• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.67-75
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate difference between walking practice and happiness of one-person households according to the life cycles. This is a secondary analysis study using data from the 2021 Community Health Survey. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 program for composite sample statistical analysis. As a result, in old age, there were many women, low education, and non-economic activities, and there were many basic living and less than 7 hours of sleep. The walking practice of one-person households was low in youth, middle age, and old age of one-person households. The level of happiness by life cycles of one-person households was 6.69 points in youth, 6.43 points in old age, and 6.19 points in middle age, and the happiness of middle age was the lowest. In youth, middle age, and old age of one-person households, there was a significant differences in happiness depending on walking practice. Therefore, social, welfare, and policy strategies should be developed to encourage walking to improve happiness of one-person households.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.601-608
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• 2021

This study was conducted using data from the 2019 National Statistical Office's Life Time Survey, It was to investigate the effect of time-perception on the time-use pattern of 594 single middle-aged women in the city. This study found that there were differences of time management for daily behaviors between the insufficiently-percieved group and the sufficiently-percieved group. The both spent the most time with personal management. Secondly, the sufficiently-perceived group spent the more time with leisure activities than the insufficiently one did; the insufficiently-perceived one did the more work than the sufficiently-perceived one. The founding suggested the difference of time-use pattern by time-perception of the middle-aged women in the city. Also, the leisure activities and work were key factors to understand the daily life of the city-living middle-aged women.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.273-305
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the essence of the self-care experiences of middle-aged one-person households considering their individual circumstances and situational context. In this study, 10 middle-aged people in one-person households were interviewed. The interview data were analyzed using the phenomenological analysis. In result, middle-aged one-person households considered self-care as 'means to protect themselves', 'preparation for their single life in late adulthood', and 'behavior to feel gratitude and happiness in the present.' Their motives for self-care were 'being aware of their physical aging and possibility of illnesse', 'feeling threatened about their safety', 'sensing that their daily livings may be at a risk', 'absence of a caregiven person who can take care of them', 'maintaining of their psychological health', 'being burned out from busy working schedules', and 'to lessen their own and their family's worries and anxiety.' Their specific ways of self-care were 'physical health care', 'private activities for emotional care', and 'meeting people.' Consequently, the self-care of middle-aged people had a positive impact on their work and relationships, lessened their sense of isolation, and brought comfort to their lives. Based on the results of the study, this study proposed the implications, limitations, and suggestions for further research.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.153-167
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• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing health-related quality of life in middle and old adult one-person households. Method: This study carried out secondary analysis using the data from the $7^{th}$ Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Subject samples who were selected are 497 middle and old adult one-person households over 40 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple and multiple regression techniques with the SPSS/WIN 24 program. Result: Factors influencing health-related quality of life in middle adult one-person households were activity limitation, depression, exercise, smoking habits with 57% prediction. In male old adult one-person households they were subjective health, metabolic syndrome, activity limitation, perceived stress with 44.8% prediction and in female old adult one-person households they were subjective health, activity limitation, home income with 35.9% prediction. Conclusion: Therefore, to improve their health-related quality of life it needs to develop & to apply national and local promotion policy and intervention program on health-related quality of life of middle and old adult one-person households.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.696-703
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze determinant factors of the life satisfaction of adults with brain lesions disabilities so as to provide suggestion for improving the quality of life. I used the data on second wave 4th Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled. The total number of respondents was 281, 54 respondents of one-person households and 227 respondents of multi-person households. The data was analyzed using SPSS Win 25.0 program and utilizing χ² test, ANOVA, logistic regression analysis. Results of study were : First, The one-person households group showed middle aged and the elderly, lower income, basis living security recipient, lower help for daily life, lower participation in social activities than multi-person group. Second, level of disability, health status, participation in social activities, experience of discrimination were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of multi-person households. And gender, age, health status, employment, experience of discrimination were found to have a significant effect on the life satisfaction of one-person households. Base on the results of this study, suggested for improving the quality of life in adults with brain lesions disabilities by households type.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2020

In modern society, the number of one-person households is increasing significantly. In particular, one-person households have rapidly increased around local small and medium-sized cities. This study examines the characteristics of local small and medium-sized cities by factor and cluster analysis. Analysis of variance are applied to the characteristics of one-person household in different local cities to find the relationship between different types of cities and the characteristics of one-person households. As a result of the study, local small and medium-sized cities are classified into growth stagnation cities, industrial leading cities, regional base cities, and population outflow cities. It is also found that there are several different types of local cities based on the characteristics of one-person households. The growth stagnation city is a city where the regional economy is revitalized due to the development of regional industries in the past. One-person households have a small age group in their 30s and 40s, which are the basis of industrial activities. They have a high proportion of older generation living in more than three rooms in their homes. It is necessary to supply long-term public rental housing and share houses for older generation. The leading city of the industry is a city where the local economy is revitalized as workers are concentrated. One-person households are evenly distributed among all age groups, and the apartment occupancy rate is the highest compared to other types. It is necessary to provide happy housing for youth generation and reconstruction or renovation housing of manhood generation. The regional base city leads the regional base function and the regional economy, but it has reduced workers. Many of one-person households are younger than 30 years old and college educated. They are also high rate of unmarried and live at one room as rental houses. It is needed to expand the supply of small houses such as apartments, officetels and rented houses for youth generation. The population outflow city has a slow local economy and a rural residential environment. It is found that the households of one-person households have high rate of bereavement and the age. They live more than four rooms in single-family homes. It is necessary not only to provide welfare housing but also to create a sound residential environment where cultural exchange is possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.283-292
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• 2023

Considering that the number of middle-aged single-person households is increasing, this study investigates dietary behaviors, nutrient intake, and mental health according to household type. Data were procured from the 2015-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Totally, 5,466 participants aged 50-64 years were classified into 2 groups: a household with one member was defined as a single-person household, and households with two or more members were described as multi-person households. Single-person households comprised 10.63% of the total, with a higher average age, and lower income and economic levels than multi-person households. Compared to multi-person households, single-person households had a higher frequency of skipping breakfast, eating alone, and dining out, the moderately and severely food insecure group was more than 5 times, and nutrient intake and dietary quality were poorer. In the fully adjusted model, the odds ratios (ORs) of depressive symptoms were 2.35 times (95% CI: 1.39-3.96), and suicide ideation was 1.95 times (95% CI: 1.35-2.82) in single-person compared to multi-person households. Our results lead us to conclude that poor dietary intake in middle-aged single-person households affects the mental health, and the above factors should be considered when framing the dietary policy.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.537-550
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• 2011

This study was conducted to identify behavioral characteristics of salty food intake according to saline sensitivity of adults living in a rural area. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured and salt intake-related dietary behavior was surveyed by questionnaires through interviews with 402 subjects aged ${\geq}$ 40 years in Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea. The percentages of overweight and obese among the subjects were 37.8% and 3.8% respectively. Mean blood pressure of the subjects was in the normal range, but the distribution of subjects who were normotensive, high normal, and hypertensive was 48.7%, 17.7%, and 33.6% respectively. Approximately 27% of all subjects habitually consumed salty food, which was the smallest group, followed by 38.1% normal and 35.1% not-salty food. However, 34.6% of the eldest group of ${\geq}$ 65 years consumed salty food. The saline insensitive group showed a higher percentage of irregular meals, overeating, speed-eating, an unbalanced diet, a preference for fried food, and habitual intake of salty foods. These subjects recognized the risk for eating salty food, but they lacked the will to reduce their salty food intake. Compared to spouses and family members, experts such as doctors, nurses, and dieticians were the most influential for reducing the salty food intake of subjects. Saline sensitive group had relatively better control over salty food intake at every meal, eating out, and even when eating salty food that the spouse preferred. The saline sensitive group ate more frequently vegetables and fruits, whereas the saline insensitive group ate more frequently hot spicy foods. In conclusion, the results suggest that it is necessary to establish a social atmosphere toward reducing salt intake at the level of the government and food industry and to set action plans to be available for nutrition education programs to reduce salt intake nationwide.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.480-500
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• 2011

This paper aims to describe the rapid growth of the one-person households in terms of the socio-economic demographic perspectives during the period of 1995-2005 and to analyze the spatial distribution patterns based on different characteristics of one-person households. The increase in the divorce ratio in the middle-aged, the growth of unmarried people the young generation, and the increase of life expectancy in the old generation are explanatory factors for the rise and diversification of one-person households in Korea. The rapid increase of one-person households is accompanied by a diversification in their age, gender, marital status, education level. Uneven distribution of one-person households depends on their age, level of education and dwelling type. Highly educated young adults residing in their own apartment are generally concentrated in major cities, whereas senior citizen with their own single house who lives alone are mostly in rural area. One-person households of the highly educated young adults are significantly polarized in the light of their the living standards. In particular, metropolitan area or big cities are mixed with those who have their own apartment and are financially capacity and with those who rent in a detached single house. As such, one-person households have considerably heterogeneous characteristics. Therefore, each local government will face different economic and social problems based on which group of one-person households are increasing and where they are concentrated in. To this extent, the local government should have differentiated welfare policy according to its own respect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.155-174
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrient intake and dietary diversity score (DDS) on osteoporosis after controlling for sex, age, socioeconomic level, drinking, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) as mediators using the 2015-2017 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Methods: This study was focused on the age group of 50s and older by using the 2015-2017 KNHANES data. Subjects diagnosed with osteoporosis were classified as the osteoporosis group, and the other subjects were classified as the normal group. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between nutrient intake and DDS after controlling for mediators. Results: The risk of osteoporosis was 2.38 times lower in the 50-65 age group than in the 75 years and older group. The mediators affecting the incidence of osteoporosis by age group were sex, age, household income level, and education level in the 50-64 age group; sex, education level, drinking, and BMI in the 65-74 age group; and sex, age, current smoking, drinking, BMI, and energy intake in the 75 years and older group. The effect of nutrient intake on osteoporosis, with the exception of vitamin B1, was fully mediated by these mediators. The effect of vitamin B1 was partially mediated by mediators in the age group of 65-74 years, and vitamin B1 was effective for preventing the risk of osteoporosis by 25% when consumed over EAR. The effect of DDS was partially mediated in the age group of 75 years and older, and DDS of 2 or less increased the risk of osteoporosis by 2.59 times. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it is necessary to recommend the balanced intake of various foods including grains, meat·fish·legumes, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products as dietary guidelines for the prevention of osteoporosis and promotion of bone health in the elderly.