• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.411-446
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• 1997

This paper reports the results of an experimental companson of the winning rates in arbitral awards between the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board and the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association, and analyzed the comparative advantages of KCAB in international arbitration compared with ICC. There are so many factors to analyze the level of internationalizaton and competitiveness in the arbitration. From the recent lituratures, arbitration experts reported and debated tremendous elements which is vital to have a competition in the international arbitration market. Arbitration factors such as fairness, reliability, awareness, extension, enforcement, inexpensiveness, closed and expedited proceedings, arbitrators, expert knowledge, service, arbitral award, etc. are very important to appraise the level of the globalization and competitiveness of arbitration organizations Using these factors, I appraised current level of the globalization and competitiveness of the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board, unique arbitration organization in South Korea. Next, we are able to compare the level of fairness using the concept of 'winning rate' All over the world, only several arbitration organizations published and opened their own arbitral awards even In anonymity. The Japanese arbitration institutions published it regularly as well as the Korean When compared with these two institutions' "winning rates". there is similiar tendency in favor of domestic corporations That is to say, the winning rates in domestic arbitration cases are greater than those in international arbitration cases. This embarks an implication of unequality, a part of unfairness, in these two countries' arbitration. Finally, an analysis was conducted between the statistics of KCAB and ICC, especially to the focus on the number of arbitration cases, arbitration tribunals, arbitration places, parties' nationalities. the types of contents, the amount of arbitration, arbitration costs. There are two meanings to keep in mind for advancement of Korean arbitration. One is to establish new strategy specializing in small amount arbitration less than US$200,000. The other is to rearrange the panel of arbitration, especially in increasing field of arbitration cases such as the disputes of license, technology transfer, patent, etc.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.239-264
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• 2006

Globalization of business activities and the market is making intern ational movement of capital much freer. Therefore the introduction of global standard is inevitable. Each and every country has had its own standard which restrain free exchange and cause misunderstanding and conflict between countries. A country or a company which is not capable of meeting the global standard can not be accepted in the global market. Consequently, it will eventually be left behind. It is right to say that countries and companies should accept the global standard and abide by it to survive in the competitive global market. The following preface which was introduced in the international conference co_organised by BAC, FTCTC and Tsinghua University in May, 2004 shows a timely movement for the globalization of construction business. *B A C, Beijing Arbitration Commission *FTCTC, The FIDIC-Tsinghua-CNAEC Training Center *CNAEC, China National Association of Engineering Consultants Introduction, As arbitration becomes more and more popular in the ways of alternative disputes resolution all over the world, the BAC is devoted to promoting international arbitration in China. As FIDIC contracts constitute an accepted point of reference for international construction contract, the BAC, characteristic of construction projects, is willing to facilitate the FIDIC contracts as the referred construction contracts in China. In order to carry out its purposes, the BAC, together with FTCTC is going to convene for discussion of dispute resolution and arbitration of international construction projects. FIDIC, construction contract management guide, explains arbitration as the ultimate dispute resolution method. The detail of FIDIC will be suggested in this essay.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.51-75
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• 2015

Administrative ADR to solve new problems has the characteristics of a new project, hence ADR is established and operated with a lack of human and material resources in the process of introducing administrative ADR. Therefore, it is preferred to resolve conflicts by less costly counseling and mutual agreement before mediation. When we try to settle the disputes through administrative ADR at the stage before mediation, it causes problems for the neutrality and impartiality of the dispute settlement procedures. In this case administrative ADR systems should introduce devices that ensure the impartiality of the process. In some issues becoming social problems, relevant administrative agencies are inclined to establish ADR systems. If ADR systems become available, a person who may use ADR services may have some trouble grasping ADR institutions because he/she can hardly distinguish their business affairs. By subdividing administrative affairs, when the disputes have the issues that touch on various fields of the affairs, parties in the disputes have to take ADR procedures one by one in all ADR-related institutions. This may lead to too heavy a burden on the disputing parties, furthermore forcing them to give up the remedies of their rights. For more efficient ADR operations, it is necessary that the institutions which set up and operate ADR systems should actively exchange and cooperate with one another. They need to forge and strengthen the solidarity between administrations and courts. The administrative agencies which run ADR themselves have to build up the devices for preparing human resources and material facilities for administrative ADR.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2021

Recently, the e-business market has become a place of convergence where consumers and suppliers communicate with each other, and a new method of trading of funds has emerged in the process. Crowd-funding is one of the types of money transactions that have emerged in the online space, and its interest and trading volume have been growing rapidly recently. The platform in the online space using crowd-funding method operates in the form of online telecommunication sales, and it is in the form of producing and delivering products based on funds obtained from potential consumers by the operators involved in securing funds. However, if the participating business operators do not deliver the product or deliver the product other than the promoted product and avoid responsibility, the potential demander will not be compensated without mediation by the platform operating entity. In this study, despite the rapid growth in the market size of crowd-funding, consumers who participated in the funding are protected and able to resolve disputes in the event of a conflict amid growing complaints from potential consumers and side effects. The structure or method of crowd-funding is a new form of trading that has different features from conventional e-commerce. Therefore, the legal basis is not yet in place and the standards need to be laid out through various and sufficient discussions politically, legally, socially and culturally and economically. As the potential market and positive effects of crowd-funding around the world have been recognized, a role is required as an ecosystem for new financial transactions. And the potential market could be realized as a new industry if the right legal system and policy consultation were made.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2021

본 연구는 국내 갑상선질환자를 대상으로 한 중재 연구 프로그램의 특성과 결과변수를 분석하기 위한 체계적 문헌고찰 연구이다. 국내 5개의 데이터베이스에서 2019년까지 발표된 문헌을 체계적으로 고찰하였다. 확인한 824편 중 선정기준에 맞는 6편을 추출하였다. 본 연구의 결과 프로그램은 교육, 활동, 상담으로 분류되었다. 교육 및 상담요법은 심리사회적인 변수와 신체생리적인 변수에 유의한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 활동요법은 신체생리적 변수에 유의한 영향을 나타내었다. 본 연구는 국내 갑상선질환자를 위한 다양한 중재 프로그램의 개발과 운영방안에 대한 근거를 제시하였다는 것에 의의가 있으며 향후 갑상선질환자의 신체생리적 기능과 심리사회적 문제를 고려한 융합적 프로그램개발연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.448-468
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• 2021

Objectives: This study aimed to understand the trends and issues of health-related intervention research using Intervention Mapping over the last ten years in South Korea. Intervention Mapping is a representative planning protocol to develop theory-and-evidence-based health promotion programs. Methods: The scoping review method was undertaken, and a total of 20 studies were analyzed using Intervention Mapping six steps. Results: The Korean health-related intervention studies using Intervention Mapping showed low methodological quality. In step 1, only 7 out of 20 studies organized a planning group consisting of various stakeholders. In step 2, about half of the studies did not present a matrix, which is the core essential component of Intervention Mapping. In step 5, only 1 out of 20 studies presented program adopters and maintainers. In step 6, most studies described effect evaluation relatively, but only one study mentioned process evaluation. Conclusions: In order to develop sustainable and cost-effective programs, systematic planning using Intervention Mapping is required from the research planning stage. In addition, a concrete and realistic plan needs to be established for the development of programs and adoption, dissemination and maintenance of programs.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2003년도 추계학술발표논문집 (상)
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• pp.389-392
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• 2003

인터넷상의 생물학 자원들을 이용하는 에이전트 시스템들에는 몇 가지 특징들이 있는데, 그중 하나가 바로 사용자 에이전트와 공개 데이터베이스들을 대신하는 에이전트들간의 자원 이용과정에서 발생하는 정보를 효율적으로 중계하고 조정하는 역할을 하는 기능이 존재해야 한다는 것이다. 공개 데이터베이스 자원들을 이용하는 경우 서로 다른 데이터 양식과 용어 체계, 제공하는 정보의 양과 정보를 제공하는데 걸리는 시간 등의 차이점이 존재하며, 또한 하나의 UI 에이전트로부터 복수 개의 질의를 수행하는 경우나 복수 개의 UI 에이전트들로부터 복수 개의 질의가 이루어지는 경우, 다양한 형태와 제공 정보로 인해 발생하는 자원들의 특성이 존재하게 된다. 이를 해결하기 위해서는 자원들의 다양성에 대한 고려, 메시지 트랜잭션의 관리와 더불어 다양한 플랫폼들에서 운용이 가능한 메시지 형식을 띠고 있어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현재 개발중인 단백질 구조예측 연구를 지원하는 APSS 시스템 내에서의 사용자 에이전트와 여러 분석 및 자원 에이전트들 간의 효율적인 메시지 중재 및 조정기능을 갖는 CODY 에이전트를 설계하였고 이에 관하여 기술하고자 한다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

Nowadays the number of crimes is increasing rapidly and society is getting more and more dangerous. Recently the criminal aspect of our society, the intelligence, diversity, localized area, as well as for the crime victims also difficult to predict the damage recovery is not easy to change their level of pain and are also serious. This phenomenon is increasingly expected to intensify, the proper response is a factory. The more so if the victim of murder. The criminal mediation working on the operational adjustments Borrower payment, Construction charges, investments and financial transactions due to interpersonal conflicts that occurred as a fraud, embezzlement, breach of trust property crimes such accused, individuals between the defamatory, offensive, encroachment, violating intellectual property rights and private Disputes about the complaint case and other criminal disputes submitted to mediation to resolve it deems relevant to the case who are accused. But the core of a detective control adjustment, adjust the members' representative to the region, including front-line player or a lawyer appointed by the attorney general at this time by becoming parties to this negative view may be ahead. Some scholars are criticizing the current criminal justice system for the absence of proper care for the criminal victims, as an alternative to the traditional criminal justice system. The introduction of the summary trial and related legal cases, the command structure, compensation system, crime victims' structural system can be seen as more classify, crime subject to victim's complaint, By case with a criminal misdemeanor in addition to disagree not punish criminal, minor offense destination, traffic offenders, regular property crime, credit card theft, intellectual property rights violators can be seen due to more categories can try. They sued in law enforcement, Prosecution case has been received and if any one party to the criminal detective Arbitration request arbitration by the parties can agree to immediately contact must be referred to arbitration within 15 days of when the arbitration case will be dismissed. These kinds of early results of the case related to, lawyers are involved directly in the arbitration shall be excluded. Arbitration system is the introduction of criminal justice agencies working to help resolve conflicts caused by adjustment problems will be able to. This article does not argue that we should stick to the traditional justice system as a whole. Instead it argues that the restrictive role of the traditional justice is to be preserved.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.239-282
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• 2019

The importance of ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution), which has the advantage of expertise, speed and neutrality due to the increase of arbitration cases due to domestic and foreign construction disputes, has emerged. Therefore, in order for the nation's arbitration system and the arbitration Organization to jump into the ranks of advanced international mediators, it is necessary to research the characteristics and advantages of these arbitration Organization through a study of prior domestic and foreign research and operation of international arbitration Organization. As a problem, First, education for the efficient promotion of arbitrators (compulsory education, maintenance education, specialized education, seminars, etc.). second, The effectiveness of arbitration in resolving construction disputes (hearing methods, composition of the tribunal, and speed). third, The issue of flexibility and diversity of arbitration solutions (the real problem of methodologies such as mediation and arbitration) needs to be drawn on the Arbitration laws and practical problems, such as laws, rules and guidelines. Therefore, Identify the problems presented in the preceding literature and diagnosis of the defects and problems of the KCAB by drawing features and benefits from the arbitration system operated by the international arbitration Institution. As an improvement, the results of an empirical analysis are derived for "arbitrator" simultaneously through a recognition survey. As a method of improvement, First, as an optimal combination of arbitration hearing and judgment in the settlement of construction disputes,(to improve speed). (1) A plan to improve the composition of the audit department according to the complexity, specificity, and magnification of the arbitration cases - (1)Methods to cope with the increased role of the non-lawyer(Specialist, technical expert). (2)Securing technical mediators for each specialized expert according to the large and special corporation arbitration cases. (2) Improving the method of writing by area of the arbitration guidelines, second, Introduction of the intensive hearing system for psychological efficiency and the institutional improvement plan (1) Problems of optimizing the arbitration decision hearing procedure and resolution of arbitration, and (2) Problems of the management of technical arbitrators of arbitration tribunals. (1)A plan to expand hearing work of technical arbitrator(Review on the introduction of the Assistant System as a member of the arbitration tribunals). (2)Improved use of alternative appraisers by tribunals(cost analysis and utilization of the specialized institution for calculating construction costs), Direct management of technical arbitrators : A Study on the Improvement of the Assessment Reliability of the Appraisal and the Appraisal Period. third, Improvement of expert committee system and new method, (1) Creating a non-executive technical committee : Special technology affairs, etc.(Major, supports pre-qualification of special events and coordinating work between parties). (2) Expanding the standing committee.(Added expert technicians : important, special, large affairs / pre-consultations, pre-coordination and mediation-arbitration). This has been shown to be an improvement. In addition, institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration. In addition, as an institutional differentiation to enhance the flexibility and diversity of arbitration, First, The options for "Med-Arb", "Arb-Med" and "Arb-Med-Arb" are selected. second, By revising the Agreement Act [Article 28, 2 (Agreement on Dispute Resolution)], which is to be amended by the National Parties, the revision of the arbitration settlement clause under the Act, to expand the method to resolve arbitration. third, 2017.6.28. Measures to strengthen the status role and activities of expert technical arbitrators under enforcement, such as the Act on Promotion of Interestments Industry and the Information of Enforcement Decree. Fourth, a measure to increase the role of expert technical Arbitrators by enacting laws on the promotion of the arbitration industry is needed. Especially, the establishment of the Act on Promotion of Intermediation Industry should be established as an international arbitration agency for the arbitration system. Therefore, it proposes a study of improvement and differentiation measures in the details and a policy, legal and institutional improvement and legislation.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.33-52
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• 2014

기후변화문제는 이미 글로벌 이슈로 부상한 지 오래이지만, 기후변화문제를 각국의 정책으로 이식시키는데 필요한 국제투자법상의 적합한 기준들은 아직 마련되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 최근 ICSID중재에 회부된 Vattenfall v. Germany 사례는 독일 정부의 원전폐쇄 조치에 대한 기후변화 관련 국제투자분쟁의 대표적 사례라고 할 수 있다. 2005년 발효된 교토의정서는 환경오염의 주범인 온실가스를 감소시키는 방안으로 공동이행체제와 청정개발시스템 등의 유연한 메카니즘들을 제안하였다. 교토의정서의 이러한 교토메카니즘들은 이행규칙상, 사적 영역의 투자자들이 각국이 이행하는 교토메카니즘의 규제아래 놓일 수도 있게 함으로써 잠재적으로 투자분쟁의 위험을 지니고 있다고 할 수 있다. 각 국가가 교토메카니즘을 잘 이행하기 위한 배출기준의 더욱 엄격한 규제 등을 한다면 온실가스 감축이라는 글로벌 명제와 상관없이, 정부의 기후변화 조치들조차 수용의 금지라고 하는 국제투자중재의 투자자 보호 원칙들의 잣대 하에 놓일 가능성을 배제할 수 없는 것이다. 수 용의 문제에 있어 이제까지 대부분의 국제투자중재 판정에서 내려진 '침해의 결과(effect-based)'만을 기준으로 적용한다면, 각국 정부들의 배출기준 조정에 대해 투자자들이 자신들의 투자를 유치국 정부가 수용했다고 볼 수 있는 가능성이 생긴다. 투자중재 회부의 두려움으로 인한 각국 정부의 '규제적 위축(regulatory chill)'의 문제도 세계 각국이 기후 변화정책을 강화하는 것을 방해하는 역할을 할 수 있다. 투자 계약상 투자자를 보호하기 위한 정부조치의 '정지조항(stablization clause)'도 투자 유치국의 기후변화 이행과 새로운 입법에 된서리 효과를 가지고 올 것이다. 그리고 현재까지의 투자중재 판정부의 공정하고 공평한 대우 기준(FET)의 적용을 본다면, 교토메카니즘 이전에 탄소 집약적 산업들이 저탄소 운영체제로 가기 위해 투자유치국에 진입할 때, 투자유치국이 적절한 이행을 하는데에 상당한 부담을 줄 수도 있다. 그러므로 Methanex 사건 판정부에서처럼, 수용에 있어서 침해결과만을 볼 것이 아니라, 정부의 규제결정이 의도적으로 외국인 투자자의 투자를 침해할 목적이 아니고 비차별적이며 공공적인 목적이라면 수용의 범주에 포함시키지 않도록 하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 또한 환경법상의 지속가능한 발전의 원칙을 투자조약이나 투자계약에 포함하도록 하는 것을 고려해 볼 수 있다. 덧붙여 이후부터 정부가 투자자-국가 중재 회부 가능성이라는 부담을 벗어나서 환경규제를 이행하기 위해서는 투자자-국가 중재이외의 다른 적절한 분쟁해결 조항을 입안하여 합의하는 것도 고려해 볼만 하다.