• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.754-762
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• 2013

This study investigated the relative sweetness of various sweeteners (tagatose, xylose, erythritol, sucralose, and enzyme treated stevia) in milk and instant coffee systems. Additionally, the effects of interactions with other ingredients on the sensory characteristics of milk and coffee were explored. In the case of a banana-flavored milk system, sucrose was added to a concentration of 5%, and the five types of sweetener were added to a concentration of equal sweetness to a 5% concentration of sucrose. For coffee systems, 5.9% sucrose level and sweeteners' concentration equivalent to this level was added. A generic descriptive analysis was performed using ten trained panelists. The results showed that the relative sweetness of all the sweeteners was identical to that identified in the aqueous system, except for stevia in the milk system and in the coffee system with added vegetable cream. For the black coffee system, the relative sweetness decreased for tagatose, erythritol and for stevia. Fat and vegetable cream significantly affected the sensory qualities of milk and coffee, respectively.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

This study investigated the performance patterns in percussion improvisation of adolescents with behavior problems. A total of 40 middle school students participated in this study. Based on prescreening test results, the participants were assigned to either the impulsive tendency or depressive tendency groups. Both groups received two 45-minute group percussion improvisation. During the improvisation, all playing behaviors were recorded and analyzed in terms of rhythm pattern, instrument selection, intensity, and tempo of performance and performance duration. The results showed that while they were differences in improvised rhythm patterns between the two groups, the groups showed a similar tendencies in their instrument selection. With regard to performance parameters, the two groups showed significant difference in the tempo and duration of performance, but no significant difference was found in terms of intensity. This indicates that adolescents who exhibit behavior problems may be different in their playing patterns depending on their behavioral tendencies. Based on the results, music therapists can have a better understanding of how musical features expressed by this population relate to their inherent emotional and behavioral traits and how therapists should facilitate musical expression of these adolescents to address their needs.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.9
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• pp.89-115
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• 2006

한국근대미술은 유화 도입기인 1910년대를 한국미술사의 중요한 시작점이다. 1910년경부터 형성되기 시작한 유화 도입배경과 그것이 당시 사회의 절실한 요청에 의한 것이었는지, 그렇다면 그것이 무엇인지 규명하는 것이 한국근대미술 초기를 알 수 있는 중요한 문제일 것이다. 일본근대 유화의 역사는 국수주의와 서구주의 물결이 반복하는 과정에서 점차 일본화된 소재의 등장과 일본정서에 부합하는 화풍을 만들어 나가게 되는 것이 1890년대부터 1910때까지의 일본근대 유화계의 상황이라고 할 수 있다. 이 시기를 다시 요약하면 외광파와 인상파가 절충된 양식에 일본의 메이지낭만주의에 부합하는 소재 즉 일본전통이라고 할 수 있는 풍경에 대한 애착 등이 전체 유화의 기류로 나타나는 시기라고 할 수 있다. 실제 새로운 문화의 하나였던 유화는 점차 세계의 다양한 미술사조 속에서 일본화다운 것으로 발전하는 모습을 보여준다. '구로다 세이키'(黑田淸輝) 이전에 이미 형성되었던 일본근대 유화양식과 구로다의 외광파 양식, 또 외광파가 일본 근대유화의 주류로 형성하게 되는 계기, 여기에 프랑스에서 직접 배워 온 작가들에 의한 인상파 도입 그리고 일본 '메이지낭만주의'(明治浪漫主義)의 등장으로 인한 사회 환경구조의 변화 속에서 양성된 그들의 절충양식의 초기유학생들에게 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 우리근대미술은 '민족적 자부심'과 '민족적 열등감'이 동시에 존재하는 사회적 배경논리에서 출발하지 않으면 안 된다. 즉 근대미술의 사상적 배경에는 민족 개량주의적 발상과 계몽주의적 문화 활동에 있었다고 할지라도 근본적으로는 미술자체를 근대사회 발전의 연장선 속에서 파악하지 못했고, 따라서 미술자체를 새로운 문명수입이라는 근대적 풍물 정도로만 파악했던 것이 어쩔 수 없는 근대미술의 한계라고 할 수 있다. 이 시기에 미술을 주목한 이유는 근대적 사회로 발전하기 위한 하나의 필수적인 요소로 미술자체를 파악하고 나아가, 식산흥업(殖産興業)의 수단으로 인식 했던 신지식층에 의해 시작되었다고 할 수 있다. 문명의 발달이 미술의 발달에서 연원한다는 '미술문명론' 같은 시각이 미술자체가 성격이나 창작의 방향과는 무관하게 어떤 미술이든 그것을 활성화시키는 것이 근대 즉 문명화된 세계로 나아갈 수 있다고 하는 관점에서 비롯된 것이라고 할 수 있다. 한국근대미술에 있어서 아카데미즘 역시 일본근대미술과 불가분의 관계가 있음을 부인할 수 없다. 초기유학생들은 그 당시 일본의 잡지나 화단에서 일어나는 여러 가지 시안들을 피상적으로 이해하는 정도였을 것으로 파악할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 보면 한국근대미술에 있어서 초기유학생들의 작품과 그 이후 선전에서 입선하는 작품들은 일본아카데미즘의 영향 밑에 있다고 해야 할 것이다. 일본 근대 유화에서 형성된 외광파의 요소와 인상파 요소들이 일본 낭만주의로 표면화된 하나의 일본근대 유화의 형식 그대로가 한국아카데미즘의 성격을 결정하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 게다가 1922년에 시작된 선전은 심사위원 대부분이 동경미술학교 교수이면서 구로다의 제자이거나 동료였다는 것은 이러한 사실을 더욱 확고하게 뒷받침하고 있는 것이다. 초기유학생들이 남긴 작품들은 완전한 인상파에 대한 지식이나 깊은 자아의식을 가지고 제작된 것은 아니라, 일본 동경미술학교에서 가르치고 있었던 것들을 그대로 수용했다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 이들의 그림은 구로다의 외광파라고 부르는 것들의 영향보다는, 인상파를 보고 배웠던 동경미술학교 교수들의 영향을 더 많이 받았다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 이들의 영향은 그대로 한국 근대미술의 아카데미즘을 형성하는데 커다란 영향을 미치고 있음을 부인할 수 없다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2017

This study examined the burnout intermediates between Fire officials' job stress and Ego-resilience. The objective of this study is to suggest a policy that improves Fire officials' Ego-resilience. This survey was given to 365 fire officials in northern Gyeonggi-do region and the data was analyzed by correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPPS 22.0. The hypothesis is the Fire officials' burnout would be related to Ego-resilience and the effect on Fire officials' job stress regarding Ego-resilience is associated with burnout. The results of the study are that unstable work and inadequate reward affect the measure of burnout, which manifests as sarcasm and job efficacy and reduces the Fire officials' Ego-resilience that results in a positive pointing of the future, emotion control and interest. The meaning of policy is as follows: First, Fire officials need to be given confidence in their work stability. Second, they have to receive social or financial rewards. Third, they require a continuous supporting policy that solves their tension, physical and mental fatigue. Finally, developing diverse educational programs will be needed to promote their Ego-resilience.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.17
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• pp.33-51
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• 2008

According to dictionary, the meaning of protection is "guard and protect" that means protecting the Protectee's safety in case of sudden attack or various accident and Security means all protecting activity including Protectee and place where he is in or will be as comprehensively meaning of safe. As you see in the definition, Protection and security is the act to protect or will to protect from a security-threat act. A security-threat act can be discussed in the range of the concept of a criminal act in Criminal Law. A security-threat act is based on criminal act in Criminal Law, we are going to review such a security-threat act in a point of view in a sphere of learning in today's remarkable a brain-neuro science and cognitive science based on cognitive psychology, and to use an analysis on such a security-threat act to make a foundation for a establishment of the scientific preventive social security countermeasure. To do so, First of all we are going to review a security-threat act based on criminal act in Criminal Law in a point of protection police logic view. Next, we are going to introduce how cognitive science understand about act of man before we analyse a threat act as one of an act of man in cognitive science point of view. Finally, we are going to discuss the need of cognitive scientific analyse in order to establish the Scientific Preventive Social-security Countermeasure at the same time we are going to analyse a threat act in a cognitive scientific view.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2007

The pregnancy and postpartum period appear to be a time of heightened vulnerability for the development of major depression in some women. Postpartum depression affects 10% of women within a few weeks immediately postpartum. Postpartum depression is associated with disturbances in the mother-infant relationship, which in turn have an adverse impact on the course of child cognitive and emotional development. Depression during pregnancy is also common, although it has been relatively neglected. Psychopathological symptoms during pregnancy have physiological consequences for the fetus. Understanding the aetiology of perinatal depression requires integrating of multiple psychosocial and biological risk factors. The treatment of depressed pregnant women requires skilled decision making by psychiatrists. Risk-benefit analysis is appropriate method for intervention fur depression in pregnancy. Effective treatments for depression in pregnancy include psychotherapy, antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy. In treatment of postpartum depression, the biological, psychological, and social interventions are included. Prescribing antidepressants(such as fluoxetine), estrogen in severe and chronic cases, and counselling can be effective for improving maternal mood and aspects of infant outcome. Ongoing research is directed to further elucidating neurohormonal and psychosocial contributions to depression during pregnancy or postpartum. Screening for risk factors and symptoms for depression need to be incorporated into antenatal and pediatric clinics.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.355-368
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• 2010

This study is to make a framework of newly interpretating the dynamic change of regional or local landscape rapidly occurred after the establishment of the nation state and capitalistic system. The basic concepts of making an interpretative framework are power, subjectivity, and performativity. The framework of closely interrelating the three concepts developed in the near future will be applied to the interpretation of variety of (de)centralized landscapes in regions or locals. A centralized political power under the nation state has destroyed or marginalized the historically developed landscapes, traditional culture, and subjects' values in regions or locals by the political implementation of the nation state, the establishment of national identity, a centralized economic development, and so on. The landscapes produced by the political power of the nation state can take a role as a cause of conflicts in regions or locals in terms of a historical perspective. Landscapes are being made by various subjects, and the produced landscapes also positively or negatively will influence the emotion, cognition, and behavior of the subjects particularly in a performative perspective. The dynamics interrelation between subjects and landscapes has been disguised or marginalized by reason/rationality, totality/collectivity, the separation between reason and emotion mainly made by modernism, the nation state, a capitalistic system. The interrelation between landscapes and subjects is especially emphasized on people's resistibility and creativity. Lastly, landscape is not a concept given as a priori or (re)presented objectively. It is not also a material or an object independently existed from a subject's emotion and cognition. It should be interpreted through a performative relation with subjects. Performativity will take an active role of combining the materiality of landscape, power, and subjectivity. It is also important to understand the active role of landscapes.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.22-29
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• 1995

I have to find standpoint of sight moulding of Chi I Sung Hwa(seven stars picture) analysis of graphic systems of a symbol sight native to our nation. And I will comprehend emotion of folkways by simple and graphic lines and colors in mathematical Grid of which ancestor had expressed in gauge moulding consciousness. This papers aim is to make a contribution to lead by on part of communication design. About structural analysis of pictorial graphic side. I) Mathematical thought of the Orient and space constitution are first basically the Orient expressed number notion of mathematics of unlimitedness and notion of zero so called space and empty second can analigize a diagonal expansion method by development of symmetry notion to basic the dual principle of the negative and positive by degrees development expressed space division method by direction notion. 2) About the proportion analysis it based the golden section globularity and in modern layout it takes vision center of position, after appointing the brow of sacred image of Chil Sung Hwa as center point of proportion and applied to the point proportion and so analigized the posibility of established. Rule in union of each elements and rule of forms about picture image. 3) Mathematical structure analysis to search a unified principle at the balanced arrangement and rule of forms it analigized the standard the rule of forms. it analigized the standard the rule of forms to body module of basic movement of protagonist and follower above basic forms of grid that is the basis of design system.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.459-469
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to classify the subtypes of perpetrators of school violence based on their psychological characteristics. In order to classify the students, questionnaires/interviews which consist of 6 factors (Cognitive Impulsivity, Unplanned Impulsivity, Depression, Anxiety, Peer Conformity, and Self assertion) and 19 questions were administered to 86 perpetrators of school violence. Then, a two-step cluster analysis was performed with the survey results of 74 perpetrators. As a result, three clusters were identified and named as follows: 1) Impulsive Vulnerability, 2) Emotional Vulnerability, and 3) Social Vulnerability. Scrutinizing the detailed characteristics of each cluster, the first cluster, Impulsive Vulnerability, showed higher scores on Cognitive Impulsivity and Unplanned Impulsivity, compared to the other two clusters, while Depression and Anxiety scores were lower. The second cluster, Emotional Vulnerability, showed higher scores on Depression and Anxiety, while Cognitive Impulsivity and Unplanned Impulsivity scores were lower. The third cluster, Social Vulnerability, showed the highest score on Peer Conformity among the three clusters. However, Self assertion scores were the lowest in this cluster, and Cognitive Impulsivity, Unplanned Impulsivity, depression, and anxiety scores were lower than in the others. This study will provide a useful insight for facilitating teachers and parents' understanding of the psychological characteristics of school violence perpetrators and thereby contributing to effective intervention.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.779-800
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• 2012

This study is to understand gifted students' suicidal ideation and its related variables among gifted students. For this, this study explores the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism of gifted students and suicidal ideation, confirming mediating effects of depression and academic stress. For the study 320 middle school students who were identified as the gifted at a gifted education center affiliated with the university. The results are summarized as follows. First, the fit of measurement model was found to be ${\chi}^2$=228.571(df=110, p=.000), CFI=.972, TLI=.966, RMSEA=.058, indicating most of fit indexes were acceptable. Second, suicidal ideation was found a significant positive relationship with maladaptive perfectionism, depression, academic stress. Third, as a result of examining path coefficient, it was found to be influenced significantly by all of the path from maladaptive perfectionism to depression and academic stress, the path from depression to suicidal ideation, the path from academic stress to suicidal ideation. However, the path from maladaptive perfectionism to suicidal ideation was found to be statistically insignificant. Fourth, the result showed that depression and academic stress worked as complete mediators between maladaptive perfectionism and suicidal ideation. These findings give useful information about affective aspects of gifted adolescents in hard circumstances. The results of the study will be helpful in devising consultation and educational programs for the gifted who are in danger of suicide.