• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.938-948
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to offer typical facial shapes Korean women in their 20's to 50's. We used facial photographs of 600 Korean women obtained from $2003\sim2004$ Size Korea Project and we measured these photographs indirectly in this study by utilizing the Venus face2D program. Total 62 measurements on the face were measured and analyzed by statistical methods. The results were as follows. First of all, the mean of face length was 196mm, top face length was 62.3mm, middle face length was 68.9mm, bottom face length was 66.5mm, mean of forehead width was 125.1mm. As based on those average sizes, we proposed a average facial size and shape of Korean women and a average facial size and shape of 20's, 30's, 40's and 50's in this study. When examined characteristic of 20's facial shape, it was recognized that the width of forehead was wider and the width of gnathion was smaller than other age groups. In the characteristic of 30's facial shape, the ratios of facial length, top of face, middle of face and bottom of face were balanced well, as comparing with other age groups. Overall, the values of facial measurement of 30's were similar to the averages of total women. In the facial shape of 40's, mean length and width of face each were the smallest among each age group. The eye shape of 40's was more drooped than the average eye shape and the protrusion of the zygomatic bone was significantly different. In case of the facial shape of 50's, it was similar to the facial shape of 40's, but mean lengths and widths of 50's face were slightly larger than the values of 40's. The eye shape of 50's was more drooped than average group and the eye length was the smallest among all age groups.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2000

The future costs of energy and the cost of the repair of apartment buildings are expected to rise continuously in proportion to the initial costs. Therefore it has become important for these increasing costs to be incorporated and reflected in the design of the building. Systems such as structure and services for the buildings remain constant, but a number of the walls and windows can vary and thus have a major influence on the total construction and running costs of a building. The critical factor in the apartment unit design for the optimization of life cycle cost (LCC) is the ratio of the x and y axis of the walls in the unit plan. This paper demonstrates how to achieve the optimal size and thus optimize the LCC of the building.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.427-438
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• 2011

Segment lining is a key permanent lining structure to maintain the shield tunnel stability in shield tunnel operation. Moreover, segment lining generally accounts for the largest proportion in the shield tunnel construction costs. As a result, technical improvements to increase its economic feasibility have been actively carried out. This study aims to propose the development directions of high-performance segments from their recent cutting technologies. In addition, based on over 2,100 world-widely collected segment design data, a series of statistical analyses of segment key design parameters such as thickness, width and the number of divisions as well as segment materials were carried out to approximately estimate them in a design stage.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.215-224
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• 2018

The practice pattern of pediatric dentistry has been changing for the last several decades. This change might be influenced by several factors such as development in dental materials and socioeconomic changes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the changing trends of patient distribution and treatment pattern of pediatric dentistry. Patient distribution and practice trends from 2006 to 2015 at the department of pediatric dentistry of Seoul National University Dental Hospital were reviewed. From 2006 to 2015, the proportion of new patient increased from 12.49% to 20.56%. The average age of new patients decreased. In 2006, restorative treatment had highest percentage, followed by preventive treatment, orthodontic treatment, surgical treatment, and pulp treatment. In 2015, preventive treatment had highest percentage, followed by restorative treatment, orthodontic treatment, surgical treatment and pulp treatment Frequency of general anesthesia increased more than 5 times for last 10 years. The proportion of insurance treatment decreased until 2009, and after 2010 it increased steadily.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

Sedative method and its effect are affected by diverse variables: dosage and intake method of drug, weight, gender, patient compliance, sleeping hours prior to procedure, treatment hours, health status, type of used drugs are the factors. This study is conducted with empirical observation that shorter the sleeping hours before the day of chloral hydrate sedation, the effectiveness is larger; and therefore to actually recognize the correlation between chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine sedation and sleeping hours of child patient prior to sedation. The subjects were those children whose sleeping hours were similar to each other at the ages ranging from 2 to 5 years old totaling 37 children. Total 11 of them received pulp treatment. Sedative effect was evaluated by the same assessor with Houpt's rating scale. Sedative effect in relation with prior day's sleeping hours evaluated with simple regression analysis. Sedative effect in relation with pulp treatment was analyzed with independent t-test. Sleeping hours prior to sedation and sedation effect have negative correlation. No significant correlation is found between pulp treatment and sedation effect(p>0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2023

하천유역조사는 관련 법률의 규정에 의해 물관리정책의 수립에 필요한 기초정보를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 기본현황, 이수, 치수 환경생태 등 유역관리에 필요한 주요 조사항목을 대상으로 수행되고 있다. 조사방법 중 원격탐사자료 활용한 조사는 드론 모니터링 영상 및 위성영상자료를 이용해 댐·제방과 같은 치수 시설물의 안전관리, 수질 모니터링, 하천지형조사, 하상변동조사 등에 활용되고 있다. 최근에는 일반 RGB 영상뿐만 아니라 수백개의 분광밴드를 포함한 초분광영상을 이용한 하천조사 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 초분광영상은 분광해상도가 높아 다항목 조사에 활용할 수 있다는 장점이 있지만, 많은 양의 분광정보를 포함하고 있기 때문에 초기 수집 자료의 용량이 너무 크고, 분석을 위한 전처리 과정이 까다롭다는 단점이 있다. 반면, 10개 이하 밴드의 분광정보를 수집하는 다분광영상은 2개 밴드를 이용해 정규식생지수(NDVI)를 즉각적으로 모니터링할 수 있고, 작물의 생육현황 등을 분석할 수 있어 농업 및 산림분야에서 널리 활용되고 있다. 초분광영상을 이용한 수심산정 연구는 최적 밴드비 탐색 기법(OBRA)을 활용해 측정수심과 상관관계가 높은 밴드비를 이용해 수심맵을 구축하는 방식이 활용되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 초분광영상을 활용한 수심산정기법을 다분광영상에 적용하여 분광밴드수가 축소된(경량화된) 자료를 활용한 수심산정 가능성을 확인하기 위해 동일한 현장에서 초분광과 다분광 두가지 영상을 촬영하였으며, 각각 수심맵을 구축해 하천분야에서 다분광영상의 활용도를 평가하였다. 또한, 기존의 OBRA의 한계를 개선하기 위해 가우시안 혼합 모델(GMM; Gaussian Mixture Model)을 활용해 영상을 군집화하여 수심산정 정확도를 개선하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.159-165
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• 1997

This paper presents the optimum dimension of 89 ton class stow-net vessel with stern-fishing. The model of basic design is developed by using the optimization techniques referring to objective function and numerous constraints as follows; speed, fishing quantity, fishing days, catch per unit effort(CPUE), and weight/ratio of main dimensions, etc. Thus, the basic design of stow-net fishing vessel is built up by using the optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria, and the objective function represents the criterion which is cost benefit ratio(CBR). The main conclusions are as follows. 1. S/W for decision of optimum hull size is developed in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel which is constructed with optimization of the design variables called the economic optimization criteria. 2. For optimum ship dimensions in 89 ton class stow-net fishing vessel, the hull dimensions can be obtained in the range of L= 27.3m, B = 6.6m, D = 2.80m, Cb = 0.695, T/D = 0.80, $\Delta$(displacement)=281.7ton with 10 knots.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.40 no.12
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• pp.1007-1014
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• 2007

Recently, existing river improvement methods for flood control purpose have changed into nature friendly river improvement methods and the efforts to improve the river environment including river restoration have been made, and close-to-nature river improvement and nature friendly river restoration are actively conducted all over the country. In the present situation where various revetment methods are used after the introduction of the concept of close-to-nature river improvement, the environmental characteristics of rivers need to be considered to apply more suitable revetment methods. Therefore, as a precedent study for the development of revetment evaluation techniques and methods for close-to-nature river improvement, the present study suggested evaluation techniques using detailed survey items through field survey. Evaluation items of hydraulic stability consist of mode of streamline, stream bed gradient, flow velocity and tractive force ratio and those of environmental efficiency consist of revetment of vegetation, state of river water, land use of the terrace land on the river, vegetation and materials of the terrace land on the river. Each item was graded with the point 1 through 5. Hydraulic stability and environmental efficiency was evaluated by the points which were averaged in each items. As the result of the application of the proposed evaluation technique, it was found that a number of existing revetments excessively focus on hydraulic stability with little consideration about environmental term. It is expected that the proposed technique in the present study can be used as a base for providing guidelines to construct the design and construction of revetments in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.152-156
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• 2001

Internet shopping mall is growing the new paradigm of a next generation commerce. And, the primary goal of a shopping mall web site is to facilitate economic action. Therefore. it is important in designing the shopping mall to support consumer's behaviors characteristics of a traditional commerce, This paper analyzed and evaluated two shopping mall with regard to consumer's behaviors characteristics. It is used the method of a user's performance and a subjective evaluation. It was shown that the user prefered the shopping mall web site to analogy with the traditional commerce pattern. Also, the database of an anatomic data and the development of a 3D virtual environment are suggested.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.251-262
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• 1999

This article analyzed the building regulations, the guidelines for the people with disabilities, and the interior environment of the transportation facilities of Stockholm and Oslo, which wee capital cities of leading countries in this field. Result showed that Swedish 'BBR 94' was made and based on accessibility, safety, and efficiency. But the mandatory items and detailed recommendations were minimal. 'The Swedish Handicap Institute' provided more detailed requirements. As a result of case studies of 4 facilities, it appeared that these facilities used sufficient dimension, variable color, different material, or adaptable lightings in order to provide easy accessibility, adaptability, safety, support, and mobility for the people with disabilities instead of keeping the building regulations and guidelines reluctantly.