• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2018

현대사회에서 스트레스, 환경오염 등으로 인하여 중년남성의 전유물로 여겨져 왔던 탈모가 젊은 사람들에게서도 나타나며, 탈모로 고민하는 인구가 약 700만 명 이상으로 추산되고 계속해서 증가하는 추세이다. 우리나라 탈모관련 시장은 현재 약 4조원 규모이며 지속적인 성장세에 있으며, 주로 한약재등 천연추출물을 혼합하여 제품화하였다. 본 연구에서는 어성초, 금잔화 70% 에탄올 추출물을 이용하여 천연발모제 소재화를 목적으로 섬유아세포, 모유두세포, 지방전구세포에 대한 세포독성 및 지방전구세포 분화를 통한 발모 효능을 확인하여 약용작물을 이용한 향장품 소재화를 시도하고자 한다. 섬유아세포에 각 시료에 대한 세포 독성을 확인한 결과는 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물을 50, 100, $500{\mu}g/mL$으로 처리하였을 때 107.3%, 109.6%, 128.2%로 세포 생존율이 증가하였다. 모유두세포에 대한 각 시료의 세포 독성은 나타나지 않았으며, 모발의 생육을 촉진하는 혈소판에서 유래하는 성장인자를 분비하여 모발 재생에 효과를 나타내는 지방전구 세포의 지방 분화 확인 결과 금잔화와 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물을 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도로 처리하였을 때 각각 104.3%, 103.9%의 분화율을 나타내었고, 어성초 출물의 경우 처리 농도의 증가에 따라 지방분화율이 유의적으로 크게 증가하였다. 본 연구를 통해 육모용 모발제품 소재 개발을 위한 생약초 자원들의 in-vitro 육모활성관련 실험 결과 어성초와 금잔화는 각 세포에 대한 독성을 나타내지 않았으며, 어성초 70% 에탄올 추출물은 지방전구세포를 자극하여 지방 분화를 유도하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 어성초와 금잔화 70% 에탄올 추출물은 탈모관련 향장품 개발 소재로 높은 가능성을 가지고 있는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2010

The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of sex steroid hormones (estrogen, testosterone and 19-nortestosterone) on proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes of female and male pigs. The preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of new-born female and male pigs by collagenase digestion and cultured in the $CO_2$ incubator. The concentration of $10^{-7}M$ and 10-6M sex steroid hormones were treated to the cultured preadipocytes. Regarding the effects on preadipocytes proliferation, high concentration ($10^{-6}M$) of all the three hormones increased proliferation of female preadipocytes,and only estrogen and testosterone increased proliferation of male preadipocytes. Regarding the effects on preadipocyte differentiation, all the three hormones increased differentiation of pig preadipocytes, regardless of hormone concentrations and sex of preadipocytes. The degree of stimulation of cell differentiation by sex steroid hormones was greater than that of cell proliferation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2013

The current study was carried out to determine the effects of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) on proliferation and differentiation of pig preadipocytes and $_3T_3-L_1$ cells. Pig preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of the new-born pigs. Twenty-four hours after seeding, the cells were washed with DMEM/F-12 (designated day 0). To measure the cell proliferation, the cells were treated with 25 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml ethanol extracts of Kohlrabi (peel and flesh) for two days (day 0 ~ 2). To measure differentiation, the cells were treated with Kohlrabi for two days (day 0 ~ 2) and cell differentiation was measured on day 6. Twenty-five ng/ml and 100 ng/ml of Kohlrabi peel decreased proliferation of pig preadipocytes by 4.59% and 17.7%, respectively, compared with the control and Kohlrabi flesh by 11.4% and 19.2%, respectively. However, Kohlrabi did not inhibit cell differentiation. To measure the effects of Kohlrabi on proliferation and differentiation of $_3T_3-L_1$ cells, the cells were treated with Kohlrabi for two days in culture, like pig preadipocytes. Kohlrabi (both peel and flesh) did not show any effects on cell proliferation and differentiation. In summary, the results of the current study showed that Kohlrabi decreased proliferation of pig preadipocytes, but no inhibitory effects on differentiation of the cells. Kohlrabi had no effects on proliferation and differentiation of $_3T_3-L_1$ cells.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2022

Obesity is known as a metabolic disease caused by abnormal differentiation of fat tissue due to an imbalance between energy intake and consumption.. The purpose of this study was to confirm the changes in the genes associated with pancreatic lipase activity and pre-adipocyte cell differentiation by treatment of red onion extract treatment. The effect of red onion extract treatment on pre-adipocyte differentiation was evaluated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the activity of related genes was confirmed through Real-Time PCR. As a result of the experiment, the red onion extract inhibit pancreatic lipidase activity by concentration dependent manner. In addition, it was found to inhibit adipocyte differentiation and inhibit the activity of genes(C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, PPAR-γ) associated with adipocyte differentiation. Through the results of this experiment, it is suggested that the red onion extract can be developed as a high potential material with anti-obesity efficacy by suppressing adipocytic differentiation by controlling genes related to adipocyte differentiation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.593-598
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• 2007

The current study was undertaken to determine the effects of sex steroid hormones(estrogen, testosterone and 19-nortestosterone) on differentiation and proliferation of pig preadipocytes. The preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of new-born female pigs by collagenase digestion. 10－8M and 10－7M sex steroid hormones were treated to the cultured preadipocytes. Sex steroid hormones treated during the early stage of cell growth did not affect differentiation and proliferation of preadipocytes. However, testosterone and 19- nortestosterone treated during the late stage of cell growth stimulated differentiation of pig preadipocytes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.475-484
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• 2008

The current study was undertaken to determine the effect of retinoic acid(RA) on differentiation and gene expression of pig preadipocytes. The preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of the new-born pigs. RA was treated to the cultured cells for 4 days and RNA was extracted from the cells. Isolated RNA went through in situ hybridization using the 14,688-gene cDNA microarray chip. Degree of cell differentiation was determined by measuring glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. RA decreased differentiation of pig preadipocytes by 78%. Fourteen genes were significantly up-regulated by RA, including genes known to be involved in lipid metabolism, particulary sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase, apolipoprotein R precursor, growth factor receptor-bound protein 14, retinoic acid receptor RXR gamma. However, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D precursor and growth hormone receptor precursor genes playing a central role in cell growth, was greatly decreased. These results suggest that RA inhibits differentiation of pig preadiocytes by regulation of gene expression of the growth factor or growth hormone receptor.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.649-656
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• 2008

The current study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) on proliferation and differentiation of pig preadipocytes. The preadipocytes were isolated from the backfat of new-born female pigs and cultured in serum-deprived medium in the presence and absence of recombinant native IGFs or recombinant mutant IGFs that have reduced affinity for binding to both type-1 IGF receptors and insulin receptors. Fifty ng/ml of either IGF-I, [Leu60]IGF-I, IGF-Ⅱ or [Leu27]IGF-Ⅱ were included in the media in which preadipocytes were cultured for 4 days. IGF-I, [Leu60]IGF-I, IGF-Ⅱ and [Leu27]IGF-Ⅱ stimulated proliferation of pig preadipocytes by 39%, 8%, 25% and 2% respectively, as measured by increased numbers of cells. This indicates that both IGF-I and -II promote replication of pig preadipocytes by actions mediated either by type-1 IGF receptor or insulin receptor. IGF-I, [Leu60]IGF-I, IGF-Ⅱ and [Leu27]IGF-Ⅱ stimulated differentiation of pig preadipocytes by 50%, 17%, 37% and 30%, respectively, measured as glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity. Reducing the affinity of IGF-I for type-1 IGF receptors or insulin receptors significantly reduced the differentiation response. However, the differentiation response to [Leu27]IGF-II was not significantly different from the response to IGF-II. This shows that IGF-I and IGF-Ⅱ promote cell differentiation by different receptor-mediated mechanisms. IGF-II promotes differentiation of pig preadipocytes by actions that do not involve either type-1 IGF receptors or insulin receptors. These actions therefore appear to be mediated by binding of IGF-II to type-2 IGF receptors(also known as cation-independendent mannose-6-phosphate receptor[CIM6P/IGF2 receptor]). This is the first study to find evidence that IGF-II promotes differentiation of preadipocytes from any animal species by actions mediated by CIM6P/IGF2 receptors. In summary, this study shows that IGF-I and IGF-Ⅱ promote differentiation of pig preadipocytes by mechanisms that involve different cellular receptors.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.441-449
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to compare the biological activities of whole-plant (WAE), bulb (BAE), and leaf (LAE) extracts of Allium macrostemon. The antioxidant activities, total polyphenol contents, and anti-adipogenic activities of WAE and LAE were superior to those of BAE, whereas the biological effects of WAE and LAE were similar. Therefore, the effect of LAE on adipogenesis was further investigated. Treatment of preadipocytes with LAE at 100 g/mL resulted in the inhibition of intracellular lipid accumulation by 49.64%. Consistent with this result, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR showed that LAE treatment decreased the gene expressions of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), C/EBPα and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Thus, LAE attenuates the adipogenesis of preadipocytes by suppressing the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes. These results suggest that LAE can be potentially useful as a functional ingredient to prevent obesity in the food industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.798-803
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• 2014

Cathepsin D (CtsD), an aspartyl peptidase, is involved in apoptosis, resulting in the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria in cells. Here, we investigated microRNA regulation of CtsD expression in 3T3-L1 cells First, we observed the expression of CtsD in cells in response to doxorubicin (Dox). As expected, the level of CtsD mRNA was increased in 3T3-L1 cells exposed to Dox in a dose-dependent manner. Cellular viability of ectopically expressed CtsD cells was also decreased. Next, we used the miRanda program to search for particular microRNA targeting CtsD. MiR-145 was selected as a putative controller for CtsD because miR-145 had a high mirSVR score. In a reporter assay, the luciferase activity of cells containing the CtsD 3'-UTR region was decreased in cells transfected with miR-145 mimic compared to that of a control. The level of CtsD expression was down-regulated in preadipocytes ectopically expressing miR-145 and up-regulated by an miR-145 inhibitor. Cells also suppressed miR-145 expression when exposed to Dox. The miR-145 inhibitor reduced the cellular viability of 3T3-L1 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR-145 regulates CtsD-mediated cell death in adipocytes. These findings may have valuable implications concerning the molecular mechanism of CtsD-mediated cell death in obesity, suggesting that CtaD could be a useful therapeutic tool for the prevention and treatment of obesity by regulating fat cell numbers.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1152-1158
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• 2019

Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey is used in home remedy for colic and gastritis in South Korea. Although Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey is used extensively for home remedies, no single study on its efficacy exists. In this study, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey. The anti-obesity effect of a 70% ethanol extract from Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to adipocytes was investigated with an Oil Red O assay, western blot analysis, and mRNA analysis. Compared to the control (only treated with DM), the 70% ethanol extract of Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and intracellular triglyceride (TG) levels at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$. To determine how the TG content was reduced, we measured the level of protein and mRNA expression of obesityrelated agents, such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), CCAAT/enhancer- binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, LPL, and FAS. As a result, the 70% ethanol extract of Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey significantly increased the expression of AMPK and decreased the expression of genes related to adipogenesis and fat storage, such as $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, LPL, and FAS.