• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.923-938
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was attempted in order to grasp oral health level according to socio-demographic characteristics in elders in some communities, and to evaluate oral health status and its association. Methods : The subjects in this study were performed with 235 people, who were over 65 years and resided in Daejeon Province, from June 20 to July 10, 2011. An individual interview was held, and they got a dental checkup. As for data analysis, chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation were utilized. Methods : The subjects in this study were performed with 235 people, who were over 65 years and resided in Daejeon Province, from June 20 to July 10, 2011. An individual interview was held, and they got a dental checkup. As for data analysis, chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, pearson correlation were utilized. Results : The older age in the whole research subjects and the lower educational level led to the less remaining teeth and the larger missing teeth index. The decayed missing filled teeth index and the decayed missing filled teeth rate were higher in more women and older age and in the lower educational level. Tooth mortality rate was higher in the older age, the lower educational level, and the group of living together with spouse. The maxillary-mandibular fixed-bridge status in the mouth was indicated to be the highest in the full-denture mounting ratio as for elders in over 80 years old. Oral Health Impact Profile(OHIP-14) average score was $56.05{\pm}11.64$ in the whole research subjects The decayed missing filled teeth index and the decayed missing filled teeth rate showed significantly positive correlation with the decayed missing filled teeth rate, tooth mortality rate and showed significantly negative correlation with OHIP-14. Tooth mortality rate showed significantly negative correlation with OHIP-14 Oral Health Impact Profile(OHIP-14) showed significantly positive correlation with its factors. Conclusions : Accordingly, the policy effort is considered to be necessary that implements in elders in order to spend active senescence, and that elders' health and oral-health behavior can be implemented continuously and preventively through classification according to elders' physical function.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the health behavior and the oral health status of workers engaged in a manufacturing business, and to analyze the related factors that affect their number if teeth loss. References for the study involved the materials of 526 individuals whose occupational categories are of a manufacturing business, amongst the survey participants in seven city or gun (county) area including Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongju-si, Mungyeong-si, Chilgok-gun, Yecheon-gun and Sangju-gun for the Community Health Survey (CHS) conducted in 2008. The CHS 2008 was conducted for three months from September to November 2008, and the survey details utilized in the study included the number of loss of teeth and teeth-brushing frequency, which was a part of CHS questionnaires and also additionally included for the study. The analysis with respect to the number of teeth loss on sociodemographic factors, was found to be significantly related to the age, educational status, average monthly income and occupation (p<.01). In the $x^2$-test in terms of the oral health status and the number of teeth loss, it was found that the teeth-brushing after lunch (p<.05) and an experience in an oral examination were statistically significant factors (p<.01). According to the multiple-regression analysis with the number of teeth loss being a dependent variable, the age, educational status, marital status and subjective oral health status were the statistically significant (p<.01). In conclusion, it is important to provide education on the teeth-brushing subjected to workers engaged in a manufacturing business with many dental caries and low educational status, and to recommend a regular scaling as well as to establish policy for creating conditions upon an oral health check-up and a tooth scaling and thus allow the maintenance of an oral health.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2017

In abdominal Ultrasonography, the fatty liver is diagnosed through hepatic parenchymal echo increased parenchymal density and unclear blood vessel boundary, and according to many studies, abdominal Ultrasonography has 60~90% of sensitivity and 84~95% of specificity in diagnosis of fatty liver, but the result of Ultrasonography is dependent on operators, so there can be difference among operators, and quantitative measurement of fatty infiltration is impossible. Among examinees who same day received abdominal Ultrasonography and chest computed tomography (CT), patients who were diagnosed with a fatty liver in the Ultrasonography were measured with liver Hounsfield Units (HU) of chest CT imaging to analyze the accuracy of the fatty liver diagnosis. Among 720 subject examinees, those who were diagnosed with a fatty liver through abdominal Ultrasonography by family physicians were 448, which is 62.2%. The result of Liver HU measurement in the chest CT imaging of those who were diagnosed with a fatty liver showed that 175 out of 720 had the measured value of less than 40 HU, which is 24.3%, and 173 were included to the 175 among 448 who were diagnosed through Ultrasonography, so 98.9% corresponded. This indicates that the operators' subjective ability has a great impact on diagnosis of lesion in Ultrasonography diagnosis of a fatty liver, and that in check up chest CT, under 40 HU in the measurement of Liver HU can be used for reference materials in diagnosis of a fatty liver.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2006

The structural analysis for the secondary lining of tunnels is generally performed by a frame analysis model. This model requires a ground loosening load estimated by some empirical methods, but the load is likely to be subjective and too large. The ground load acting on the secondary lining is due to the loss of the supporting function of the first support members such as shotcrete and rockbolts. Therefore, the equilibrium condition of the ground and the first support members should be considered to estimate the ground load acting on the secondary lining. Ground-lining interaction model, shortly GLI model, is developed on the basis of the concept that the secondary lining supports the ground deformation triggered by the loss of the support capacity of the first support members. Accordingly, the GLI model can take into account the ground load reflecting effectively not only the complex ground conditions but the installed conditions of the first support members. The load acting on the secondary lining besides the ground load includes the groundwater pressure and earthquake load. For the structural reinforcement of the secondary lining based on the ultimate strength design method, the factored load and various load combination should be considered. Since the GLI model has difficulty in dealing with the factored load, introduced in this study is the superposition principle in which the section moment and force of the secondary lining estimated for individual loads are multiplied by the load factors. Finally, the design method of the secondary lining using the GLI model is applied to the case of a shallow subway tunnel.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.4
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• pp.127-152
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• 2015

This study aimed to implement the enhancement program for the social work practice competency for children of community child center workers and to evaluate the program's effects. For this purpose, the program was implemented for ten community child center workers five times for five weeks(once a week, 120 minutes per session). For the quantitative evaluation, a non-equivalent control group design among quasi-experimental designs was used, and for the qualitative evaluation, the written materials related with the program were collected and analyzed. The results of the quantitative evaluation revealed that the social work practice skills and worker-client relationship empowerment of the community child center workers who participated in the competency enhancement program were significantly improved. In the qualitative evaluation, the subjective experiences were presented, including the improvement of the worker's practice competency and the worker's awareness of the changes in the child, the recognition of the strong points and the points to be improved in the program. This study is expected to raise the expertise and effectiveness of community child center workers, and ultimately, to contribute to the healthy development and the improvement of the mental health of children by improving the social work practice competency of the workers in community child centers, which comprise the representative service delivery system for children in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.22-31
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• 2010

Because the estimated cost at early stage has great influence on decisions of project owner, the importance of early cost estimation is increasing. However, it depends on experience and knowledge of the estimator mainly due to shortage of information. Those tendency developed into case-based reasoning(CBR) method which solves new problems by adapting previous solution to similar past problems. The performance of CBR model is affected by attribute weight, so that its accurate determination is necessary. Previous research utilizes mathematical method or subjective judgement of estimator. In order to improve the problem of previous research, this suggests CBR schematic cost estimation method using genetic algorithm to determine attribute weight. The cost model employs nearest neighbor retrieval for selecting past case. And it estimates the cost of new cases based on cost information of extracted cases. As the result of validation for 17 testing cases, 3.57% of error rate is calculated. This rate is superior to accuracy rate proposed by AACE and the method to determine attribute weight using multiple regression analysis and feature counting. The CBR cost estimation method improve the accuracy by introducing genetic algorithm for attribute weight. Moreover, this makes user understand the problem-solving process easier than other artificial intelligence method, and find solution within short time through case retrieval algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 2005

Since late 1970s, water quality monitoring had been performed in Korea by various agencies according to their own needs and objectives. Lacking of consistency in principles, such diverse operation has been producing difficulties in management of information on water quality parameters. These difficulties resulted from the fact that the expansion of monitoring networks had been based not on systematic methodology with considerations on scientifically established planning objectives but on personal experiences and subjective judgments in locating monitoring stations. This study aimed, therefore, to develop a selection methodology for locating monitoring stations to provide various informations on water quality to satisfy various monitoring objectives such as understanding short and long term trends of water quality, monitoring violations to water quality standards, identifying external causes and sources affecting water quality changes, supporting utilization of water resources, examining short-term variations in water quality through a concentrated investigation, estimating pollution loads from each unit watershed, supporting water quality modeling, and establishing informative systems for water resources management. Also, we applied the proposed methodology and presented an improved expansion plan for water quality monitoring networks in the Han River.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.111-121
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• 2019

This study investigated the status of drinking highly caffeinated beverages by Korean adolescents, and we identified the factors influencing this behavior by Korean adolescents by using statistics from the 13th (2017) Survey on Youth Health Behavior Online Survey. The data was collected from 62,276 middle and high school students and the variables of this study included demographic factors, health behavioral factors, mental health factors and the availability of highly caffeinated beverages. The methods of data analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. This study found that the intake rate of highly caffeinated beverages was 1.9% for men and 1.5% for women, and these percentages increased with age (p<0.001). Current smoking and drinking, current drug usage and active people also had high intake of caffeinated beverages (p<0.001). A high level of stress, a low level of subjective sleep satisfaction and a feeling of happiness increased the rate of consuming highly caffeinated beverages. The factors of drinking highly caffeinated beverages were gender, age, smoking, physical activity, drug use, stress level, depression and suicidal ideation. Therefore, continuous discussion is needed to improve both the health behavior and mental health by managing the stress felt by Korean adolescents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.580-586
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• 2019

This study selected 2,134 fertile women aged 20 to 44 years as the final study subjects using the 6th source data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between female characteristics, chronic diseases and oral health behavior, and the effects of each factor on periodontal diseases. There were statistically significant differences in age(p<0.001), education level(p<0.001), income(p<0.05), marital status(p<0.001), smokes(p<0.05) and pregnancy(p<0.001). Chronic disease factors showed statistically significant differences in hypertension(p<0.001), obesity(p<0.001), diabetes(p<0.001), hypercholesterolemia(p<0.05), hypocholesterolemia(p<0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia(p<0.001). Oral health behaviors were statistically significant in terms of toothache(p<0.05), orthodontic treatment(p<0.05) and chew discomfort(p<0.05). As a result of examining the risk factors affecting periodontal disease, the risk of chronic disease was 1.576 times higher in the obese group, and 2.569 times higher in the diabetic group than in the normal group. The subjective oral health status was 1.372 times higher for normal women and 1.614 times higher for bad women than for good ones. As a result, diabetes has shown the greatest risk among chronic diseases in women, and diabetes and obesity are highly relevant and therefore are considered important variables for the risk factors of dementia. In this regard, it is necessary to examine the risks of chronic and periodical diseases, expand oral health education programs for women's dental disease, and prepare oral health policies.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.693-709
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• 2016

This study was to investigate depressive symptoms of caregiving grandmothers in South Korea and related factors focusing on caregiving characteristics. The data were drawn from the fourth wave of Korean Longitudinal Study on Ageing (KLoSA). The study participants were 3,291 grandmothers who had at least one grandchild, and we limited our analysis to 127 grandmothers who had provided care for their grandchild(ren) during the past one year. As for the depressive symptoms, Center for Epidemiological Survey-Depression 10(CES-D 10) short version were applied. Caregiving characteristics including caregiving duration by weeks per year, caregiving hours per week and the number of grandchildren who received grandmother care were examined. A multiple logistic regression was performed to detect association between caregiving characteristics and depressive symptoms while adjusting for general socioeconomic characteristics and health status of caregiving grandmothers. The longer duration of caregiving lowered the depressive symptoms and in contrast, those who spent more hours for providing care to their grandchildren were more exposed to the depressive symptoms. Physical pain significantly increased their depressive symptoms and low income level were more likely to induce depressive symptoms. More detailed studies on grandchild caregiving patterns among grandmothers were needed. Also, tailored support policy and services should be considered to alleviate their burden and depression in the future.