• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-48
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• 2000

Vegetation disturbance history of the Korean Peninsula from the Palaeolithic Age to the Koryo Dynasty (1392) has reconstructed by the use of various data sources. Active vegetation disturbance, which has begun during the Neolithic Age, seems to be more widespread on lowland and coastal areas in the early stages, but later expanded into inland areas. The ploughing of a field and the selective cutting of certain trees, such as oak trees, nettle trees and pine trees are noticeable, and eventually caused deforestation during the Bronze Age. The use of iron tools of the Iron Age has enabled the forest clearing to develope the dry fields. During the Three Kingdoms period (BC 57∼AD 918) extensive deforestation has maintained for the development of cultivated fields, as well as other activities, such as timber, lumbering, production of iron farm implement, ploughing by cattle. The encouragement of disafforestation on mountain slope and creation of terraced field during the Koryo Dynasty (918∼1392) has caused the deforestation over the country, along with the consumption of large amount of wood and timber for fire-wood, ship-building, mining, xylography and so on.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.419-430
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop an assessment tool to evaluate student character competence in applying a Collaborative Problem-Solving Instruction Model in science education. Through the literature analysis, nine elements of character are extracted. They are: openness, empathy, tolerance, caring, integrity, self-regulation, honesty, responsibility, and cooperation. Based on these existing measures of character competence, experts discussed and developed items for evaluation of a student's character competence based on the Collaborative Problem-Solving Instruction Model. The first 88 preliminary items were investigated, corrected, and supplemented based on the results of the first survey. A second validity survey was conducted on 71 middle- and high school science teachers to determine the content validity of the items. Inter-rater reliability was calculated for the assessors to verify the reliability of the items. Overall, the inter-rater reliability and content validity of the assessment items are good with 53 items ultimately being selected based on the analysis results. The assessment tool developed in this study could be used to explore changes in student character competence through a Collaborative Problem-Solving Instruction Model, as well as to evaluate student character competence in science education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1981

The income and price elasticities of the timber demand for the 27 years (1953~79) in Korea were analyzed by the 3 economic growth stages - in 1953~61, in 1962~71, in 1972~79-. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In 1953~79, the income and price elasticities of the total timber demand were respectively 1.87 and -0.47 ; those of the domestic timber demand were respectively 0.09 and -0.30 ; those of the foreign timber demand were respectively 2.50 and -0.11. 2. In 1953~61, the income and price elasticities of the total timber demand were respectively 2.11 and -0.86 ; those of the domestic timber demand were respectively -2.94 and -0.57 ; those of the foreign timber demand were respectively 1.20 and 0.43. 3. In 1962~71, the income and price elasticities of the total timber demand were respectively 2.89 and -0.20 ; those of the domestic timber demand were respectively 1.38 and -0.25 ; those of the foreign timber demand were respectively 3.54 and -0.42. 4. In 1972~79, the income and price elasticities of the total timber demand were respectively 1.07 and 0.17 ; those of the domestic timber demand were respectively 1.12 and 0.12 ; those of the foreign timber demand were respectively 1.22 and 0.17.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1681-1692
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• 2001

본 연구는 광복 이후 현재까지 첫돌 복식 변화를 시대적으로 고찰, 그 변화 양상과 영 향 요인을 규명하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구 방법은 문헌 고찰과 사진 자료를 통한 내용 분석을 주로 하였다. 더불어 자료의 보충을 위해 첫돌 의례와 관련된 주변 인물들-가족, 기성 아동 한복 유통 상인, 상업적 사진사 등-의 면접 조사도 병행하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1940년대 중반∼50년대 초에는 해방 이후 혼란과 전란으로 인한 물자의 부족으로 첫돌 의례의 명분은 남아있으나 복식 문화는 공백기를 맞는다. 1950년대 중반이후 60년대 전반기는 미국의 경제 원조와 섬유 공업 활성화로 의료의 공급이 원활하여 전기에 비해 의례적 의미를 지닌 첫돌 복식의 착용이 가능해 졌다. 전통 한복을 기본으로 한 위에 서양식 복식 품목들이 섞여서 나타나고 있다 60년대 후반에서 1970년대의 두드러진 양상은 기성복 산업 의 발달로 전문적 인 기성복 시장이 형성되었고 이는 기성복화 된 첫돌 복식의 일습 개념을 등장시키게 하였다. 또한 한복이 예복화 되는 경 향이 두드러지게 나타났던 시기로 70년대 후반의 칼라 필름의 보급은 금박과 자수와 같은 다양한 재료와 재단 방법을 사용한 장식화 된 첫돌 복식의 사용을 가속화 시 켰다. 특히 70년대 중반에 소수의 일반에게 입혀졌던 궁중복식의 하나인 당의가 소매없는 당의로 바뀌어 여아의 돌옷으로 입혀지기 시작하였다. 1980년대 전반기는 칼라 TV의 보급, 비디오 촬영의 보편화로 한복이던 양복이던 일습화 된 첫돌 복식이 대중적으로 정착하게 되었다. 후반기에는 국내의 국제적인 행사의 유치와 전통 복식 소개를 위한 전시들을 계기로 왕실 복식에 대한 관심이 고조되었다. 이로 인해 여아에게 소매없는 당의를 입히고 남아에게 용포를 입히는 유행이 가속화되었다. 또한 서양식 예복을 입히는 유행이 시작되었다. 90년대에 들어와 아기 전문사진점의 등장은 1 회적인 첫돌 의례에 한복과 서양식 예복, 일상복 등을 다양하게 착용시키는 계기를 가져오게 하였다. 이상과 같은 다양한 변화 양상에도 불구하고 첫돌을 기념하기 위해 특별한 옷을 마련하고자 했으며, 그 복식의 구성 이 전통적인 일습 개념을 꾸준히 지향해 온 경향을 보여주고 있다. 반면 최근 과열된 아동 산업은 보다 다양한 복식을 입혀서 촬영한 사진으로 특별하게 꾸민 상업적인 기념물들을 남겨주게 하고 있다. 비록 특별한 옷을 준비하여 아동에게 입히는 행위는 유사한 표현 양태이나 지나치게 많은 옷을 갈아 입히는 표현 방식은 지양되어야할 것이다

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

Effect of several factors for Preparation of whole egg gel (WEG) on texture and color of WEG were investigated in this study. The factors studied were amount of water addition, heating temperature and time, pH and NaCl. The whole egg gel was prepared by mixing of whole egg and steaming at 100$^{\circ}C$ for 7 min followed by cooling at 22$^{\circ}C$ for 90 min. The results showed that the increase in water addition decreased significantly with viscosity values of whole egg solution (WES) and the addition of more than 50％ water resulted in a significant decrease in the stress at failure (SF) and the hardness of WEG. The color a and b values of WES decreased and the value of WEG also decreased significantly in negative range. The increase in heating temperature decreased the coagulation time and increased in SF while SF decreased. Addition of NaCl up to 1.3％ resulted a significant increase in SF and hardness and a little changes in color of WEG. As the pH of WES changed from 4.0 to 10.0, the viscosity of WES was minimal and SF and hardness were maximal at pH 6.0. The L and b values of WEG were significantly reduced at higher pH values of 8.0.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

These studies were conducted to compare the nutritive values and optimum prices of eggs among 6 groups of different egg Weight. With the total of 100 eggs of each weight group, after the weight percentage of egg yolk, albumen and shell in the whole egg were investigated, protein and fat contents of e99 yolk and albumen were analyzed. and then protein and fat contents in the whole eggs were calculated. Finally, the optimum prices of eggs in relation to the egg weight were studied on the basis of egg weight, protein content and protein plus fat contents of eggs, respectively. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. As the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased, egg yolk (Y$_1$, %) and shell(Y$_2$, %) percentages tended to decrease, but egg albumen(Y$_3$, %) percentage increased lineally; Y$_1$=44.34-0.02X, Y$_2$=15.358-0.006 X, and Y$_3$=40.136＋0.026 X. 2. There were no significant differences in protein and fat contents of eggs among 6 different groups of egg weight. 3. Protein (Y$_1$, %), fat (Y$_2$, %) and protein plus fat (Y$_3$, %) contents in the whole eggs declined progressively as the egg weight (X, g/10 eggs) increased ; Y$_1$=11.943-0.00032X, Y$_2$=13.996-0.00614X, and Y$_3$=25.939-0.00646X. 4. Similar results were obtained whether the optimum prices of eggs were estimated on the basis of egg weight or protein content of eggs, and they were higher in the large size eggs and lower in the small size eggs than the optimum prices of eggs estimated on the basis of protein plus fat content of eggs.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.555-563
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• 2018

Recently it has been claimed that character education should be applied not only in ethics but also in other disciplines including science education. With several attempts at character education in previous research on science education, the examination of its requisite and components is needed. This research investigates the necessity and elements of character education to be improved upon in science classes through questionnaires and focus interviews of experts in the field of science education such as secondary school teachers, professors, and researchers. They recognize that character education should be adopted in science education with three backgrounds: scientist activities, the field of secondary school, and inquiry education. Based on moral education and citizenship, elements of character education in science class are comprised of four essential character elements including honesty, sympathy, tolerance, and self-esteem, and seven practical character elements that are divided into personal qualities: sincerity, responsibility, and self-control and social qualities: consideration, openness, communication, and cooperation. Their validity and importance are accepted by experts.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2001

Social historical geography is interested in geographical elements related with a social group and perceives the diverse dimensions of a geographical phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to examine and interpret the multi-layers of meanings associated with the ancestral places of lineage group, i.e. Bonkwans(本貫)in Korea with a viewpoint to social historical geography. The term Bonkwan does not appear in any historical records prior to ths 10th century. Thereafter it is used continuoushy by lineage groups or by govermment agents till the 17th century. I believe that during this long-term period Bonkwan assumed multiple geographical meanings which varied from period to period, such as residence place, a place of origin, and a place symbolizing power. Each layer of meaning was the product of a certain period and of a cetain lineage. Its first meaning was produced in the early Koryo kingdom. Its second meaning from late in the same kingdom to the early part of Chosun kingdom. In order to understand the meaning of Bonkwan correctively, we need to see it at a large perspective. That is to say, it needs to be viewed in the framework of immigration study of each lineage because the term is more is moreof a social construct than a fixed notion.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.161-170
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• 2018

In this paper, the aspects of recollection discourse during the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 are discussed. As a research method the dialectic of oblivion is used. The results of the study are like these: first, the hero discourse of Lee Soon-Sin was the center of the discourse of the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592 until the 20th century. In the two books Jingbirok and A War Diary written at that time, the subjective and objective description of the war was essential. However, it has a limit that it can't describe the real situation of the war that the people and the soldiers went through, as it focuses on Lee Soon-Sin's inner thoughts. Second, in the 21st century The Song of Sword written by Kim Hoon deals with the inner mind of Lee Soon-Sin in monologue unlike the usual hero discourse. Although as we can see in the records about the marine righteous army, people centered discourse description of the war shows a different way of discourse about the Imjin War. The movie, Myeongryang directed by Kim Han-Min tries to modify the way of remembering the war and presents the real heroes were the people and Lee Soon-Sin was a additional character in the war by showing a lot of battle scenes in the sea. The truth of history can't be found by only researching the recorded materials. As cultural texts dealing with the way of remembering the war, the novel shows a struggling individual not a hero and the movie focuses on that people's active participation led the victory of the war.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.44-61
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• 2011

This study consider the life and works of Hu ShunShen(胡舜申) who was the author of JiRiSinBub(地理新法) which the representative FengShui book in Choson dynasty. His adult name is RuJia(汝嘉). He was born in on September 6, 1091 at JiXi(績溪) in China as a son of Ho Xian(胡咸). He left his hometown with his family to avoid war and settled down in HuZhou(胡州). He took up an official post with his brother's YinPu(蔭補), and held several provincial official posts. After serving as vice governor(通判) of ShuZhou(舒州), he became supervisor of taoist temple(崇道觀) in TaiZhou(台州) and retired from office. After burying his father, he took an interest in fengShui(風水) and studied for a long time. People say that JiangXiDilixinfa(江西地理新法) is the well-known FengShui book written by him. When he was 74 years old, he suggested opening SheMen(蛇門) gate and XuMen(胥門) gate in SuZhou(蘇州) castle by "WoMenZhongGao(吳門忠告)". But it didn't come ture. He died March 9, 1177 at the age of 87 and was buried in HuZhou(胡州). His elder brother Hu Shunzhi(胡舜陟) and nephew HuZi(胡仔) is well-known. He had a son named Hu wei(胡偉) who served pacification commissioners of JiangXi(江西宣撫使). His Works were YiSiSiZhouLu(乙巳泗州錄), YiYouBiLuanLu(己酉避亂錄) as essay and YinYangBeiYong(陰陽備用), JiRiSinBub(地理新法), "WoMenZhongGao(吳門忠告)" as fengShui text.