• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.124-130
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• 2024

Leaf blight caused by Stemphylium vesicarium is one of the most important fungal diseases of garlic (Allium sativum L.) worldwide, which results in a reduction of quality and yield. The breeding of resistant cultivars is an efficient approach to decrease the use of chemical fungicides and minimize crop losses. In this study, to find the resistant garlic resources against S. vesicarium, we evaluated the resistance degree of 20 garlic germplasms. To do this, garlic seedlings at four-leaf stage were rubbed with nonabsorbent cotton and then inoculated with spore suspension (3.0×10⁵ spores/ml of potato dextrose broth) of S. vesicarium by spray method. Three to seven days after inoculation, the infected leaf area (%) of garlic seedling was measured. 'Daeseo' and 'Namdo' were included as susceptible and resistant control cultivars, respectively. After 3 to 7 days of incubation, the infected leaf area (%) of garlic seedling was measured. Our results showed that IT245512, IT245528, and IT244068 lines exhibited the highest resistance against S. vesicarium, whereas IT257134 and IT253043 lines were more susceptible than the susceptible cultivar 'Daeseo'. Based on the results, the resistant genetic resources selected in this study can be used a basic material for resistant garlic breeding system against leaf blight.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.353-358
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• 2023

This study aimed to investigate the growth and phenol content changes of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) under five different light intensities and photoperiods, maintaining the same Daily Light Integral (DLI) conditions in a plant factory. Basil seeds were sown on a rockwool medium for four weeks and then transplanted. To maintain a DLI 17mol·m^-2·d^-1, light intensity and photoperiod were set at 16h-295, 18h-260, 20h-235, 22h-215, and 24h-200μmol·m^-2·s^-1 and cultivated for four weeks. The harvested results showed that basil plant height, number of lateral branches, and leaf number tended to decrease from the 16h-295 treatment to the 24h-200 treatment. Shoot fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, leaf width, and leaf length were significantly higher in the 18 h-260 treatment. The total phenolic contents in the 18h-260 treatment was significantly higher by 51.3%, 172.7%, 111%, and 119.7% compared to the 16h-295, 20h-235, 22h-215, and 24h-200 treatments, respectively. Therefore, it is anticipated that cultivating basil under the condition of 18h-260 treatment could yield enhanced growth quality and an increase in total phenolic contents.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2007

The evaluation of soybean germplasm has mainly been carried out by morphological characters at Genetic Resources Division, Rural Development Administration (RDA). However, this information has been limited serving a diverse information for user and effectively managing the soybean germplasm. To resolve this problem, soybean collection conserved at RDA gene bank was profiled using nine soybean SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Soybean SSR allele was confirmed using genescan and genotyper softwares of automatic sequencer for accurate genotyping of each accession and continuous accumulation of data. SSR profiling of soybean germplasm has been carried out from 2,855 (Satt458) to 4,368 (Satt197) accessions by locus. The number of allele revealed 267 with an average of 29.6 in total accession, and varied from a low of 21 (Satt532 and Satt141) to a high of 58 (Sat_074). Although the number of accessions of wild soybean is less than that of soybean landraces, Korean wild soybean is more variable than other soybean landraces populations in total number of alleles. However, Korean soybean landraces were more variable than Korean wild soybeans in 5 loci. In the allele frequency, wild soybean accessions showed an even distribution in all alleles and higher distribution in low ladder than in high ladder. Also, Korean soybean landraces revealed a high condensed frequency in Satt286 (202 bp, 232 bp), Chinese soybean landraces in Satt197 (171 bp) and Satt458 (173 bp), and Japanese soybean landraces in Sat_074 (244 bp) and Satt458 (170 bp). These SSR profile information will be provided as indications of redundancies or omissions of accessions and can aid in managing soybean collection held at RDA gene bank. The information on diversity analysis could help to enlarge the genetic diversity of materials in breeding program, and could be used to develop a core collection of soybean germplasm.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

This paper describes Linear Discriminant Analysis and common vector extraction for speech recognition. Voice signal contains psychological and physiological properties of the speaker as well as dialect differences, acoustical environment effects, and phase differences. For these reasons, the same word spelled out by different speakers can be very different heard. This property of speech signal make it very difficult to extract common properties in the same speech class (word or phoneme). Linear algebra method like BT (Karhunen-Loeve Transformation) is generally used for common properties extraction In the speech signals, but common vector extraction which is suggested by M. Bilginer et at. is used in this paper. The method of M. Bilginer et al. extracts the optimized common vector from the speech signals used for training. And it has 100％ recognition accuracy in the trained data which is used for common vector extraction. In spite of these characteristics, the method has some drawback-we cannot use numbers of speech signal for training and the discriminant information among common vectors is not defined. This paper suggests advanced method which can reduce error rate by maximizing the discriminant information among common vectors. And novel method to normalize the size of common vector also added. The result shows improved performance of algorithm and better recognition accuracy of 2％ than conventional method.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1993

The dose response of the number of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked (CB) lymphocytes after in vitro irradiation with $\gamma$-rays and neutrons in the 5 dose ranges was studied for a heterogeneous population of 4 donors. One thousand binucleated cells were systematically scored for micronuclei. Measurements performed after irradiation showed a dose-dependent increase in micronuclei (MN) frequency in each of the donors studied. The dose-response curves were analyzed by a linear-quadratic model, frequencies per 1000 CB cells were ($0.31{\pm}0.049$)D+($0.0022{\pm}0.0002)D^2+(13.19{\pm}1.854) (r^2=1.000,\;X^2=0.7074,\;p=0.95$) following $\gamma$ irradiation, and ($0.99{\pm}0.528$)\;D+(0.0093{\pm}0.0047)\;D^2+(13.31{\pm}7.309)\;(r^2=0.996,\;X^2=7.6834,\;p=0.11) following neutrons irradiation (D is irradiation dose in cGy). The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of neutrons compared with $\gamma$-rays was estimated by best fitting linear-quadratic model. In the micronuclei frequency between 0.05 and 0.8 per cell, the RBE of neutrons was $2.37{\pm}0.17$. Since the MN assay is simple and rapid, it may be a good tool for evaluating the $\gamma$-ray and neutron response.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.180-189
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• 2018

Agricultural landscapes in Korea comprise a large cultivation area of rice paddies, other crops, and forests which surround the cropland and the farmers' residential village. The forests in this agricultural landscape play important roles as ecological corridors and refuges for plants and animals in this agroecosystem. The present study investigated the spatial and temporal diversity patterns among these components of the agroecosystem to provide baseline data that describes how fauna change in the studies system. Insect sampling was conducted at four sites in two regions, Chungcheong (Ockcheon and Geumsan) and Jeonnam (Younggwang and Haenam), from March to August of 2014, using an UV light trap for moths and five pitfall traps for beetles. Beetles comprised 225 species and 2,457 individuals in 35 families, while moths consisted of 141 species and 403 individuals in 17 families. Beetles showed higher diversity in Chungcheong than Jeonnam, while moths showed no difference in diversity between regions. Forests showed the highest number of species and individuals, followed by orchards and rice paddies. The food preference of beetles showed that forests contained a higher proportion of herbivores, while orchards and rice paddies had a higher proportion of carnivores. Temporal changes in moths in the two regions were synchronous, while those of beetles were nonsynchronous. Moths increased from spring to summer across all habitats, especially in rice paddies during summer. Beetles also increased from spring to summer in orchards and rice paddies, although the beetles in the forests increased in the middle of summer. A detailed and long-term study is needed to reveal the causes of different diversity patterns of taxa among the different habitats within the agroecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the effect of sowing date on growth characteristics, flower duration of a total of 6 domestic rapeseed cultivars, "Sunmang", "Tammiyuchae", "Tamlayuchae", "Naehanyuchae", "Yongsanyuchae" and "Hallayuchae" with different sowing dates (25 Sept., 5 Oct., 15 Oct., 25 Oct., 5 Nov.) in Muan, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea. The results obtained were summarized as the follows: The number of seedling stand after overwintering was decreased in all 6 cultivars. It changed little until 5 Oct., and then showed continuously largely decrease as the sowing date being delayed. As the sowing date was being delayed, plant height was decreased while Silique length and thousand seed weight were increased. Seed yield in all 6 cultivars decreased almost linearly with late sowing date. In correlation analysis between the delaying sowing date and growth characteristics, it was inversely correlated with plant height ($r=-0.769^{**}$), No. of branches/plant ($r=-0.760^{**}$), No. of siliqua/panicle ($r=-0.631^{**}$) and seed yield ($r=-0.946^{**}$), while showed a positive correlation with silique length (r=0.635), seed diameter ($r=0.629^{**}$) and thousand grain weight ($r=0.422^*$). No. of seeds/silique and seed set percentage were not significantly correlated with the delaying sowing date. The flower duration was long in order of Sunmang, Tammiyuchae, Yongsanyuchae, Naehanyuchae, Hallayuchae and Tamlayuchae. Varietal variation of flowering date was larger with early sowing date than with delaying sowing date. The range of flower duration across all cultivars was from 1 day of Tamlayuchae to 14 days of Sunmang according to the sowing date, and the end flowering date was able to be extended from 2 to 9 days, compared to normal date of end flowering.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

This study was examined the pollinating activity and the economical effect according to numbers released of Apis mellifera in the $825m^2$ strawberry (Seolhyang var.) vinyl-houses. The time-zone of pollinating activity relative to numbers of honeycomb released at the strawberry (Seolhyang var.) vinyl-houses was together from 9A.M. to 4P.M., and the peak time of pollinating activity was 11A.M.. The effects on pollinating activity relative to the honeycomb numbers in the honeybee hive released at the strawberry houses were ordered 5 honeycombs (11,000 heads), 4 honeycombs (8,800 heads) and 3 honeycombs (6,600 heads). The rate of workers lost in A. mellifera hives with 5 honeybee combs and 4 honeycombs during the strawberry cultivating period were lower than that of 3 honeycombs. The rates of fruit set by pollinating activity relative to the honeycomb numbers in the honeybee hive released at the strawberry vinyl-houses were same level with over 98%. The fruit qualities; No. of seeds, sugar content and rate of normal fruit set were same level, but fruit weights were ordered 5 honeycombs in 37.2 g, 4 honeycombs in 35.6 g and 3 honeycombs in 32.6 g. The marketing incomes of 4 honeycombs and 5 honeycombs were 9% to 13% higher than that of 3 honeycombs, respectively. Therefore, when the strawberry (Seolhyang var.) was planted at $825m^2$ of a vinyl-houses, it was surveyed that the most suitable numbers of honeycomb were over 4 honeycombs (8,800 heads).

• Journal of Chitin and Chitosan
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.244-255
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• 2018

Natural extract in liquid phase was adjusted to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4% concentration to check microbial changes and to measure 4, 8, $12^{\circ}C$ for refrigeration temperature. In the case of grapefruit extract, the microbial safety was maintained at all the concentrations at $4^{\circ}C$ storage, but the antimicrobial activity was maintained at $12^{\circ}C$ storage and at $8^{\circ}C$ and 21 days storage. In the case of grape seed extract, only the 4% of the culture at $8^{\circ}C$ satisfied the requirement of safety of food distribution for the last 21 days, and the safety criterion was satisfied only at 4% concentration at $12^{\circ}C$ for 18 days. Complex Scutellaria baicalensis extract showed the total number of microbial cells treated by concentration. It was confirmed that microbial flow safety was maintained at low temperature ($4^{\circ}C$). However, at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, Exceeded the distribution limit. When polylysine was applied to brown rice cake, it showed activity in all groups except $4^{\circ}C$, but these properties were not observed at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$. At a concentration of 0.5% or more of chitosan, the growth of the microorganism is suppressed by the 21st day very stably, and a similar tendency is observed at 8 and $12^{\circ}C$, so that it may be an antimicrobial material that inhibits microorganisms. At the first day, the distribution standards for general bacterial counts were exceeded.Ethyl-pyruvate showed that microorganism safety was maintained at $4^{\circ}C$ and 1% concentration, and food safety was stable even at 2 or 4%. Glycine showed very good and stable distribution stability at $4^{\circ}C$. However, at $8^{\circ}C$ and $12^{\circ}C$, the shelf life of 14 days could not be maintained as with the addition of other antimicrobial active substances.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2011

Distribution types of native conifers (Juniperus chinensis, Pinus parviflora, Tusga sieboldii and Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia) were studied by phytosociological investigation and ZM method in Ulleung Island, South Korea. Two main types were divided maritime vegetation (Juniperus chinensis forest) and mountain vegetation (Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia forest and Pinus parviflora-Tusga sieboldii forest). The former was divided into sea cliff distribution (J-SC) and sea ridge distribution (J-SR) type. The latter was classified 7 distribution types; Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia forest was rock distribution (Ta-R) and mountain slope distribution (Ta-MS) type, and Pinus parviflora-Tusga sieboldii forest was rock distribution (P T-R), upper and ridge distribution (P T-UR, 3 units sub-types:1sub, 2sub, 3sub), and Mountain slope distribution (P T-MS) type. It was considered that J-SC, Ta- R, and P T-R were maintained by topographic climax, but J-SR, Ta-MS, P T-UR and P T-MS were the process of vegetation succession. Distribution types of topographic climax are entrusted to process of vegetation succession. Types in the process of vegetation succession will be needed tending of forest to promote saplings growth and seedlings germination. Especially in order to restore Tsuga sieboldii forest should be afforest and make forest gap because It is mid shade tolerant tree and purity percentage of its seed is 1~2%. It was considered that the composition of group mixture forest constituted Pinus parviflora, Tsuga sieboldii, Taxus cuspidata, Camellia japonica, Machilus thunbergii and Acer okamotoanum, etc. will be able to restore native vegetation, after take the form of forest gap by strong thinning and pruning of Pinus thunbergii forest.