• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2000

We investigated clothing consumers' perception of benefits and risks on internet shopping and tried to identify the perceptual differences according to presence of real experiences of internet shopping, intention to buy clothings using the internet, clothing items, and demographic variables. A total of 441 people aged of twenties and thirties were surveyed for analysis. The mean values, standard deviation, Student's t-test, paired t-test, ANOVA and multiple range test were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study included: 1. Clothing consumers perceived the internet shopping as a convenient, time-saving method, and an easy way to compare clothing items, but not a cheap tool. The most highly perceived risk was inability to identify the size of clothing item, followed by shortage of stock, delivery problem, color, textiles, after-service, and exposure of personal informations in a decreasing order. 2. Those who had real experiences of internet shopping or who had intention to use it tended to perceive more benefits and less risks on the internet shopping. 3. Perception of risks and benefits differed according to the clothing items and demographic variables.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.51-67
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• 2011

This research looks at the innovative product characteristics, environmental properties, and personal attitudes as antecedents of consumer's perceived usefulness and easiness of product usage. And the attitudes toward digital convergence products and its acceptability as consequences. The results indicate that relative advantage, expectation for better product, the social influence, mass communications, and attitudes toward the new technology, significantly influence the perceived usefulness. The current research revealed that perceived usefulness is more influential over perceived easiness on the formation of positive attitude toward the product. The users of digital convergence products put more weight on the availability of the product functions rather than easiness of use.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.1-21
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• 2020

Recently, the emergence of new technologies caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution caused a great change not only in the overall society but also in the retail industry. In the retail industry, unmanned stores based on new technologies have emerged, changing the consumption behavior of consumers. In particular, the global pandemic caused by COVID-19, which appeared in December 2019, raised social risks, and as a result of this, the beginning of the non-face-to-face era, interest in unmanned stores is increasing. In this study, the effects of benefits factors (perceived usefulness, perceived economics, perceived enjoyment, relative advantages) and sacrifice factors (perceived risk, technicality) perceived by unmanned store users on continuous use intention through perceived value. In addition, it is a study to test through empirical analysis what role the social risk from COVID-19 plays in the process of consumption through unmanned stores. The purpose of this study is to provide strategic implications for the activation of unmanned stores in the non-face-to-face era. In this study, a total of 293 copies of data were collected for users of unmanned stores for hypothesis testing. In addition, the collected data was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 statistical programs. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, it was found that the perceived benefits (perceived usefulness, perceived economics, perceived playfulness, and relative advantages) of unmanned stores all had a significant positive effect on perceived value. Second, it was found that all perceived sacrifices (perceived risk, technicality) of unmanned stores had a significant negative effect on perceived value. Third, it was found that the perceived value of unmanned stores had a significant positive effect on the intention to continue use. Finally, the social risk from COVID-19 has been shown to play a moderating role when the perceived sacrifice of unmanned stores affects the perceived value.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.63-83
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• 2002

본 연구는 미국 소비자들이 지각한 온라인 쇼핑속성에 대한 차원을 밝히고. 온라인 속성에 대한 중요성과 상품범주별 구매의도와의 관계를 밝혀 상품범주별 마케팅 전략과 인터넷 소비자 관리 및 교육 프로그램 개발에 기여하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 가정에서 인터넷을 사용하고 있는 미국 소비자 303 명으로 구성되었으며, 질문지법에 의해 자료 수집되었다. 자료분석을 위해 탐색적 요인분석을 실행하였고, LISREL8에 의해 측정모델과 구조적 관계 모델을 동시에 검증하였다. 자료 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소비자가 지각한 온라인 쇼핑에 대한 속성은 거래 및 비용, 사이트 디자인, 구매유인 프로그램, 상호 관계성의 4개 차원으로 분류되었다. 둘째, 온라인 상품은 구매의도에 따라 인지적 상품, 경험적 상품, 서비스 3개 범주로 분류되었다. 셋째, 지각된 온라인 쇼핑속성의 중요도와 각상품군 구매의도와의 구조적 관계모델을 추정한 결과,“거래 및 비용”은 3개의 상품군에 대한 구매의도에 모두 유의한 영향을 주었으며,“구매유인 프로그램”은 경험적 상품과 서비스에 대한 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 따라서, 소비자들에게 중요하게 지각되는 인터넷 특정 속성 즉, 보완, 배달 및 비용을 초점으로한 상품범주별 차별화된 이점을 제시하여 효과적인 마케팅 전략을 수립해야 할 것이다. 또한, 전자 상거래와 관련 보완, 환불정책 등에 관한 소비자 교육과 보호법이 요구되고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.893-903
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• 2009

Smart clothing represents the future of both the textile/clothing industry and electronic industry and has an effort to make electronic devices a genuine part of our daily life. The researches about technologies innovation and application of smart clothing can be found in previous studies. But consumer researches about perception or attitude toward smart clothing can be hardly found. Therefore, we proposed a conceptual framework that explores the impact of perceived risks on perceived attributes to adopt smart clothing. In addition, we compared differences of this framework among three counties. Korea, U.S. and Spain. Based on the literature review and hypotheses development, a research model was constructed. After data analysis using Amos 7.0, the results can be concluded as following: First, the influences of psychological risk among Korea, U.S. and Spain are same. Psychological risk has negative effect on relative advantage and complexity, but has positive effect on trialability. Second, loss risk was found to have nothing to do with relative advantage. But it negatively influences complexity for Korean consumers and positively influences trialability for both Korean and American consumers. Third, the influences of performance risk for different consumers are different. At last, based on our discussion, some implications were also concluded.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2014.07a
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• pp.447-450
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• 2014

넷북은 크기, 무게, 가격의 이점으로 한 때 시장에서 강력한 하이테크 기기로 인정받은 적이 있다. 그렇지만 제품 자체가 가지는 한계점을 극복하지 못하고 시장에서 도태되고 있다. 본 연구는 넷북 사용자들을 대상으로 사용의도에 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하여 제품의 시장실패 요인을 찾고자 하였다. 실증연구결과, 사용자들의 입장에서 일반적으로 부정적 요인으로 간주된 사용 비용, 사용 노력, 관련 기기 부족은 제품의 가치를 부정적으로 지각하는데 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다. 다만, 소유자들이 제품에 대해 갖고 있는 불신은 제품의 부정적 가치를 지각하는데 유의하게 영향을 미쳤고, 제품의 부정적 지각은 사용의도에 부정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷북과 같은 하이테크 제품의 공급자는 소비자와 신뢰형성이 시장에서의 성과에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있으므로, 경영전략의 수립 및 실행에 이를 적극적으로 반영할 필요가 있다.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2014

In the last few years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business concept to one of the fast growing segments of the IT industry. However, as more and more information on individuals and companies are placed in the cloud, concerns on just how safe the computing environment is have gradually increased. In this study, it will be explored if key characteristics of cloud computing services would affect the behavioral intention to use public cloud computing services. A conceptual model is developed and seven research hypotheses are proposed for empirical testing. The proposed model is examined through structural equation analysis. The results show that perceived risk has statistically significant effect on the privacy concern of users and the privacy concern has a negative influence on the trust. Finally, the trust has a positive effect on the attitude and the attitude has statistically significant effect on use intention. Implications of these findings are discussed for both researchers and practitioners and future research issues are raised as well.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2005

Convergence products, which perform multiple functions, are gaining popularity in the marketplace these days. Unfortunately, however, little research to date has been conducted as to how consumers evaluate such products. The present research, based on the existing literature regarding the innovation resistance and product bundling, examines the factors influencing consumer responses to convergence products. The results of the study reveal that consumer evaluations and purchase intentions are affected by consumer perceptions of risk (emotional and functional), convenience, product complementarity and relative advantage as well as consumer individual differences measured by technographics. Implications of the results for marketers and future research are discussed.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-111
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• 2008

Due to the development of digital technology, studies regarding smart wear integrating daily life have rapidly increased. However, consumer research about perception and attitude toward smart clothing hardly could find. The purpose of this study was to identify innovative characteristics and perceived risk of smart clothing and to analyze the influences of theses factors on product attitudes and intention to adopt. Specifically, five hypotheses were established. H1: Perceived attributes of smart clothing except for complexity would have positive relations to product attitude or purchase intention, while complexity would be opposite. H2: Product attitude would have positive relation to purchase intention. H3: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention. H4: Perceived risks of smart clothing would have negative relations to perceived attributes except for complexity, and positive relations to complexity. H5: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. After pretest, the data were collected during September, 2006, from university students in Korea who were relatively sensitive to innovative products. A total of 300 final useful questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 program. About 60.3% were male with the mean age of 21.3 years old. About 59.3% reported that they were aware of smart clothing, but only 9 respondents purchased it. The mean of attitudes toward smart clothing and purchase intention was 2.96 (SD=.56) and 2.63 (SD=.65) respectively. Factor analysis using principal components with varimax rotation was conducted to identify perceived attribute and perceived risk dimensions. Perceived attributes of smart wear were categorized into relative advantage (including compatibility), observability (including triability), and complexity. Perceived risks were identified into physical/performance risk, social psychological risk, time loss risk, and economic risk. Regression analysis was conducted to test five hypotheses. Relative advantage and observability were significant predictors of product attitude (adj $R^2$=.223) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.221). Complexity showed negative influence on product attitude. Product attitude presented significant relation to purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.692) and partial mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.698). Therefore hypothesis one to three were accepted. In order to test hypothesis four, four dimensions of perceived risk and demographic variables (age, gender, monthly household income, awareness of smart clothing, and purchase experience) were entered as independent variables in the regression models. Social psychological risk, economic risk, and gender (female) were significant to predict relative advantage (adj $R^2$=.276). When perceived observability was a dependent variable, social psychological risk, time loss risk, physical/performance risk, and age (younger) were significant in order (adj $R^2$=.144). However, physical/performance risk was positively related to observability. The more Koreans seemed to be observable of smart clothing, the more increased the probability of physical harm or performance problems received. Complexity was predicted by product awareness, social psychological risk, economic risk, and purchase experience in order (adj $R^2$=.114). Product awareness was negatively related to complexity, meaning high level of product awareness would reduce complexity of smart clothing. However, purchase experience presented positive relation with complexity. It appears that consumers can perceive high level of complexity when they are actually consuming smart clothing in real life. Risk variables were positively related with complexity. That is, in order to decrease complexity, it is also necessary to consider minimizing anxiety factors about social psychological wound or loss of money. Thus, hypothesis 4 was partially accepted. Finally, in testing hypothesis 5, social psychological risk and economic risk were significant predictors for product attitude (adj $R^2$=.122) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.099) respectively. When attitude variable was included with risk variables as independent variables in the regression model to predict purchase intention, only attitude variable was significant (adj $R^2$=.691). Thus attitude variable presented full mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention, and hypothesis 5 was accepted. Findings would provide guidelines for fashion and electronic businesses who aim to create and strengthen positive attitude toward smart clothing. Marketers need to consider not only functional feature of smart clothing, but also practical and aesthetic attributes, since appropriateness for social norm or self image would reduce uncertainty of psychological or social risk, which increase relative advantage of smart clothing. Actually social psychological risk was significantly associated to relative advantage. Economic risk is negatively associated with product attitudes as well as purchase intention, suggesting that smart-wear developers have to reflect on price ranges of potential adopters. It will be effective to utilize the findings associated with complexity when marketers in US plan communication strategy.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.135-156
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• 2017

An intelligent personal assistant (IPA) is a software agent that assists people to perform basic tasks or services for an individual by commonly providing information via natural language. In spite of the versatile capabilities of the IPA to answer a user's simple information-based queries, such as the weather and driving directions, the actual usage rates for IPA services are limited to date. In this research, to evaluate the factors affecting the intention to use IPA, we develop an empirical model based on technology acceptance model, innovation diffusion theory, and IS success model. Afterward, we collect 203 questionnaires from actual users of IPAs. Finally, the structural equation model validates the causal relationship between the constructs of the model. Consequently, the innovation characteristics of IPA drawn from innovation diffusion theory, namely, relative advantage, compatibility, observability, all exerted a positive influence on perceived usefulness. Furthermore, information quality, a quality characteristic of IPA obtained from DeLone and McLean's IS success model, presented a positive effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Finally, the perceived intelligence of IPA displayed a positive influence on perceived usefulness and ease of use. This characteristic was also a major factor that can increase the intention to use the IPA. Given these research findings, this study is significant for identifying factors that may influence the intention to use the IPA by providing strategic guidelines to relevant business operators and establishing an integrated model.