중소기업연구 (Korean small business review)

한국중소기업학회 (The Korean Association of Small Business studies)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

혁신적 조직 구조 확립이 사내 기업가정신과 기업 성과에 미치는 영향

A Study on the Influence of Innovative Structure to Corporate Entrepreneurship and Business Performance

  • 김진수 (중앙대학교 경영경제대학 경영학부) ;
  • 황인호 (국민대학교 교양대학)
  • Kim, Jin-soo (College of Business & Economics, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Hwang, Inho (Department of General Education, Kookmin University)
  • 투고 : 2020.07.07
  • 심사 : 2020.08.19
  • 발행 : 2020.09.30
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

4차산업혁명은 산업 및 기술간의 융합을 통해 기업 환경을 급격히 변화시키고 있으며, 조직은 생존을 위해 다각적인 혁신을 요구받고 있다. 특히, 글로벌 경쟁환경에 신속하게 대처하기 위하여 사내 기업가정신을 통한 사내벤처 활성화가 국내 기업에 전반적으로 확산되고 있다. 하지만, 많은 기업이 사내기업가정신에 대한 준비와 역량이 부족함에 따라 조직내 혁신을 통한 혁신활동 성과 및 기업의 재무적 성과에 크게 기여하지 못하는 사례가 많은 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구의 목적은 사내 기업가정신이 기업의 성과에 미치는 긍정적 영향을 파악함은 물론 혁신활동과 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 요인을 실증적으로 분석함으로써, 사내 기업가정신 활성화를 통한 기업의 혁신활동과 기업성과를 제고 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 표본은 2017년 한국청년기업가정신 재단에서 수행한 2017년 기업가정신 실태조사: 기업편 데이터 중 10인 이상 기업 데이터를 활용하였다. 가설검정은 유효표본 1,326개를 활용하였으며, 구조방정식 모델링을 통해 연구 모델의 경로간의 영향 관계를 파악하였다. 분석 결과, 사내 기업가정신이 혁신적 아이디어 활동성과와 기업 성과를 높이는 것으로 나타났으며, 혁신적 비전 및 전략, 혁신적 조직 문화 수립이 사내 기업가정신을 높이는 것을 확인하였다. 더불어, 혁신적 운영체계가 사내 기업가정신과 아이디어 활동 성과간의 긍정적 영향관계를 강화하는 조절효과를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 사내 기업가정신과 성과간의 관계 및 혁신 조직 구조와 사내 기업가정신과의 다각적 관계를 제시함으로써 국내 사내 기업가정신 관련 선행 연구의 학술적 시사점을 가지며, 사내 기업가정신 확산 및 성과로 연계시키기 위한 전략적 방향을 제시하였다는 측면에서 실무적 시사점을 가진다.

The 4th Industrial Revolution is rapidly changing the business environment and enterprises are required to accelerate various innovative activities for sustainable competitiveness. Recently corporate entrepreneurship is widely spread to organization for establishing innovative corporate culture and stimulating corporate ventures. However, many enterprises are not successful and productive due to lack of readiness of corporate entrepreneruship. Therefore, finding the factors influencing corporate entreprensurship, innovative activities and business performance is a very important research issues. A research model and hypothesis are developed by through literature review to analyze positive effects of corporate entrepreneurship to corporate performance and influential effects of factors such as innovation-based efforts at the organizational level, vision and organizational strategies and innovative operating system to corporate entrepreneurship and business performance. The result of Entrepreneurship Survey with Corporates conducted by Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation in 2017 is used for the research sample. Hypothesis test used 1,326 samples and the structural equation modeling is applied. The results show that corporate entrepreneurship improves innovative idea activity performance and business performance. And, establishing innovative vision and strategies and innovative organizational culture enhances corporate entrepreneurship. In addition, it was confirmed that the innovative operational system has a moderating effect that strengthens the positive influence relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and innovative idea performance. The results of this study have implications for previous research on corporate entrepreneurship in Korea by presenting the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship and business performance and the multilateral relationships between innovative organizational structure and corporate entrepreneurship.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 고석면.박인양(2002), "관광호텔종사원의 서비스지향성이 조직성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 인천지역을 중심으로," 「관광경영연구」, 제6권, 제1호, pp, 1-22.
  2. 김구(2007), "지방행정기관의 혁신을 위한 조직문화 개선방안: 강원도 소재 행정기관을 중심으로," 「한국정책과학학회보」, 제11권, 제3호, pp. 153-177.
  3. 김기웅.김문선(2017), "중소기업의 성장 관점에서 사내 기업가정신이 경영성과에 미치는 영향 실증분석," 「벤처창업연구」, 제12권, 제5호, pp. 13-28. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.12.5.201710.13
  4. 김선광.곽영환.안관영.권혁대(2014), "사내 기업가정신이 점진적 혁신활동과 경영 성과에 미치는 효과에 관한 연구: 금융서비스업을 중심으로," 「서비스경영학회지」, 제15권, 제3호, pp. 277-306.
  5. 김선주.최승욱(2016), "조직 구성원의 기업가정신 수준 (역량, 태도, CEO 지원)이 기업의 기업가적 문화와 구조, 운영체계에 미치는 영향: 국내 디자인기업을 중심으로," 「벤처창업연구」, 제11권, 제4호, pp. 103-116. https://doi.org/10.16972/APJBVE.11.4.201608.103
  6. 김영수.고종남.강영규(2010), "중소기업의 조직문화가 사내기업가정신을 매개로 한 기술혁신에 미치는 영향," 「상업교육연구」, 제24권, 제4호, pp. 351-380.
  7. 박정우(2014), "조직기업가정신이 기업성과에 미치는 영향: 외식산업 종사자들의 조직몰입 매개효과를 중심으로," 「한국외식산업학회지」, 제10권, 제2호, pp. 23-33.
  8. 배종태.차민석(2009), "기업가정신의 확장과 활성화," 「중소기업연구」, 제31권, 제1호, pp. 109-128.
  9. 신호창.윤선현.최홍림.이종혁.유재웅.박현유.박조원(2008), "바람직한 조직문화 형성을 위한 사내 커뮤니케이션 진단," 「홍보학연구」, 제12권, 제2호, pp. 44-81.
  10. 안관영(2012), "사내 기업가정신이 관리혁신에 미치는 효과 및 비전공유의 조절 효과," 「대한안전경영과학회지」, 제14권, 제4호, pp. 333-339. https://doi.org/10.12812/KSMS.2012.14.4.333
  11. 안운석.오종철(2003), "e-business 활용과 비재무적 경영성과간의 이론적 고찰," 「서비스경영학회지」, 제4권, 제3호, pp. 135-154.
  12. 이재강.박태경(2017), "국내 사내기업가정신 연구 현황과 향후 연구 방향," 「전략경영연구」, 제20권, 제2호, pp. 1-25.
  13. 이재훈.이정호.윤정현(2007), "기업가정신과 공식화 및 조직문화와 조직성과 간의 관련성에 관한 연구," 「경영연구」, 제22권, pp. 91-118. https://doi.org/10.22903/JBR.2007.22.1.91
  14. 이주연.박태경(2015), "사내 기업가정신의 선행요인과 성과: 발견이론과 창조이론 관점," 「경영학연구」, 제44권, 제5호, pp. 1421-1444.
  15. 이창영.황인호.김진수(2016), "기술창업 초기기업의 성장의도와 성과에 미치는 영향," 「벤처창업연구」, 제11권, 제2호, pp. 49-62.
  16. 장수덕.최석봉(2013), "중소기업 중간관리자들의 조직 내 기업가정신 인식과 혁신적 업무행동 간의 관계," 「인적자원관리연구」, 제20권, 제2호, pp. 27-54.
  17. 정대용.노경훈(2010), "벤처기업의 사회적 자본이 조직기업가정신을 매개로 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구," 「한국산학기술학회논문지」, 제11권, 제5호, pp. 1863-1872. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2010.11.5.1863
  18. 한국청년기업가정신재단(2017), 2017 기업가정신실태조사: 기업편.
  19. 황인호.김진수.고혁진(2019), "혁신적 조직 구조와 피드백이 사내 기업가정신과 혁신적 아이디어성과에 미치는 영향," 「경영컨설팅연구」, 제19권, pp. 203-215.
  20. KB금융지주경영연구소(2016), 내부 기업 가정신과 사내 벤처.
  21. Ahmed, P. K.(1998), "Culture and climate for innovation," European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601069810199131
  22. Amabile, T. M. and R. Conti(1999), "Changes in the work environment for creativity during downsizing," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.42, No.6, pp. 630-640. https://doi.org/10.2307/256984
  23. Antoncic, B. and I. Prodan(2008), "Alliances, corporate technological entrepreneurship and firm performance: Testing a model on manufacturing firms," Technovation, Vol.28, No.5, pp. 257-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2007.07.005
  24. Aktan, B. and C. Bulut(2008), "Financial performance impacts of corporate entrepreneurship in emerging markets: A case of Turkey," European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1530-2275.
  25. Andersson, M., O. Moen, and P. O. Brett(2020), "The organizational climate for psychological safety: Associations with SMEs' innovation capabilities and innovation performance," Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol.55, Advance online publication.
  26. Beckmann, M., A. Zeyen, and A. Krzeminska(2014), Mission, finance, and innovation: The similarities and differences between social entrepreneurship and social business. In Social business (pp. 23-41). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  27. Beheshtifar, M. and F. Shariatifar(2013), "A study of relationship between organizational structure and culture with corporate entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Journal, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 19-32.
  28. Berger, P. L., T. Luckmann, and D. Zifonun(1967). The social construction of reality. London: Penguin Press. Google Scholar.
  29. Chen, J. X., P. Sharma, W. Zhan, and L. Liu(2019), "Demystifying the impact of CEO transformational leadership on firm performance: Interactive roles of exploratory innovation and environmental uncertainty," Journal of Business Research, Vol.96, pp. 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.10.061
  30. Chen, Y., Y. Wang, S. Nevo, J. Benitez-Amado, and G. Kou(2015), "IT capabilities and product innovation performance: The roles of corporate entrepreneurship and competitive intensity," Information & Management, Vol.52, No.6, pp. 643-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.05.003
  31. Covin, J. G. and G. T. Lumpkin(2011), "Entrepreneurial orientation theory and research: Reflections on a needed construct," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.35, No.5, pp. 855-872. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00482.x
  32. Covin, J. G. and D. P. Slevin(1989), "Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
  33. Dawson, J. F.(2014), "Moderation in management research: What, why, when and how," Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol.29, pp. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9308-7
  34. Garvin, D. A. and L. C. Levesque(2006), "Meeting the challenge of corporate entrepreneurship," Harvard Business Review, Vol.84, No.10, pp. 102-119.
  35. Goodale, J. C., D. F. Kuratko, J. S. Hornsby, and J. G. Covin(2011), "Operations management and corporate entrepreneurship: The moderating effect of operations control on the antecedents of corporate entrepreneurial activity in relation to innovation performance," Journal of Operations Management, Vol.29, No.1-2, pp. 116-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2010.07.005
  36. Fornell, C. and D. F. Larcker (1981), "Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error," Journal of Marketing Research, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 39-50. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  37. Hayton, J. C.(2005), "Promoting corporate entrepreneurship through human resource management practices: A review of empirical research," Human Resource Management Review, Vol.15, No.1, pp. 21-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2005.01.003
  38. Hsu, C. C., K. C. Tan, J. Jayaram, and T. Laosirihongthong(2014), "Corporate entrepreneurship, operations core competency and innovation in emerging economiesm," International Journal of Production Research, Vol.52, No.18, pp. 5467-5483. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2014.915069
  39. Hult, G. T. M., R. F. Hurley, and G. A. Knight(2004), "Innovativeness: Its antecedents and impact on business performance," Industrial Marketing Management, Vol.33, No.5, pp. 429-438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.08.015
  40. Ininosight(2016), Corporate longevity: turbulence ahead for large organizations.
  41. Ireland, R. D., J. G. Covin, and D. F. Kuratko(2009), "Conceptualizing corporate entrepreneurship strategy," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 19-46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00279.x
  42. Kanter, R. M.(1988), "When a thousand flowers bloom: Structural, collective, and social conditions for innovation in organizations," Knowledge Management and Organisational Design, Vol.10, pp. 93-131.
  43. Kantur, D. and A. Iseri Say(2013), "Organizational context and firm level entrepreneurship: a multiple case analysi," Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 305-325. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811311328362
  44. Kaplan, R. S. and D. P. Norton(1996), "Linking the balanced scorecard to strategy," California Management Review, Vol.39, No.1, pp. 53-79. https://doi.org/10.2307/41165876
  45. Kotler, P. and M. Murray(1975), "Third sector management-The role of marketing," Public Administration Review, Vol.35, pp. 467-472. https://doi.org/10.2307/974176
  46. Kuratko, D. F., J. S. Hornsby, and J. G. Covin(2014), "Diagnosing a firm's internal environment for corporate entrepreneurship," Business Horizons, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.08.009
  47. Kuratko, D. F., J. S. Hornsby, and M. G. Goldsby(2007), "The relationship of stakeholder salience, organizational posture, and entrepreneurial intensity to corporate entrepreneurship," Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 56-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/10717919070130040801
  48. Kuratko, D. F., R. V. Montagno, and J. S. Hornsby(1990), "Developing an intrapreneurial assessment instrument for an effective corporate entrepreneurial environment," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.11, No.1, pp. 49-58.
  49. Lin, G. C., Z. Wen, H. W. Marsh, and H. S. Lin(2010), "Structural equation models of latent interactions: Clarification of orthogonalizing and double-mean-centering strategies," Structural Equation Modeling, Vol.17, No.3, pp. 374-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2010.488999
  50. Madanmohan, T. R.(2005), "Incremental technical innovations and their determinants," International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.9, No.4, pp. 481-510. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919605001356
  51. Martin-Rojas, R., V. J. Garcia-Morales, and M. T. Bolivar-Ramos(2013), "Influence of technological support, skills and competencies, and learning on corporate entrepreneurship in European technology firms," Technovation, Vol.33, No.12, pp. 417-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2013.08.002
  52. McDonald, R. E.(2007), "An investigation of innovation in nonprofit organizations: The role of organizational mission," Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 256-281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006295996
  53. McDougall, P. P., S. Shane and B. M. Oviatt(1994), "Explaining the formation of international new ventures: The limits of theories from international business research," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.9, No.6, pp. 469-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)90017-5
  54. Miller, D.(1983), "The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms," Management Science, Vol.29, No.7, pp. 770-791. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  55. Miller, D. and L. Le Breton-Miller(2006), "Family governance and firm performance: Agency, stewardship, and capabilities," Family Business Review, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x
  56. Mokaya, S. O.(2012), "Corporate entrepreneurship and organizational performance theoretical perspectives, approaches and outcomes," International Journal of Arts and Commerce, Vol.1, No.4, pp. 133-143.
  57. Mumford, M. D. and S. B. Gustafson(1988), "Creativity syndrome: Integration, application, and innovation," Psychological Bulletin, Vol.103, No.1, pp. 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.103.1.27
  58. Naman, J. L., and D. P. Slevin(1993), "Entrepreneurship and the concept of fit: A model and empirical tests," Strategic Management Journal, Vol.14, No.2, pp. 137-153. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140205
  59. Nunnally, J. C.(1978), Psychometric theory(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
  60. Sakhdari, K.(2016), "Corporate entrepreneurship: A review and future research agenda," Technology Innovation Management Review, Vol.6, No.8, pp. 5-18. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview1007
  61. Petzer, D., C. De Meyer, G. Svensson, and M. J. de Villiers Scheepers(2012), "Antecedents of strategic corporate entrepreneurship," European Business Review, Vol.24, No.5, pp. 400-424. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341211254508
  62. Schein, E. H.(1983), "The role of the founder in creating organizational culture," Organizational Dynamics, Vol.12, No.1, pp. 13-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(83)90023-2
  63. Scott, S. G. and R. A. Bruce(1994), "Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 580-607. https://doi.org/10.2307/256701
  64. Simsek, Z., M. H. Lubatkin, J. F. Veiga, and R. N. Dino(2009), "The role of an entrepreneurially alert information system in promoting corporate entrepreneurship," Journal of Business research, Vol.62, No.8, pp. 810-817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.03.002
  65. Stevenson, H. H. and J. C. Jarillo(2007), A paradigm of entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial management. In Entrepreneurship (pp. 155-170). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
  66. Subramaniam, M. and M. A. Youndt(2005), "The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities," Academy of Management Journal, Vol.48, No.3, pp. 450-463. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2005.17407911
  67. Schumpeter, J. A. (1942), Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. 3d ed., New York: Harper & Row.
  68. Turro, A., D. Urbano, and M. Peris-Ortiz(2014), "Culture and innovation: The moderating effect of cultural values on corporate entrepreneurship," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol.88, pp. 360-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.004
  69. Valuer(2019), How innovation helped fortune 500 companies remain relevant.
  70. Wixom, B. H. and H. J. Watson(2001), "An empirical investigation of the factors affecting data warehousing success", MIS Quarterly, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 17-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250957
  71. Wolcott, R. C. and M. J. Lippitz(2007), "The four models of corporate entrepreneurship," MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 49, No.1, pp. 75-82.
  72. Yunis, M., A. Tarhini, and A. Kassar(2018), "The role of ICT and innovation in enhancing organizational performance: The catalysing effect of corporate entrepreneurship," Journal of Business Research, Vol.88, pp. 344-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.12.030
  73. Zahra, S. A. and J. G. Covin(1995), "Contextual influences on the corporate entrepreneurship-performance relationship: A longitudinal analysis," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.10, No.1, pp. 43-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(94)00004-E
  74. Zahra, S. A. and D. M. Garvis(2000), "International corporate entrepreneurship and firm performance: The moderating effect of international environmental hostility," Journal of Business Venturing, Vol.15, No.5-6, pp. 469-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(99)00036-1
  75. Ziegler, R.(2020), "Paludiculture as a critical sustainability innovation mission," Research Policy, Vol.49, No.5, Advance online publication.