• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.441-447
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among science process skills. mental capacity and cognitive styles of elementary students. For the study 264 fifth-grade students were sampled. The Test of Science Process Skills(TSPS) was used as a measure of science process skills. Figural Intersection Test(FIT) was used as a measure of mental capacity. Group Embedded Figure Test(GEFT) was also used as a measure of cognitive styles. The results of this study showed that the science processskills increases progressively as the mental capacity increases. The field independent students showed significantly higher(p<.05) science process skills than the field dependent ones. There was no significant interaction between mental capacity and cognitive styles on science process skills. The findings indicated that there may be evidence to argue that mental capacity and cognitive styles play a important role in development of science process skills. The present study provided a possibility of Neo-Piagetian approach in science education research, and also showed an importance of cognitive development in the performance of science inquiry task.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.937-945
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• 2004

In this study, we examined high school students' abilities for solving problems under single concept situations and complex concept situations and their mental capacities. Single concept situations are defined as the problems which can be solved with a scientific concept or principle and complex concept situations are the problems combined with more than 2 single concept situations. 152 11th-graders were participated in this study, who had taken natural science track. FIT 752 was used to measure their mental capacities. And an instrument, made up of six questions under three single concept situations and three complex concept situations, was used to assess students' problem solving abilities. As results, students' problem solving abilities were lower in complex concept situations than in single concept situations. There wasn't significant difference in mental capacities between of students who succeeded in solving problems and ones who did not under both single and complex concept situations. Although students solved the problems of single concept situations, some of them failed in solving the problems of complex concept situations composed of single concept situations which they succeeded in solving. They belonged to relatively low mental capacity group, of which students who failed in solving problems of complex situations had lower metal capacities than ones who succeeded in solving them. According to these results, it could be concluded that mental capacity is one of main variables which have influence on problem solving of complex concept situations composed of solvable single concept situations.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of mental capacity and understanding of the oxi-dation-reduction concepts on the completion of the balancing redox equations. Participants were 92 senior high school students and 57 science high school students. Tests were conducted to measure the mental capacity, the understanding of the oxidation-reduction concepts and the completion of the balancing redox equations and the influence on the per-formance was analyzed. The performance of the senior high school students increased as the mental capacity increased, but the performance of science high school students did not change by mental capacity. Most of senior high school stu-dents couldn't understand the oxidation-reduction concepts well. Most of science high school students, however, under-stood the concepts completely and partially. The students who had a good understanding of the oxidation-reduction concepts showed a good performance for both senior and science high school students, regardless of the problem pattern.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.353-363
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• 2002

In this study, characteristics of the problem solving process of the balancing redox equations was ana-lyzed by mental capacity and problem solving methods, and the pertinent teaching and learning guidance for oxidation-reduction unit was suggested. Participants were 79 senior high school students and 57 science high school students. Tests were conducted to measure the mental capacity, the understanding of the oxidation-reduction concepts and the com-pletion of the balancing redox equations. The framework was made to find the patterns of failure and success. As the analysis of the influence on the performance of mental capacity,understanding of the oxidation-reduction concepts, and problem solving methods, students who had lower understanding of oxidation-reduction concepts selected the trial and error method, and their performance were influenced by mental capacity. The students that had higher understanding of the oxidation-reduction concepts had good performance by using oxidation number method regardless of their mental capacity. As the results of analysis for the patterns, the success patterns of solving the problems, those of mostly the sci-ence high school students, were the cases of using oxidation number method well and lessening problem solving steps. The patterns of failure in solving problems by using trial and error method showed that students had mistakes in cal-culating, errors in making unknown equations, no consideration for all variables, or stopped solving the complicated problems. The patterns of failure in solving problems by using oxidation number method showed that many students had wrong oxidation number or no consideration for mass and charge balance.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.461-488
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• 2005

This article presents new perspectives for classification of students' mathematical errors on the basis of experiential structuralism. Experiential structuralism's mechanism gives us new insights on mathematical errors. The hard core of mechanism is consist of 6 autonomous capacity spheres that are responsible for the representation and processing of different reality domains. There are specific forces that are responsible for this organization of mind. There are expressed in terms of a set of five organizational principles. Classification of mathematical errors is ascribed by the theory to the interaction between the 6 autonomous capacity spheres. Different types of classification require different autonomous capacity spheres. We can classify mathematical errors in the domain of linear function problem solving comparing cognitive psychological mechanism of experiential structuralism.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.998-1008
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop the criteria for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Object, viewpoint and mental demand constitute the evaluation criteria of observation abilities. Object domain was classified into two- and three-dimensional figures, while viewpoint was classified into constancy and variety of views. Mental demand covered 2 through 5. The assesment tool based on the threedimensional criteria was developed for the lower, middle and upper grades of 166 elementary school students. Results from this study were as follows. These students' scores were significantly different in the classification by each dimension and distinguishable between the grades. They scored high on two-dimensional figures, constancy of view and lower mental demand, and the upper grade students' scores were higher than the lower ones in all dimensions. Therefore, the evaluation criteria developed in this study can be used effectively for measuring the observation abilities of elementary school students. Implication for this study was determined to be the development of a valid and reliable test for observation abilities of elementary school students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.165-165
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• 1993

목적:지금까지 Risperidone의 치료 효능과 안전성에 대한 연구들이 모두 만성 정신분열병 환자들만을 대상으로 이루어졌고, 효율적인 약물 요법의 중요한 지침이 되는 유효치료용량(effective therapeutic dosage)에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있는 바, 본 연구에서는 초발인 급성 정신분열병 환자들을 대상으로 첫째, Risperidone의 항정신병 효과(antipsychotic effect)와 추체외로계증상(extrapyramidal symptoms)을 평가하고 둘째, Risperidone의 항정신병 효과와 혈장 Risperidone 및 9-hydroxyrisperidone 농도와의 상관관계를 분석하여 유효혈장농도(therapeutic dose range)와 유효치료용량(effective therapeutic dosage)의 존재 여부를 검토코자 한다. 방법: DSM-III-R 진단기준(APA 1987)예 의해 정신분열병형 장애로 진단된 환자 11명(남자 5, 여자 6)을 대상으로 Risperidone을 이중맹검법(double blind design)으로 6주간 투약하였다. 정신병리의 평가는 PANSS(Kay 1988)를 이용하였고 추체외로계 부작용의 평가는 ESRS(Chouinard 1980)를 이용하였다. 혈장 Risperidone 농도와 혈장 9-hydroxyrisperidone 농도는 Jansen사의 Radioimmunoassay Kit를 이용하여 3회 측정하였다. 결과: PANSS 점수는 Risperidone 투여 후 1주째부터 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. Parkinsonism과 dyskinesa에 대한 physician's examination 점수는 전체 연구 기간 동안 유의한 변화를 보이지 않았다. Dystonia에 대한 physician's examination 점수는 Risperidone 투여 후 1주째에는 평균 5.96점으로 높았으나 2주째부터 통계적으로 유의하게 감소되어 6주째에는 유지되었다. 혈장 Risperidone 농도와 혈장 9-hydroxyrisperidone 농도는 PANSS 점수와 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.134-145
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of mental capacity and mental demand on problem solving. Two kinds of tests were used for this study. One was FIT 752 test which required general knowledge, the other was Ohm's law test which required domain specific knowledge. The items of each test had the same logical structure and content knowledge but had different sizes of mental demand. The results of the study were summarized as follows: As mental demand of the items increased, the success rates decreased. The analysis of the hierarchical relation among items was that items with large mental demand were higher than those with small demand or at least the same level. According to the results, mental of an item was a significant factor affecting solving the problem. Effect of mental capacity on problem solving was different according to the kind of required knowledge to solve. Mental capacity was a significant factor affecting solving the FIT 752 task which required general knowledge. On the contary, solving the task which required domain specific knowledge, the results were different depending on subjects' chunk size. The results of problem solving of the groups which had small chunk size were that mental capacity was appeared a significant factor. However, results of problem solving of groups which had large chunk size were that mental capacity was not.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 1995

목적 : 다음과 같은 fluoxetine으로 유발된 조증 증례를 보고한다. 이와 함께 fluoxetine사용이후 보고된 조증 증례보고를 모아서 정리하고 함께 문헌고찰을 하였다. 증례요약 : 가족력상 기분장애의 병력이 없었으며, 다른 주요 정신과적 질환의 병력은 없었다. 환아는 개인력상 5세경에 주의력 결핍, 과잉행동의 양상을 보였던 병력이 있었고, 13세때에 피해 망상, 환청이 지속되어 haloperidol로 치료받기 시작하였다. 이후 피해 망상의 내용을 언급하거나 환청에 영향받는 행동은 없어졌고 간혹 우울감을 호소하였다. 이후 정신분열증의 진단 하에 haloperidol만으로 3년간 유지하였다. 1994년 환아는 18세때 고3이 되면서 대입에 대한 걱정과 신체적인 허약감을 자주 호소하며, 우울증상이 두드려져 fluoxetine 20mg를 3일간 투여하던 중 갑자기 조증의 임상적 양상을 보이기 시작하여 본원의 입원치료를 받게 되었는데, 입원당시 보인 임상양상은 앙양된 기분, 이자극성(irritability), 사고의 비약, 연상의 이완과 지리멸렬, 과대망상, 피해망상, 관계망상, 환청 등이었고 사람, 장소, 시간에 대한 지남력까지 일시적으로 상실되는 심헌 정신병적 조증상태였다. 토의 : fluoxetine 사용이후 현재까지 세계적으로 문헌상 보고된 14개의 증례보고를 모아서 정리하였다. fluoxetine-induced mania의 병태생리학적인 기전은 명확하지 않지만 가능한 기전에 대해 토론하였다. 이 약물의 중대한 부작용중의 하나인 조증을 예방하기 위해, 이 약물을 다루는 의사는 가능한 조증 발병의 위험인자들에 대하여 인식하고, 약물의 용량조절시에도 주의를 하여야 한다. 가능한 발병 위험인자들에 관해서도 검토하였다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2016

Objectives : To investigate changes in, and predictors of, metabolic syndrome(MetS) status over a 5-year period in chronic schizophrenic patients and to identify factors associated with the prevention of or recovery from MetS. Methods : In total, 107 patients, all of whom provided written informed consent, were followed from 2011 to 2016 at Naju National Hospital for this study. MetS was defined according to the revised National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. Results : During follow-up period, 22(20.5%) patients were newly diagnosed to MetS, 14(13.1%) were disappeared, 77(66.4%) were not changed[MetS : 34(31.8%), No MetS 37(34.6%)]. Common significant factors in the two changed groups were triglyceride and waist circumference, not dose and type of antipsychotic medication. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender(odds ratio[OR]=2.846, 95% confidence interval[CI] : 1.020-7.942), attending two or more outpatient visits per month(OR=3.155, 95% CI : 1.188-8.379) and taking antidepressant medication(OR=3.991, 95% CI : 1.048-15.205) were significantly associated with MetS after controlling for other confounding variables. Type and dose of antipsychotic medication were not significantly associated with MetS. Conclusions : Triglyceride and waist circumference were important manageable indicator of MetS. Adoption of a healthy lifestyle is more important than adjusting the dose or type of antipsychotic medication in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia patients with MetS.