• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.3-35
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• 2018

This article critically reviews the arguments that deny the financial feasbility and effectiveness of universal basic income as an alternative to existing social security systems and makes some suggestions to design effective and efficient basic income schemes. Regarding the financial feasibility of universal basic income, I argue that replacement of the existing regressive tax expenditures with universal basic income without raising tax rates can effectively reduce tax burden or provide income support to a majority of people except the rich. Addition of basic income to the tax base and reduction of the number of beneficiaries of public assistance and the amount of cash payment for them can further help save money. Regarding the redistributive effect, I note that the targeting ability of the existing social security systems is not good and that "the paradox of redistribution" that universal-type programs tend to be more redistributive than selective programs applies to universal basic income as well. I demonstrate significant redistributive effect of a hypothetical revenue-neutral basic income scheme and reviews several empirical studies done in Korea and abroad to show that basic income can be more effective in redistribution than social insurances or public assistance programs. Lastly, I emphasize the need to construct a reliable tax-benefit microsimulation model to help researchers to study redistributive effects of basic income schemes and other taxes and social policies.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2019

The Seosan Geomenyeo(black submerged rocks), once located at the Cheonsuman bay of Buseokmyeon in Seosan, Korea, is a reef rock now exposed on the land surface. The Geomenyeo can also be found in the ancient geographic maps around the area. The local geographic names, like Buseok and Buseoksa temple are derived from the Geomenyeo. It is composed of ultramafic rocks complex and intrusive felsic igneous rocks. These rocks show diverse facies with various petrographic characteristics caused by geological processes such as intrusion and alteration. Ultramafic rocks complex can be roughly categorized as coarse grained ultramafic rocks and medium grained mafic rocks. Both cases are composed of pyroxene and amphibole, showing the general rock facies of pyroxenite, diabase and lamprophyre. Felsic igneous rocks includes pinkish medium grained granite, porphyritic amphibole granite and aplite with varied mineral compositions. The Geomenyeo is the only ultramafic rocks complex in the Cheonsuman Bay; moreover, it has a distinctive geological and scenic value, as well as a symbolic property. In order to preserve the Geomenyeo, it is necessary to investigate and promote it as a designated heritage site through academic studies, and compensate for the convenience and protection facilities. Additionally, the Geomenyeo should be evaluated as a maritime heritage site, due to the unique local culture as it succeeds the recognition of forefathers which regarded it as a local scenic site with significance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.651-658
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• 2022

To cope with climate change, studies are being conducted on natural-based solutions (NBS) that reduce carbon by utilizing ecosystems and ecological resources ultimately to achieve carbon neutrality. In this study, carbon storage and economic value evaluations were conducted of the coastal land and sea of Busan using InVEST's Carbon and Coastal Blue Carbon models, which are ecosystem service-based evaluation models. As a result, it is estimated that the amount of carbon storage per unit area is lower than that of the entire Busan land area and that if the currently underway or planned development works are completed, the carbon storage of the coastal land areas would be decreased more. Coastal sea areas have less carbon storage than coastal land, but there is great potential for NBS that utilize ecological resources in the future. If the reclamation of public water affects important habitats with high carbon storage levels, it will reduce these levels, and such negative effects could last for a long time. For the sustainable management of Busan coastal areas, ecosystem service-based management strategies are needed considering carbon storage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1072-1080
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze major keywords and social phenomena related to 'plogging' in the sports field and to derive important information. In order to achieve this purpose, the news analysis system BIG Kinds provided by the Korea Press Promotion Foundation was used to analyze it. The analysis period is from 2018 to 2022, and 42 of the 5,148 news collected were finally used and analyzed. Frequency analysis, relationship map analysis, and related word analysis were performed as analysis methods, and the results are as follows. First, as a result of the frequency analysis related to 'Plogging' in the sports field, keywords such as 'Jeju', 'Players', 'World Marathon', 'SSG', and 'Lee Bong-ju' were identified. Second, as a result of the analysis of the relationship related to 'Plogging' in the sports field, keywords such as 'COVID-19', 'national representative', 'elite', 'masters', and 'COVID' were identified. Third, as a result of the analysis of words related to 'Plogging' in the sports field, keywords such as 'synthesized words', 'volunteer activities,' 'masters untact', 'Jeju', and 'athletes' were identified. In the domestic professional sports field, it has been shown that plogging is actively used for environmental activities and professional team promotion to practice carbon neutrality by international sports organizations.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.329-341
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• 2012

Magai Wareiishi Jizo (Buddhist statue carved on rock surface) is close to shoreline and a part of rock block is periodically immersed by seawater. Rock material of the Wareiishi-jizo statue is composed mainly of medium or coarse-grained biotite granite and very durable. However, physical properties of the rock have been changed according to the complex interactions of the salt solution and surrounding environment. Exfoliation of the rock surface is a serious condition by salt crystallization. Exfoliation (14.6%) is concentrated on the upper part of the rock block with mainly boundary of seawater as the center. On the other hand, lower part of the rock block show black layers by contaminants deposition. In addition, brown discoloration and biological contaminants is overlapped. Rock surface show high discoloration rate of 50.5% (black discoloration, 29.2% > yellow discoloration, 14.1% > brown discoloration, 4.4% > green discoloration, 2.9%). Upper part of the rock block had a lot of change in the physical properties than lower part that is immersed by seawater. In particular, surface properties of the rock block was very weak state at the boundary surface of seawater permeation.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.149-162
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• 2019

In the macro-tide open coast of the Korean western coast, typhoon effects were investigated in terms of variations on topography, surface sediment, and sedimentary environment, which appeared before and after the typhoon Kompasu of 2010. The Kompasu of small size and strong intensity landed on the southwestern coast of the Korean Peninsula and passed across the inland between September 1st and 2nd in 2010. Topography and surface sediments before and after the typhoon were measured and sampled along the survey line of 22 sites in the Gochang Donghori intertidal flat. The intertidal area was divided into high tidal zone, middle tidal zone, and lower tidal zone on the basis of mean high water level, mean sea level, and mean low water level. Topographic variation before and after the typhoon represented deposition of average 0.03 m in high tidal zone, erosion of average -0.15 m in middle tidal zone, and erosion of average -0.39 m in lower tidal zone, respectively. Surface sediments of the intertidal flat consisted mainly of fine to medium sands, and the ratio of fine sand was the largest both before and after the typhoon. Surface sediments after the typhoon became finer in mean grain size showing well sorting rather than those before the typhoon.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of bone mineral density according to distal radius rotation and to develop the supporting tool to measure rotation angles. Materials and Methods : CT scanning and the measurement of BMD by DXA of the appropriate position of the forearm were performed on 20 males. Twenty healthy volunteers without any history of operations, anomalies, or trauma were enrolled. The CT scan was used to evaluate the cross sectional structure and the rotation angle on the horizontal plane of the distal radius. The rotational angle was measured by the m-view program on the PACS monitor. The DXA was used in 20 dried radii of cadaveric specimens in pronation and supination with five and ten degrees, respectively, including a neutral position (zero degrees) to evaluate the changes of BMD according to the rotation. Results : The mean rotation angle of the distal radius on CT was 7.4 degrees of supination in 16 cases (80%), 3.3 degrees of pronation in three cases (15%), and zero degree of neutral in one case (9%), respectively. The total average rotation angle in 20 people was 5.4 degrees of supination. In the cadaveric study, the BMD of the distal radius was different according to the rotational angles. The lowest BMD was obtained at 3.3 degrees of supination. Conclusion : In the case of the measurement of BMD in the distal radius with a neutral position, the rotational angle of the distal radius is close to supination. Pronation is needed for the constant measurement of BMD in the distal radius with the rotation angle measuring at the lowest BMD and about five degrees of pronation of the distal radius is recommended.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2018

The patient who has severely absorbed residual ridges, treatments are challenging to satisfy many factors: support, retention, stability, etc. The neutral zone or monoplane occlusion with non-anatomical tooth would be helpful to get additional retention and stability. The monoplane occlusion has been used long time because it can eliminate horizontal forces and many other advantages. The lingualized occlusion was introduced to improve chewing efficiency and esthetics. But from a stability aspect, it seems controversy between monoplane occlusion and lingualized occlusion. This case report shows the results of the treat two flat residual ridge patients using functional impression; piezography, and made 2 other dentures with monoplane and lingualized occlusion that patient can select denture.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.8 no.1 s.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 1999

The present aspect of the Seoggulam is the result of natural weathering of the rocks and influences by mankind. The rocks constituting the Seoggulam is granodiorite of medium and coarse grains which show brown to dark brown weathered surface resulted mainly from chemical weathering of feldspars. It also shows partly milky white or black colors due to influences by weathering products of cement used in the concrete dome and cracks. There are cracks and crack zones with very small cracks which may be formed by strong weathering and influences of shocks during operations of reconstitution and repair. However, for the better conservation, it must be considered to maintain the balances of temperature and moisture, especially relative moisture in places within the room, structural stability, and the influences of vibration made up by some reasons.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

The Bayon style Avalokitesvara statue from the $13^{th}$ century Angkor period is on display at the Cambodia Angkor Conservation Office. This statue is composed of dark green felthspathic greywacke, the surface of which has been shown light brown discoloration, detected calcite crystallization. As a result of condition assessment, the statue was damaged due to overlap scaling and cracking. Ultrasonic tests have investigated remarkable physical weathering area, flaking and fragmentation in lower velocity. The physical condition of the statue requires a conservation method that improves the binding power. To protect against salt weathering and to ensure physical stability, new conservation material composed of mixed ethyl silicate and sandstone powder similar to that composing the statue was created. The material affected by damage was removed and replaced with the new conservation material.