컨셉, 하천분포현황, 인접지역 연계, 수질), 수량 및 수질 확보방안(물수지분석, 다중 수원 확보방안, 목표수질 설정, 부영양화 가능성 평가), 물순환시스템 구축(소하천 등과 연계 방안), 유지관리 방안의 순서로 진행하여 기본계획을 도출하였다. 현황조사 결과 본 사업대상지는 장지천, 창곡천, 학암천 등 3개 소하천이 서쪽의 탄천과 연결되어 있으며 동쪽은 산지로 청량산이 인접하기에, 주변 자연지형을 최대한 고려하여 물순환시스템을 계획하였다. 하천 유량은 기존 환경영향평가서, 하천 연계방안, 신도시 조성 관련기준 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 하류에서 각각 장지천 $10,087m^3/d$, 창곡천 $7,103m^3/d$, 복우천 $5,530m^3/d$ 의 유지용수량을 산정하였다. 도시 친수공간 확보와 어메니티 향상을 위해 지구내 수로(휴먼링)을 조성하여 장지천, 창곡천과 연계하였으며 주요 유지용수는 저탄소 녹색도시 건설에 부합하도록 우수을 활용한 함양지 및 계곡수로 조성 계획하였다. 또한, 인접한 장지천 및 창곡천 등 소하천은 지속적인 유량공급 및 양질의 수질을 확보하기 위해서 하상여과수를 검토 후 제안하였다.

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Design Guidlines of Geothermal Heat Pump System Using Standing Column Well (수주지열정(SCW)을 이용한 천부지열 냉난방시스템 설계지침)

  • Hahn, Jeong-Sang;Han, Hyuk-Sang;Hahn, Chan;Kim, Hyong-Soo;Jeon, Jae-Soo
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.39 no.5 s.180
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    • pp.607-613
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    • 2006
  • For the reasonable use of low grade-shallow geothermal energy by Standing Column Well(SCW) system, the basic requirements are depth-wise increase of earth temperature like $2^{\circ}C$ per every 100m depth, sufficient amount of groundwater production being about 10 to 30% of the design flow rate of GSHP with good water quality and moderate temperature, and non-collapsing of borehole wall during reinjection of circulating water into the SCW. A closed loop type-vertical ground heat exchanger(GHEX) with $100{\sim}150m$ deep can supply geothermal energy of 2 to 3 RT but a SCW with $400{\sim}500m$ deep can provide $30{\sim}40RT$ being equivalent to 10 to 15 numbers of GHEX as well requires smaller space. Being considered as an alternative of vertical GHEX, many numbers of SCW have been widely constructed in whole country without any account for site specific hydrogeologic and geothermal characteristics. When those are designed and constructed under the base of insufficient knowledges of hydrgeothermal properties of the relevant specific site as our current situations, a bad reputation will be created and it will hamper a rational utilization of geothermal energy using SCW in the near future. This paper is prepared for providing a guideline of SCW design comportable to our hydrogeothermal system.

A Study for the Methodology of Analyzing the Operation Behavior of Thermal Energy Grids with Connecting Operation (열 에너지 그리드 연계운전의 운전 거동 특성 분석을 위한 방법론에 관한 연구)

  • Im, Yong Hoon;Lee, Jae Yong;Chung, Mo
    • KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2012
  • A simulation methodology and corresponding program based on it is to be discussed for analyzing the effects of the networking operation of existing DHC system in connection with CHP system on-site. The practical simulation for arbitrary areas with various building compositions is carried out for the analysis of operational features in both systems, and the various aspects of thermal energy grids with connecting operation are highlighted through the detailed assessment of predicted results. The intrinsic operational features of CHP prime movers, gas engine, gas turbine etc., are effectively implemented by realizing the performance data, i.e. actual operation efficiency in the full and part loads range. For the sake of simplicity, a simple mathematical correlation model is proposed for simulating various aspects of change effectively on the existing DHC system side due to the connecting operation, instead of performing cycle simulations separately. The empirical correlations are developed using the hourly based annual operation data for a branch of the Korean District Heating Corporation (KDHC) and are implicit in relation between main operation parameters such as fuel consumption by use, heat and power production. In the simulation, a variety of system configurations are able to be considered according to any combination of the probable CHP prime-movers, absorption or turbo type cooling chillers of every kind and capacity. From the analysis of the thermal network operation simulations, it is found that the newly proposed methodology of mathematical correlation for modelling of the existing DHC system functions effectively in reflecting the operational variations due to thermal energy grids with connecting operation. The effects of intrinsic features of CHP prime-movers, e.g. the different ratio of heat and power production, various combinations of different types of chillers (i.e. absorption and turbo types) on the overall system operation are discussed in detail with the consideration of operation schemes and corresponding simulation algorithms.