• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered young barley leaf and its water extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Male mice were divided into normal group, high-fat (HF) group, high-fat group supplemented with powdered young barley leaf (HF-YBL) and high-fat group supplemented with water extract of the powdered young barley leaf (HF-WYBL). The powdered young barley leaf or its water extract was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried young barley leaf (1 g YBL/100 diet and 0.28 g WYBL/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Supplementation of YBL and WYBL significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight in high-fat fed mice. Food intake and daily energy intake were significantly lower in the YBL group than in the HF group. After 8 weeks, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than in the Normal group; however, both YBL and WYBL significantly lowered those of the high-fat fed mice. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the YBL and WYBL groups were significantly elevated compared to that of HF group. Both YBL and WYBL significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice, whereas they did not affect fecal cholesterol concentration. The triglyceride levels of liver, adipose tissue and heart were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Supplementation of WYBL also lowered the kidney triglyceride and heart cholesterol concentrations compared to those of HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that YBL and WYBL improve plasma and organ lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to quantitate regional neurochemical profile of regional normal adult mice brain and assess regional metabolic differences by using ex vivo $^1H$ high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H$ HR-MAS NMRS). The animals were matched in sex and age. The collected brain tissue included frontal cortex, temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus. Quantitative 1D spectra were acquired on 40 samples with the CPMG pulse sequence (8 kHz spectral window, TR/TE = 5500/2.2 ms, NEX = 128, scan time: 17 min 20 sec). The mass of brain tissue and $D_2O$+TSP solvent were 8~14 mg and 7~13 mg. A total of 16 metabolites were quantified as follow: Acet, NAA, NAAG, tCr, Cr, tCho, Cho, GPC + PC, mIns, Lac, GABA, Glu, Gln, Tau and Ala. As a results, Acet, Cho, NAA, NAAG and mIns were showed significantly different aspects on frontal cortex, hippocampus, temporal cortex and thalamus respectively. The present study demonstrated that absolute metabolite concentrations were significantly different among four brain regions of adult mice. Our finding might be helpful to investigate brain metabolism of neuro-disease in animal model.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.245-251
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• 2010

In this study, we applied 15% glycolic acid peeling agent and 30% glycolic acid peeling agent to the dorsal skin of mice and analyzed the oil content, moisture content, and pH value of the skin before and after test using cutometer. Ultrastructure for changes in the epidermis of mice were observed under a dermoscope and a scanning electron microscope before and after test. When using 15% glycolic acid peeling agent, the changes of moisture content was measured 74.67 AU for the normal control group and 70.21 AU for the experimental group, the oil content was 13.49 mg/$cm^2$ for the normal control group before test and 8.25 mg/$cm^2$ after test, and the pH value was 6.70 and 5.36 before and after test, respectively. When using 30% glycolic acid peeling agent, the moisture content was measured 74.46 AU for the normal control group before test and 53.50 AU for the experimental group after test, the oil content was 13.82mg/$cm^2$ and 5.70 mg/$cm^2$ before and after test, and the pH value was 6.45 and 4.58 before and after test, respectively. As such, it was found that the changes of moisture and oil content on the skin rely on the concentration of peeling agent and the degree of exfoliation of keratin. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 15% glycolic acid peeling agent was relatively smooth and the exposed cellular surface of keratinocyte had some wrinkles. The surface of stratum corneum of mice with application of 30% glycolic acid peeling agent was smooth. No wrinkles were observed under high-resolution scanning electron microscope.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2003

To determine whether the diphtheria toxin-A (DT) gene disrupts development of thymocytes in transgenic animal, the DT-A gene was used for the production of transgenic mice directed by proximal Ick promoter sequences. Two transgenic founder mice that contained several copies of transgene were produced by DNA microinjection and integration of transgene in transgenic mice was confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting analysis. Transgenic $F_1$ and $F_2$ mice were produced by outbreeding of founder and $F_1$ mice to investigate expression of transgene and phenotypes in transgneic mice. Expression of the diphtheria toxin gene was confirmed in thymus, spleen and liver of transgenic mice by RT-PCR. In circulating blood of transgenic mice, lower number of circulating white blood cells and platelets were observed compared with that of normal mice. In addition, transgneic mice had reduced number of circulating peripheral T-cells analyzed by FACS with anti-CD3 antibody. The data in these transgenic mice indicate that DT gene can play a disruptive role in developing thymocytes of transgenic mice resulted in lower number of T-cells that can be applicable to a wide range of tissues in other animals.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.399-405
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• 2019

This study was investigated the effect of aerobic exercise and chrysin supplementation on macrophage infiltration and lipolysis in high-fat diet mice. To accomplish the purpose of this study, C57BL/6 mice were fed high fat diet(60% fat diet) during experimental period. The animals were divided into 4 groups; NC (normal diet control, n=5), HC (high fat diet control, n=5), Hch(high fat diet with chrysin, n=5), and HME (high fat diet with aerobic exercise training, n=5). Exercise training was performed for 16 weeks on a treadmill running. As a result, macrophage marker, F480 and CD11c were significantly decreased in HME comparison with HD and Hch. Also, M2 macrophage marker CD11c, and lipolysis marker PRDM were significantly increased in HME compared with HC and Hch These findings suggest that regular aerobic exercise has beneficial effects to inhibit macrophage infiltration in high fat diet mice.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.34 no.1 s.132
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• pp.75-79
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• 2003

Hypoglycemic activity of Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan on alloxan or streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice was investigated. Fructus and folium of Opuntia ficus-indica vars. sabotan inhibited intestinal ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ of rats as well as glucose elevation in blood of normal mice, Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan exhibited inhibitory activities on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice rather than on alloxan-induced diabetic mice loaded with maltose and sucrose. Its folium was more effective than its fructus. These results suggest that Opuntia ficus-indica var. sabotan might be effective on diabetic mellitus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1345-1350
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• 2019

Our recent study has revealed that in vivo intestinal transit rate (ITR) in normal mice was significantly increased by the administration of an aqueous extract of dried Gentiana scabra rhizomes and roots (GS-W) in a dose-dependent manner. Following on from our previous study, the effect of GS-W on ITR was measured in mice with experimentally induced gastrointestinal motility dysfunctions (GMDs) in the present study. GS-W showed no significant acute toxicity even at an oral dose of 5 g/kg to mice. ITR was significantly retarded in the GMD mice compared with that in normal mice, and this retardation was significantly recovered by the oral administration of GS-W in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ITR value of GS-W at a dose of 1 g/kg appeared to be higher than that of cisapride, which was predominantly prescribed for human patients with various GMDs in the late 1900s but was withdrawn from the market in 2000 due to its fatal side effects. The current results suggest that GS-W is a potential substitute for cisapride to prevent or alleviate human GMDs.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.358-365
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• 2018

Whole grain cereal (WGC)-rich diets provide macronutrients that are important for the regulation of energy metabolism. The current study evaluated whether WGCs had a preventive effect on sarcopenic obesity in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. C57BL/6N mice were fed a normal diet (ND), ND+WGC, HFD, and HFD+WGC for 12 weeks. WGCs significantly reduced body weight gain, food efficiency ratio, fat mass, and adipocyte size in HFD-induced obese mice. WGCs attenuated HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by decreasing liver weight and hepatic fat accumulation. In addition, WGCs increased muscle strength and muscle mass in HFD-induced obese mice as well as in ND mice. Taken together, WGCs can be employed as functional food materials for the prevention of sarcopenic obesity by inhibiting fat accumulation and increasing muscle mass.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

Purpose: Tc-99m labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacctic acid (DTPA)-coupled galactosylated human serum albumin (GSA) is a currently used imaging agent for asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of the liver, but, it has several shortcomings. Recently a new ASGPR imaging agent, $^{99m}Tc$-lactosylated human serum albumin (LSA), with simple labeling procedure, high labeling efficiency, high stability was developed. In order to assess the feasibility of the $^{99m}Tc$-LSA as a ASGPR imaging radiopharmaceuticals, we performed biodistribution study of the tracer in liver injured mice model and the results were compared with histolgic data. Materals and Methods: To induce hepatic damage in ICR mice, diethylnitrosamine (DEN) ($60mg/kg/week{\times}5time$, low dose or $180mg/kg/week{\times}2times$, high dose) and thioacetamide (TAA) ($50mg/kg{\times}1time$) were administrated intraperitoneally. Degree of liver damage was evaluated by tissue hematoxilin-eosin stain, and expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) was assessed by immunohistochemistry using ASGPR antibody. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was intravenously administrated via tail vein in DEN or TAA treated mice, and biodistribution study of the tracer was also performed. Results: DEN treated mice showed ballooning of hepatocyte and inflammatory cell infiltration in low dose group and severe hapatocyte necrosis in high dose group, and low dose group showed higher ASGPR staining than control mice in immunohistochemical staining. TAA treated mice showed severe hepatic necrosis. $^{99m}Tc$-LSA Biodistribution study showed that mice with hepatic necrosis induced by high dose DEN or TAA revealed higher blood activity and lower liver activity than control mice, due to slow clearance of the tracer by the liver. The degree of liver uptake was inversely correlated with the degree of histologic liver damage. But low dose DEN treated mice with mild hepatic injury showed normal blood clearance and hepatic activity, partly due to overexpression of ASGPR in mice with mild degree hepatic injury. Conclusion: Liver uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-LSA was inversely correlated with degree of histologic hepatic injury in DEN and TAA treated mice. These results support that $^{99m}Tc$-LSA can be used to evaluate the liver status in liver disease patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 1993

Several studies have shown that phytol isolated from perilla leaf and small water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (BL) D.C., wild type) extract reveal antirumor activities. In the present study we investigated the effect of phytol and the small water dropwort extract on the T subset in the sarcoma 180-transplanted mice in order to elucidate the immunological mechanism of antiturmor activity of these substances. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows : When phytol was injected into the sarcoma-180 transplanted mice (control), the levels of T cell and T subset by inoculation of the tumor cells were enhanced, but that of T cells in case of small water dropwort extract was similar to the control. Asialo GM1$^{＋}$ cells were increased when phytol or small water dropwort extract with injected into tumor-transplanted mice. In normal mice the number of asialo GM1$^{＋}$ cells increased with phytol injection and decreased with small water dropwort extract injection. L3T4$^{＋}$/Lyt-2$^{＋}$cell ratios were decreased when phytol was injected into tumor-transplanted mire, but increased in case of small water dropwort extract injection. In normal mice the ratios showed large decreases with phytol or small water dropwort extract injection. These results indicate that phytol or small water dropwort extract ran activate the proliferation of natural killer cells that are effector cells in tumor-bearing mice.