• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.555-564
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• 2021

Thalamus is known to play an important role in the regulation of nerve function. Thalamus, located in the center of the brain, is involved in sleep, arousal, and emotional regulation, and has been reported to be associated with multiple sclerosis, essential tremors, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. In addition, it has been reported that iron deposits in the thalamus can cause depressive symptoms with age. Although there are discrepancies between studies, it can be deduced that the thalamus region has a clear effect on neurological disorders due to a strong relationship between the thalamus and neurological functions such as emotional control and processing. Through tractography analysis, the connectivity between the detailed areas of each subcortical region was investigated in the form of a matrix, showing strong connectivity and weak interhemispheric connectivity. In the 59> group, the WM connectivity of thalamus was found to be weaker than those of the two groups. Comparisons between the two groups showed that the young groups (10-39 and 40-59) had higher connection intensity than the 59> group and that statistically significant differences in 3 connection pathways were found in each hemisphere. A decrease in thalamus-related connection strength in aging has shown that it can affect emotional and neurological disorders such as anxiety and depression, and network measurements can help assess cognitive impairment across clinical conditions.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.71-87
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• 2021

This study aims to reveal how a port affects the living conditions of its neighborhood area with a case study of Pusan New Port and to suggest several implications to port policy. PLS-SEM reflective measurement model satisfies the criteria on reliability and validity, and also structural model meets the criteria in terms of R2, path coefficients' significance and predictive relevance(Q2). The results of PLS-SEM support the hypotheses of this study: The expansion of Pusan New Port contributes to the improvement of living conditions of Gangseo-gu(nearby area) through its significant and sequential effects on the employment and population increase of Gangseo-gu. The originality of this study can be found in enunciating that a port plays a role as a driving force of the betterment of living conditions of its nearby Gu-level area. In terms of policy, central and local governments and port related companies should cooperate with each other to reinforce the acceptability of port policy through the improvement of the living conditions of port neighborhood area. To evaluate comprehensively the influence of a port on its neighborhood area, a further study needs to identify how a port affects the quality of life of the area or what kinds of socio-economic effects a port has on the area.

• Korean small business review
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.245-274
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• 2020

The 4th Industrial Revolution is rapidly changing the business environment and enterprises are required to accelerate various innovative activities for sustainable competitiveness. Recently corporate entrepreneurship is widely spread to organization for establishing innovative corporate culture and stimulating corporate ventures. However, many enterprises are not successful and productive due to lack of readiness of corporate entrepreneruship. Therefore, finding the factors influencing corporate entreprensurship, innovative activities and business performance is a very important research issues. A research model and hypothesis are developed by through literature review to analyze positive effects of corporate entrepreneurship to corporate performance and influential effects of factors such as innovation-based efforts at the organizational level, vision and organizational strategies and innovative operating system to corporate entrepreneurship and business performance. The result of Entrepreneurship Survey with Corporates conducted by Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation in 2017 is used for the research sample. Hypothesis test used 1,326 samples and the structural equation modeling is applied. The results show that corporate entrepreneurship improves innovative idea activity performance and business performance. And, establishing innovative vision and strategies and innovative organizational culture enhances corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, it was confirmed that the innovative operational system has a moderating effect that strengthens the positive influence relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and innovative idea performance. The results of this study have implications for previous research on corporate entrepreneurship in Korea by presenting the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and business performance and the multilateral relationships between innovative organizational structure and corporate entrepreneurship.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-183
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to econometrically analyze the negative impact of the May 18 Democratic Uprising on the Gwangju/Jeonnam regionional economy using the Synthetic Control Method (SCM). The SCM SCM is a methodology similar to the difference-in-difference(DID) method of microeconometrics. It is applied to macroeconomic variables such as country, region, etc. to estimate the causal relationship between specific events and the dependent variable. In this study, as of 1980, local tax revenue data of metropolitan local governments were used as a proxy variable for the economy of the region, and the impact of the May 18 Democratic Uprising on the economy of Gwangju/Jeonnam region was analyzed through various socio-economic indicators. In this study, data were used to analyze from 1971 to 2000, and as a result of empirical analysis, local tax revenues in Gwangju/Jeonnam area were less collected than normal routes up to 17%. In addition, the significance of this analysis was confirmed through in-time placebo effect analysis and in-space placebo effect analysis, which are methods of analyzing the robustness of the control group synthesis method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2021

소양호 유역의 만대가아자운지구는 2015년 비점오염원 관리지역으로 재지정 되면서 흙탕물 저감을 위해 중앙정부 차원에서 발생원 관리대책, 유출경로 관리정책 및 양한 비점오염 저감시설 등의 노력을 기울이고 있다. 하지만 상류 유역에서는 지속적으로 흙탕물이 발생되고 있으며, 뚜렷한 비점오염 저감효과가 나타나지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 정밀조사를 통해 흙탕물 발생 우심 소유역을 분석하고자 하였다. 정밀조사를 위해 관리지역별 하천 및 구거를 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 만대·가아·자운지구별 각 57지점, 31지점, 72지점에서 강우시 수질 모니터링을 수행하였다. 만대지구의 탁도는 167 NTU~7,970 NTU, SS농도는 164.3 mg/L~5,718.0 mg/L 로 관리지역 중 탁도 및 SS 농도가 높았으며, 시행계획상 구분된 소유역별 평균 탁도와 평균 SS농도는 만대천 상류구간이 가장 낮고, 상명천 소유역과 청룡안골, 방추골천, 방추골일천이 흐르는 소유역에서 높게 나타났다. 가아지구의 탁도는 17 NTU~962 NTU, SS농도는 17.8 mg/L~1,020.0 mg/L 로 조사되었으며, 평균 탁도와 평균 SS농도는 가아지구 말단 소유역에서 가장 낮고, 상류 소유역에서 높게 나타났다. 가아천 상류는 탁도 410 NTU와 SS농도 575.0 mg/L, 하류는 탁도 167 NTU, SS농도 197.3 mg/L로 나타나 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 탁도와 SS농도가 낮아졌으며, 상류 유역은 비점저감시설이 밀집해 있음에도 불구하고 다량의 흙탕물이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 자운지구는 비점오염저감시설이 집중적으로 설치된 상류 유역에 비해 하류 소유역에서 탁도와 SS농도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 자운지구의 탁도는 7 NTU~761 NTU, SS농도는 10.8 mg/L~1,199.0 mg/L로 조사되었으며, 평균 탁도와 평균 SS농도는 자운지구의 하류 소한천 소유역이 가장 낮고, 조항천 말단 소유역에서 높게 나타났다. 정밀조사 결과 탁도 및 SS농도가 높게 나타나는 소유역은 공통적으로 고랭지밭의 비율이 높게 나타났기 때문에 고랭지밭에서 발생되는 흙탕물을 효과적으로 관리하기 위해서는 최근 환경부에서 시범 추진하고 있는 농경지 완화조성, 토지 매수사업, 식생완충대 조성 등의 발생원 관리대책 확대 추진이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 소양호 유역의 비점오염원관리지역은 2020년 비점오염원 관리대책 시행계획이 수립되어 향후 2026년 비점오염 저감 대책이 추진됨에 따라 지속적이고 정밀한 모니터링이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1389-1396
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• 2020

Purpose The aim of this study was to analyze several technical and clinical factors associated with the successful management of postoperative leakage by percutaneous Foley catheter placement. Materials and Methods Thirty-two patients were included in this retrospective study. Postoperative gastrointestinal leakage was diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) and the patients underwent percutaneous Foley catheter placement into the leakage site through Jackson-Pratt tubes or imaging-guided methods. Clinical success was defined as successful Foley catheter removal without symptom recurrence within 1 week and the risk factors for clinical failure were analyzed. Results In all patients, percutaneous Foley catheter placement was successfully achieved without complications. Foley catheter was placed at a median of 10 days (range, 1-68) after the confirmation of leakage on CT. Clinical success was achieved in 26 of the 32 patients (81%). Systemic comorbidity (p < 0.001) and failed oral intake (p = 0.015) were the statistically significant risk factors for clinical failure. Conclusion Percutaneous Foley catheter placement can be considered an effective approach for the management of postoperative bowel leakage. The presence of systemic comorbidity and successful oral diet after Foley catheter placement are significant factors for successful clinical recovery.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2008

Background: Caspase-3 is a cysteine protease that plays a major role in the process of apoptotic cell death. The dysregulated expression of c-myc contributes to the tumorigenesis in a variety of human cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate the expressions of caspase-3 and c-myc and their significances as prognosis markers in patients with completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Material and Method: A total 130 consecutive patients who had undergone complete resection without pre-operative radio-therapy or chemotherapy between May 1996 and December 2003 for NSCLC were retrospectively reviewed. The median follow-up period of the patients was 50 months (range: $3{\sim}128$ months). The expressions of caspase-3 and c-myc were immuno-histochemically examined, and these were correlated with the clinico-pathologic data. Result: The prevalence of caspase-3 and c-myc expressions in the patients was 68% (88/130) and 59% (77/130), respectively. Significant association was found between the frequency of the expressions of caspase-3 and c-myc (p=0.025). The caspase-3 and c-myc expressions were not significantly associated with the prognosis in all the patients. However, according to stages, a positive caspase-3 expression was significantly correlated with a favorable prognosis for patients with stage IIIa disease (median survival period: 35 months vs. 10 months, p=0.021). Multivariate analysis showed the pathologic stage to be significantly correlated with a good prognosis in all the patients (p=0.024), and with a positive caspase-3 expression, well differentiated tumor and negative neuronal invasion in the patients with stage llla disease (p=0.005, p=0.003, p=0.004, respectively). Conclusion: Caspase-3 and c-myc were frequently expressed in NSCLC, suggesting its possible involvement in tumor development. The caspase-3 expression, as determined with performing immunohistochemical staining, may be a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with completely resected NSCLC an advanced stage (IIIa).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.245-254
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• 2002

Objective : To test if the intake of $H_2$ receptor antagonists ($H_2$-RAs) increases the risk of gastric cancer in the elderly. Methods : The source population for this study was drawn from the responders to a questionnaire survey administered to the Korea Elderly Pharmacoepidemiological Cohort (KEPEC), who were beneficiaries of the Korean Medical Insurance Corporation, were at least 65 years old, and residing in Busan in 1999. The information on $H_2$-RAs exposure was obtained from a drug prescription database compiled between inn. 1993 and Dec. 1994. The cases consisted of 76 gastric cancer patients, as confirmed from the KMIC claims data, the National Cancer Registry and the Busan Cancer Registry. The follow-up period was from Jan. 1993 to Dec. 1998. Cancer free controls were randomly selected by 1:4 individual matching, which took in to consideration the year of birth and gender. Information on confounders was collected by a mail questionnaire survey. The odds ratios, and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a conditional logistic regression model. Results : After adjusting for a history of gastric ulcer symptoms, medication history, and body mass index, the adjusted OR (aOR) was 4.6 (95% CI=1.72-12.49). The odds ratio of long term use (more than 7 days) was 2.3 (95% CI=1.07-4.82). The odds ratio of short term use was 4.6 (95% CI=1.26-16.50). The odds ratio of parenteral use was 4.4 195% CI=1.16-17.05) and combination use between the oral and parenteral routes (aOR, 16.8; 95% CI=1.21-233.24) had the high risk of gastric cancer. The aOR of cimetidine was 1.7 (95% CI=1.04-2.95). The aOR of ranitidine was 2.0 (95% CI=1.21-3.40). The aOR of famotidine was 1.7 (95% CI=0.98-2.80). Conclusion : The intake of $H_2$-RAs might increase the risk of gastric cancer through achlorhydria in the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Historical Folklife
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• no.26
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• pp.71-106
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• 2008

The objective of this research is to reconstruct an aristocratic officer's travels by analysing Yu, hee-chun's diary, Miamilgi. Yu had kept his diary for eighty three months, from October 1567 to May 1577, and there were twenty six times of travel logs which are analysed in this research. As a result of the analysis, his travels can be divided into official travels and private travels. Sixteen times of official travels were comprised of inspection tours for parishes as a superintendent of Jeonra province, trips to supervise maintenance works of royal tombs and to worship the tombs, to carry out the sanjae (rituals in the mountains) as a second minister of the ministry of rites. It was difficult for him to have private travels as he continually served as a royal officer. He had got only 10 times of private travels during the eighty three months for maintaining the ancestor's tomb and worshiping the ancestors, for recuperating himself and his wife, and for constructing his new house. All of these travels were long-distance ones. In terms of his travel routes, he frequently used royal main trunks, e.g. 'Haenamro' (from Seoul to Damyang), which were maintained by the royal government. The main reason of his frequent using of trunk lines was that convenience facilities such as the royal post stations (Yeok) and royal inns (Won) were equipped well in these roads so it was easy to get horse change services and lodging and boarding. The fact that main trunks were chiefly straight lines and the shortest way was rather secondary reason. On the other hand, when he was a superintendent of Junra province, he had four times of round inspection on all parishes of Junra province, following the tour routs covering all over the province. As he was incumbent royal officer, he started his travel by getting a permission from the king. Simultaneously, he made ready some travel items. Among the items, horse was most important one for the journey. After finishing all the preparing processes before the departure, he had special farewell ceremony for the King, Sookbae, and had a small party with his friends called Jeonbeul. Main transportation means for his travel was horse, and many kinds of horses such as royal government's horse, Yeokma, local government's horse, Swema, as well as his private one were used. Additionally, he used a palanquin while he was doing inspection trip as a superintendent of Junra province. Yu was incumbent officer so he mostly lodged in local government guest houses. If he could not find out any local guest house, he was lodged in royal inn, and in his relatives houses or irregularly in buddhist temples. Most meals were supplied by local royal governments. The activities in his journeys were varied on his travel objectives. In his private journey, it was the main activities that maintaining ancestor's tombs and having a memorial service. During the trip, he visited his relatives. His official trips, on the other hand, had a regularity. Main activities were dealing with public works, and visiting Hyanggyo (country public school). However in the midway, he visited his relatives and had a journey to scenic places.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2023

The East Sea, one of the regions where the most rapid warming is occurring, is known to have important implications for the response of the ocean to future climate changes because it not only reacts sensitively to climate change but also has a much shorter turnover time (hundreds of years) than the ocean (thousands of years). However, the processes underlying changes in seawater characteristics at the sea's deep and abyssal layers, and meridional overturning circulation have recently been examined only after international cooperative observation programs for the entire sea allowed in-situ data in a necessary resolution and accuracy along with recent improvement in numerical modeling. In this review, previous studies on the physical characteristics of seawater at deeper parts of the East Sea, and meridional overturning circulation are summarized to identify any remaining issues. The seawater below a depth of several hundreds of meters in the East Sea has been identified as the Japan Sea Proper Water (East Sea Proper Water) due to its homogeneous physical properties of a water temperature below 1℃ and practical salinity values ranging from 34.0 to 34.1. However, vertically high-resolution salinity and dissolved oxygen observations since the 1990s enabled us to separate the water into at least three different water masses (central water, CW; deep water, DW; bottom water, BW). Recent studies have shown that the physical characteristics and boundaries between the three water masses are not constant over time, but have significantly varied over the last few decades in association with time-varying water formation processes, such as convection processes (deep slope convection and open-ocean deep convection) that are linked to the re-circulation of the Tsushima Warm Current, ocean-atmosphere heat and freshwater exchanges, and sea-ice formation in the northern part of the East Sea. The CW, DW, and BW were found to be transported horizontally from the Japan Basin to the Ulleung Basin, from the Ulleung Basin to the Yamato Basin, and from the Yamato Basin to the Japan Basin, respectively, rotating counterclockwise with a shallow depth on the right of its path (consistent with the bottom topographic control of fluid in a rotating Earth). This horizontal deep circulation is a part of the sea's meridional overturning circulation that has undergone changes in the path and intensity. Yet, the linkages between upper and deeper circulation and between the horizontal and meridional overturning circulation are not well understood. Through this review, the remaining issues to be addressed in the future were identified. These issues included a connection between the changing properties of CW, DW, and BW, and their horizontal and overturning circulations; the linkage of deep and abyssal circulations to the upper circulation, including upper water transport from and into the Western Pacific Ocean; and processes underlying the temporal variability in the path and intensity of CW, DW, and BW.