• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.188-207
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• 2014

Taking the concept of 'Invention of Tradition' by Hobsbawm, this paper examines the change of perspectives on the past and the attitudes toward connecting the past and the contemporary in the 19th century restoration of religious buildings in England. The Anglican society in the early 19th century argued that the catholic theology and rituals should be revived in their practice, which has formed the Oxford Movement. Such aspiration has stimulated to the society to execute its religious practice in a proper space, which has resulted in the Cambridge Camden Society in the middle of the century. Their publications on church buildings and arrangement had much affected to the restoration of many churches to rip off the previous Georgian furnitures and features of the fabric into Gothic, the style of middle age. The perspective on the past for anti-restoration movement in the late 19th century has moved into the one to respect all historical layers of previous spirit imprinted in the church buildings. Inspired by Ruskin and formulated by Morris, SPAB's Manifesto has reflected that the spirit of the first builder can not be reproduced or copied by the contemporaries, and therefore a daily maintenance is the best practice to extend the life of spirit rather than restoration. In addition the material remains is no longer belong to the religious entity but should be regarded as national heritage. By examining the change of perspectives on the past between the early and middle of 19th century and the late 19th century, this paper has argued that the various factors such as social, economic, political, art and commercial factors should be examined together in the understanding of conservation history.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.79
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• pp.65-72
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• 2007

인공토굴(人工土窟) 숙성식품의 장기가공보관 수단의 원조로 자리 잡아, 광천옹암리 토굴이 전통식품 산업의 지혜와 관광산업의 역동으로 변신하고, 인공 굴은 폐광토굴에서 농산물저장을 위한 인공제작 굴의 활용기술로 이어져 산업화사회에 기여하고 있다. 대표적인 인공토굴중의 하나는 광천토굴이며, 마을뒤편 야산에 활석암으로 된 암반을 굴착한 토굴이다. 폭과 높이가 각각 2m 정도, 200여 m의 토굴 속에 수많은 젓갈을 담은 드럼통을 저장하여 숙성, 발효시킨다. 젓갈은 우리나라의 대표적인 수산발효식품이며, 어패류 등에 비교적 다량의 식염을 가해 자가소화효소 및 미생물분해 작용으로 알맞게 숙성되는 원리를 이용한다. 젓갈은 일종의 균 식품으로 식품을 발효시킴으로써 독특한 맛과 향 영양을 갖게 되며, 빵, 요구르트, 장류(간장 된장 등), 김치, 막걸리, 동동주, 식혜뿐 아니라 심지어는 버섯조차도 균 식품에 해당한다. 특히 어패류를 염장 발효시켜서 독특한 감칠맛이 나도록 한 우리나라 특유의 저장식품으로 예로부터 기호식품, 조미료 및 김치의 재료로서 널리 식용되어 왔던 양질의 단백질인 동시에 칼슘과 지방질 공급원이기도 하다. 최근에는 상품화된 자연친화적 농산물저장 굴로 사용되는 인공토굴도 등장하였다. 그것은 타공판과 흙을 이용한 생태환경지중건축물(生態環境地中建築物)로서 우리조상들이 오래전부터 지열을 이용하여 주거와 농산물을 저장하였던 재래식 토굴을 현대화시킨 구조물의 지중저장토굴 공간이다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.167-179
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• 2014

This study fundamentally is to develop standards and foundations for the establishment of traditional Korean gardens and aims to identify the mechanism and subsequent effect of fair gardens in American and Europe on the propagation and diffusion of the traditional Japanese garden. Fair gardens which were constructed between 1867 and 1939 were investigated to understand them and the ripple effect that they had on cultural dissemination. The results were as follows: Culturally, the Meiji government adopted Wagener's advice on the theme of display- including culture and handicraft-and the gardens with traditional buildings were perceived as one unit and then used as promotional tools as part of a national strategy. As a result, the stroll style garden in the Edo period and tea garden were recognized as the representative Japanese garden in America and Europe. Politically, the Japanese garden in the American context was adopted as examples of 'exotic beauty' and 'cultural heritage' which therefore allowed the Japanese government to achieve it's goal of encouraging friendly relations and the lessening of hostility towards them. Throughout the traditional Japanese garden, Japan with it's rich history presented an ideal - uniquely distinctive from the West. Using 'tradition' and 'nature' as keywords, the Japanese government set it's global image as 'perpetual tranquility'. Socioeconomically, the Japanese garden which was maintained after the fair, played a consistent role as a model of the Japanese culture. Many professionals from Japan who prepared the Japanese villages and gardens for the world fairs in America and Europe, remained in these countries following construction and it were these opportunities that allowed the Japanese garden to be integrated into local Western society.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.347-358
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• 2002

Architectural drawing has been changing from the general notion, in which it is to predict what it may be like for purely practical purpose. Particularly amongst the Deconstructivists' work, graphic elements make a great contribution to the realization of their self expressive style. Whereas these are often chosen for solely aesthetic reasons, there are some cases in which the act of drawing itself is a crucial, investigative process. This is true of Daniel Libeskind's architectural drawing. For him, Typography seems to be characteristic of his drawing. He Harness typographic elements as metaphors for hid abstract symbolism through his architectural drawings, which retain the possibility to relate to the more radical typographic approaches. Within this context, this thesis will argue how the typographic elements in Daniel Libeskind's architectural drawings can be interpreted. What interconnection can be made between the two practices\ulcorner How can these elements be incorporated into architecture\ulcorner Can they be involved in it as a main constituent\ulcorner This thesis explores diverse possibilities of interpretation of his architectural drawing through typological approaches to the cases where type itself meets the different media and signific ation is given to the other typographic elements.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.11-24
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• 2015

There have not been many debates on the subject of Korean architecture during the transformative period of Gae Wha Gi (開化期: Enlightenment Period of Korea), when Western-style buildings first appeared in Seoul. This study begins by finding and recording those buildings in Seoul that show the gradual adoption and appropriation of Western architectural elements at the turn of the 20th century. By exploring the confluence of two different architectural styles, this paper attempts to look carefully at the hybrid conditions that resulted from encounters between the Koreans and the Westerners in the late 19th and early 20th century. Beginning with discovering the first products of the Western architectural influence in Seoul, this study explores the uneasy co-existence between the traditional Korean architectural style, and the Western architectural style. This co-existence ultimately bred new building techniques, and interior layouts; the appearance of these hybrid buildings illustrate the gradual transition from the traditional way, in which users modified, combined and appropriated various elements from both styles. Analyzing historical documents and photos, this study tries to capture a detailed image of the period when the influence of the Western architecture had an unavoidable impact and brought change to the traditional architecture of Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

To analyze the total cost of ownership in a building construction project, we have to consider initial plan, maintenance and operation cost, in addition to the design and construction cost. This is called "Life Cycle Cost (LCC)." Currently, it is difficult to analyze LCC because of a lack of data and the appropriate criteria. This study tries to suggest a way to analyze the LCC of building construction projects, and apply it to case studies of modern apartment houses and Han-Ok, a type of traditional Korean house. The case studies found that a Han-Ok is more efficient than a modern apartment house from an LCC point of view, in terms of maintenance and operation cost.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

This study aimed to analyze the current status of preservation of buildings in the Cultural Heritage Zone of folk village. Since actual residents inhabit and live in cultural properties, for instance a folk village, so their original forms have been changed over time responding to changes of the social environment. So this present study selected one folk village, located in the largest cultural heritage zone and lived most resident in our country, after which investigated its deformation process. This study also conducted in-depth analysis relying on the data collected from aerial photographs, field surveys, building ledgers. In particular, such analysis focused on changes in unauthorized alteration to the existing state that have been attempted so far. As a result, various variations were found in a number of buildings, caused from damages to landscape of cultural assets. Finally, the reasons for such deformation were interpreted to utilize as future references for restoration of the folk village landscape.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.12
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• pp.75-82
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• 2019

After 1840 the first opium war, that changed the social nature and living habitats in China. The purpose of this study is to observe the influence of the war on the plan layout of traditional Chinese residential houses in Beijing Siheyuan. To find out the changes that were made after 1840, and reservation of the past, the space syntax model is used to analyze different social contexts and also compare the ancient and modern residential buildings. The result of the study indicate the following: Before the war, the ancient Siheyuan people's way of life strictly abide by the hierarchy system; External emphasis shows the host's status. However, in modern times, the social status became equal, efficient and harmonious relationship internally, while externally, it arranged the orientation and position of buildings to adapt to the natural environment. However, the boundaries between family members and visitors the emphasis on the courtyard and respect for private life remain unchanged.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.3-9
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• 2019

Modern cities have been clustered with spaces defined by specific functions, while standardized with well-defined areas. The monopoly of the function reduces the publicity of the space and hinders people's daily communication. Street also be overwhelmed by the function of being a "passage", traditional streets were losing their liminality. In fact, the street was a place of meeting, a place of events, and a place of freedom to broaden the choices of behavior. The freedom to stop or walk on one'sits own, be attracted by unforeseen events that are available on traditional streets, has become rare on the streets of big cities. Life has become dull and monotonous, too, through the modelling of the street system. Cities have become grim as communities are cut off and fragmented. In today's big cities, public attention to the liminality of the traditional streets need to be aroused so that people could gather freely and have a festival time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2022

Traditional wooden buildings deform over time and are vulnerable to fire or earthquakes. Therefore, traditional wooden buildings require continuous management and repair, and securing architectural drawings is essential for repair and restoration. Unlike modernized CAD drawings, traditional wooden building drawings scan and store hand-drawn drawings, and in this process, many noise is included due to damage to the drawing itself. These drawings are digitized, but their utilization is poor due to noise. Difficulties in systematic management of traditional wooden buildings are increasing. Noise removal by existing algorithms has limited drawings that can be applied according to noise characteristics and the performance is not uniform. This study presents deep artificial neural network based noised reduction for architectural drawings. Front/side elevation drawings, floor plans, detail drawings of Korean wooden treasure buildings were considered. First, the noise properties of the architectural drawings were learned with both a cycle generative model and heuristic image fusion methods. Consequently, a noise reduction network was trained through supervised learning using training sets prepared using the noise models. The proposed method provided effective removal of noise without deteriorating fine lines in the architectural drawings and it showed good performance for various noise types.