• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.832-838
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• 2009

The inhibitory effects of solvent extracts from dried beet (Beta vulgaris) on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress in cell systems and on the growth of cancer cell lines (HT-29 human colon cancer and AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells) were investigated. Inhibitory effects of acetone with methylene chloride (A+M) and methanol (MeOH) extracts on the growth of HT-29 and AGS cancer cells increased in a dose dependent manner (p<0.05). The inhibitory effect was more significant on the growth of AGS cells and A+M extracts had a higher inhibitory effect compared to MeOH extracts. The treatments of hexane, 85% aq. methanol, butanol and water fractions significantly inhibited the growth of both cancer cells (p<0.05). Among fractions, hexane and 85% aq. methanol fractions showed higher inhibitory effects. In order to determine the protective effect on $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative stress, DCHF-DA (dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate) assay was conducted. The A+M and MeOH extracts of dried beet appeared to significantly reduce the levels of intracellular (ROS) with dose responses. Among the fractions, 85% methanol fractions showed a higher protective effect on production of lipid peroxides. These results indicate that the intake of dried beet may improve oxidative stress in cell and reduce cancer risk.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1752-1760
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• 2011

In this study, the effect of the Opuntiahumifusa extracts on proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and ROS level of a cell was investigated using an osteoblast. Opuntiahumifusawas separated intoOpuntiahumifusapeel (OH-P), seed (OH-Se) and stem (OH-St).These were subjected to extraction by using hot water and ethanol. The proliferation of the MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells that were treated with OH-Se water extract were increased by approximately 120%. Regarding the effects of OH-Se on ALP activity, the $50{\mu}g/ml$ ethanol extract group showed the highest activity. The synthesis of collagen increased significantly in response to treatment with OH-Se water extract. The ROS scavenging effects of Opuntiahumifusawere investigated for involvement of oxidativedamage, cell culture and staining. Also, when OH-Se water extract $100{\mu}g/ml$ was added, the ROS level decreased by 54%. These results indicate that Opuntiahumifusa extracts have an anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effects on cell survival and Quinone reductase induced activity of Aster yomena (AY) on human cancer cells which, using methanol, was extracted and fractionated into five different solvent types: hexane (AYMH), ethylether (AYMEE), ethylacetate (AYMEA), butanol (AYMB) and aqueous (AYMA) partition layers. The experiment was conducted to determine cytotoxicity of various Aster yomena partition layers on HepG2, HeLa and MCF-7 cells by MTT assay. Among various partition layers of Aster yomena, A YMEE and A YMEA showed the strong cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines we used. The Quinone reductase (QR) induced activity on HepG2 cells, A YMH at a does of 100 $\mu$g/mL was 2.46 times more effective compared to the control value of 1.0.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.947-952
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mushrooms on the growth of intestinal lactic acid bacteria. Bifidobacterium breve and the total intestinal flora of human and rats were inoculated in the general anaerobic medium which contained each mushroom water extract. Except Pleurotus ostreatus and Flammulina velutipes, the mushroom extracts induced the growth of lactic acid bacteria by decreasing pH of the broth. The pH decreasing effect was excellent especially with Lentinus edodes, Agarocus bisporus and Coriorus versicolor. This effect was due to the increase in the number of Bifidobacterium in the intestinal bacterid. This growth of lactic acid bacteria effectively inhibited the bacterial enzymes, ${\beta}-glucosidase,\;{\beta}-glucuronidase$ and tryptophanase, of intestinal bactetria.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Colostrum, a nutrient-rich fluid produced by female mammals after giving birth, is the specific initial diet of mammalian neonates. Colostrum is important for the nutrition, growth, and development of newborn infants and contributes to the immunologic defense of neonates. It contains immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, such as lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase, and other bioactive molecules, including growth factors, such as IGF (insulin-like growth factor), EGF (epithermal growth factor), $TGF-{\beta}$ (transforming growth factor), and FGF (fibroblast growth factor). Bovine colostrum is a rich source of growth factors, which play a central role in wound healing. The biological activities of colostrum emphasize the relevance of the synergistic activity of growth factors to stimulate keratinocyte proliferation and migration, which are essential for tissue repair. Colostrum increases the expression of early differentiation markers, such as keratin 1 and 10 and involucrin, and late differentiation markers, including loricrin and filaggrin. Additionally, colostrum increases granulation tissue volume in the dermis, suggesting that it has a beneficial effect on wound healing. The therapeutic use of colostrum or individual peptides present in colostrum has a positive and curative influence on various gastrointestinal diseases.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.132-135
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• 2007

The effects of rose flower extracts on the growth of CHO cells were examined. Rose flower extracts were prepared by solvent extraction with hexane, ethylacetate and ether from five domestic rose cultivar, Rosa hybrida L. cv. Mihyang, Noeul, Redqueen, Whitelady and Pinklady, respectively. The effects of rose flower extracts on the growth of CHO cells were measured using MTT colormeteric assay and compared with control. Extracts of rose flowers showed stimulative effect or inhibitory effect on the growth of CHO cells depending on the kinds of solvent and concentration of extracts. Ether extracts of rose flower showed a more effective stimulative effect on the growth of CHO cells at the concentration of 5 ${\mu}g{\cdot}ml^{-1}$. These results suggest that rose flower has the simulating activity on the growth of CHO cells and a potential as new functional food source.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.731-745
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• 2005

Cyclosproin A(CsA)는 세포 이식거부방지를 위한 면역 억제제 및 자가 면역질환 치료제로 널리 사용되어 왔다. CsA는 매양된 사람 치은섬유아세포를 증식시킴이 알려져 있지만 CsA에 의한 세포증식기전에 대한 세포사멸기전 및 Bcl-2의 역할은 연구되어 있지 않다. 이번 연구는 사람 섬유아세포에서 CsA에 의한 세포증삭기전에 세포고사기전 및 Bcl-2 family가 관여하는지 밝히는 데에 목적이 있다. 세포 생장력은 MTT 방법으로 측정하였다. Bcl-2 family와 Fas 발현 정도는 RT-PCR 방법이나 western blot으로 확인하였다. Caspase-3 및 -9의 활성은 ELISER reader로, reactive oxygen species(ROS)는 fluorescence spectrometer에 의해 측정되었다. 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 분비된 cytochrome c는 Western blot으로 조사하였다. CsA는 $0.1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M$에서 사람 섬유아세포의 생존률을 시간과 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰으며, 50 ${\mu}M$ CsA에서는 오히려 세포가 죽였다. 또한, CsA 처리로 미토콘드리아에서 세포질로 유리되는 cytochrome c 양과 VDAC 1 및 3 발현량이 감소되었고, caspase-9과 caspase-3의 활성도도 감소되었다. 한편, CsA 처리한 섬유아세포에서 death receptor 구성요소인 Fas 발현이 감소되었다. Bcl-2 family에 대한 RT-PCR, western blot 분석결과, 세포고사를 억제하는 Bel-2 발현은 증가되었으나 세포고사를 자극하는 Bax와 Bid의 발현은 감소되었다. 이러한 결과들은 사람 섬유아세포에서 CsA유도 세포증식에 Bcl-2 family와 ROS가 매개하는 미토콘드리아 의존 및 death receptor 의존 세포고사기전이 관여함을 시사하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2006

The mushroom Inonotus obliquue (IO) has been traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer in Russia, Poland, and most of Baltic countries. To explore the possibility that IO has chemoprevention effects, we examined whether or not the aqueous extract of IO inhibits HT-29 cell growth and investigated tile mechanism for this effect. Cells were incubated in the presence of increasing concentrations of the aqueous extract of IO. The extract substantially inhibited the viable HT-29 cell number in a dose-dependent manner and inhibited 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation into DNA of HT-29 cells. Annexin-V staining followed by flow cytometry revealed that the extract induced apoptosis of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that the extract induced cleavage of caspase-8, -9 and -3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, but did not affect the protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2. In addition, the extract dose-dependently increased the activity of caspase-8, -9 and -3. We have demonstrated that the aqueous extract of IO inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells, which may be mediated by its ability to activate the caspase pathway.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1924-1929
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• 2013

Hizikia fusiforme (seaweed fusiforme) has long been used as a food source mainly in Korea and Japan. This study was performed to evaluate the immunomodulative effects of Hizikia fusiforme in mice. Hizikia fusiforme water extracts (0, 50, and 500 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administrated into the mice every other day, for four weeks. The proliferation of splenocytes, as well as the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$) secreted by activated macrophages were measured. Splenocyte proliferation was enhanced in the experimental groups compared to that of the control group. Also, the mice with Hizikia fusiforme water extracts supplementation in both concentrations showed increased levels of cytokine production by activated peritoneal macrophages compared to those in the control group. The highest levels of cytokine (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) production were observed in the 50 mg/kg b.w. supplementation group stimulated by LPS for all three cytokines. The results of this study showed that the supplementation of Hizikia fusiforme water extracts may enhance the immune function by regulating the splenocytes proliferation and the cytokine production by activated macrophages. Further studies are needed to identify the stimulative and immunomodulating components of Hizikia fusiforme.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 1990

To assess the role of cAMP on the growth and proliferation of Toxoplasma in HL-60 cells we tested the effect of exogenous cAMP and cAMP analogues to the co-culture system of Toxoplasma and HL-60 cells. cAMP, dbcAMP, and br-cAMP stimulated the growth of Texoplasma at a specific concentration, i.e., 100 mM, l00 mM, and 10-1 mM, respectively. There were differences in growth induction kinetics and in the rate of promotion. These results were further verified by treating the co-culture with adenylate cyclase activator, pNHppG, cAMP phosphodiesterase activators, imidasole and A23187, and cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitors, IBMX, compound 48/80, and theophylline, separately. When the cytosolic cAMP levels increased by the reagents mentioned above, Toxoplasma in the cytoplasm of HL-60 cells stimulated to proliferate more rapidly with concentration-dependent modes compared to the control, and vice versa. It is suggested that some mechanisms are activated by the high levels of cAMP in the cytoplasm, which result in the stimulation of Toxoplasma proliferation.