• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 2015

Insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are the predominantly used power semiconductors for high-current applications, and are used in trains, airplanes, electrical, and hybrid vehicles. IGBT power modules generate a considerable amount of heat from the dissipation of electric power. This heat generation causes several reliability problems and deteriorates the performances of the IGBT devices. Therefore, thermal management is critical for IGBT modules. In particular, realizing a proper thermal design for which the device temperature does not exceed a specified limit has been a key factor in developing IGBT modules. In this study, we investigate the thermal behavior of the 1200 A, 3.3 kV IGBT module package using finite-element numerical simulation. In order to minimize the temperature of IGBT devices, we analyze the effects of various packaging materials and different thickness values on the thermal characteristics of IGBT modules, and we also perform a design-of-experiment (DOE) optimization

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.259-270
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• 2002

A small granodiorite-quartz monzonitic stock containing sericitic and propylitic alteration assemblages hosts a Cu-W breccia-pipe deposit in the southeastern Cyeongsang basin. The mineralized breccia-pipe contains angular to subangular brecciated fragments of granitic rocks showing clast-supported textures. An assemblage of quartz, tourmalines, sulfide minerals (mainly chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite and pyrrhotite) and calcite was precipitated as a hydrothermal cement between the brecciated fragments. A tourmaline aureole surrounds the breccia pipe. Extensive tourmalinization of the granitic rocks near and within the pipe and no tourmalinization in the sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The tourmalines are marked by Fe-rich, black charcoal-like schorl (80 mol% schorl relative) nearer the schorl-dravite solid solution. The chemical changes in the hydrothermal fluid are reflected by variations in compositional Boning from cores to rims. They generally contain cores with low values of Fe/(Fe+Mg) and high values of Na/(Na+ca) relative to rims. This is because of an increase Fe and Ca contents toward rims. The main trend of these variations is a combination of the exchange vectors Ca(Fe, Mg) $(NaAl)_{- }$ $_1$ and $Fe^{3}^{+}$ $Al_{[-10]}$ $_1$ It is thought that boiling causes the loss of $H_2$ into the vapor phase resulting in the oxidation of Fe in the aqueous phase. pH of the melt would be one of important controlling factors for the tourmaline stability. The tourmalines could be precipitated when the system evolved to the acidic hydrothermal regime as most hydrothermal brines and acidic gases exsolved from the magma. The Ilgwang tourmaline crystallization is products of hypogene orthomagmatic hydrothermal processes that were strongly pipe-controlled.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.99-116
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• 2002

본 연구는 우리나라가 1996년 외환자유화와 자본자유화로 특징지워지는 국가들의 국제조직인 OECD에 가입한 이후 국내주식시장에서 환위험과 세계시장위험에 조건부로 가격보상이 이루어지고 있는가를 가격결정모형의 가장 일반적 형태인 확률적 할인요소를 이용하여 검정하였다. 무조건부 가격결정모형을 이용하여 국내주식시장에서 환위험프리미엄과 세계시장위험 프리미엄의 존재를 검정하고자 하는 연구들의 결론들이 일치되지 않고 있는 상황에서 조건부 가격결정모형을 이용한 검정노력은 자연스러운 접근순서로 볼 수 있다. 무조건부 가격결정모형에서 위험프리미엄이 존재하지 않는 것으로 검정되는 경우에도 조건부 프리미엄은 존재할 수 있다. 확률적 할인요소는 국내시장위험, 환위험, 세계시장위험 등 세 가지 위험요인이 포함되도록 정의하였으며, 조건부 정보를 구성하는 도구변수는 기존의 선행연구를 참조하여 6개를 선정하였다. 여기에는 상수, 전기의 국내시장수익률, 현재기의 무위험이자율, 전기의 세계시장수익률, 전기의 부도위험스프레드, 전기의 유로달러이자율이 포함된다. 월별 시계열 자료를 이용하여 가설을 검정한 결과 환위험 프리미엄과 세계시장프리미엄이 모두 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 외환위기 기간이었던 1997년을 제외하더라도 차이가 없었다. 따라서 기업의 재무결정에서 환위험헤징활동 등이 기업가치창조와 무관하지 않음을 의미하고 있다. 국내시장위험과 세계시장위험이 모두 프리미엄을 요구하고 있음은 우리 국내시장이 세계시장과 완전 통합된 상태는 아님을 보여준다고도 해석될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

In this study, a new topology optimization method is developed to design heat-dissipating structure with forced convection. To cool down electrical devices or mechanical machines, two types of convection models have been widely used: the natural convection model with a large Archimedes number and the forced convection with a small Archimedes number. In these days, lots of engineering application areas such as electrochemical conversion devices (Fuel cell) or rocket propulsion engines adopt the forced convection to dissipate the generated heat. Therefore, to our knowledge, it becomes an important issue to design flow channels inside which the generated heat dissipate. Thus, this paper studies optimal topological designs considering fluid-heat interactions. To consider the effect of the advection in the heat transfer problem, the incompressible Navier-stokes equation is solved. This paper numerically studies the coupling phenomena and presents optimal channel design considering forced convection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.83-91
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• 2005

This paper describes the structural strength test technique and the results for cylindrical supersonic vehicle subjected to both aerodynamic load and thermal load. The special positioning system using spring links was designed to float, support and restrain the test airframe during the test and the down-time. The hydraulic system and the electric heating system were utilized to apply the aerodynamic load and the thermal load to the test airframe together. Particularly, several hundreds of infrared quartz lamps were used for the heating system, and the thermal test conditions were successfully simulated. The test results showed that this kind of high temperature test is adequate to verify the structure integrity and produce useful engineering data which is necessary for the possible structural modification under thermal environments.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2011

As a technique for removing cancerous tumors from normal tissue, radio-frequency electromagnetic waves were employed to heating target cells up to the critical temperature, which kills the cancerous cells. However, its use in treating tumors in soft organs is limited by inconvenient factors, which are use of high-currents and long time operation. In this work, the feasibility of the localized heating by inserting four conducting electrodes with tiny direct current is investigated. The heat source is resulting from the electric field as known as resistive heating. We have investigated the temperature distribution as a function of applying DC voltages ranging from 10 V to 30 V with 10 V step. From the simulation results, the mushroom-like lesion shape by applying 20 V is generated by four electrodes within a few minutes, that is proper to the clinical application.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.29-37
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• 1995

A resonant frequency of piezoelectric transducer depends remarkably on the electric impedance connected to the vibrator. In this paper, using this effect of frequency controllable two layered PZT ultrasonic transducer is designed and its acoustic characteristics are analyzed by a new transmission model equivalent circuit. The theoretical and the experimental results of the electric impedance effect on the resonant frequency variation were compared and both results showed a good consistency each other. The resonant frequency has been controlled continuously in the wide frequency range of 180kHz~580kHz and the effective attenuations were less than 7dB in the frequency range of 330kHz~470kHz.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1235-1242
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• 2018

When the wind speed changes rapidly, the wind turbine is stopped for the safety of the power system and the mechanical system. At that moment, the wind turbine gearbox is damaged and broken due to the contact load of the gearbox. In addition, the problems such as increasing frictional heat and deteriorate of the brake occur, because the power of the blades is transmitted directly to the brakes. This paper proposes a hybrid magnetic gear shape that solves the problem caused by the contact of the mechanical gear, which is the power transmission device of the wind power generation system, and the power cutoff system. The shape of the hybrid magnetic gearsuitable for the wind power generation system is derived through the torque and loss analysis according to the shape of the hybrid magnetic gear by using the two dimensional finite analysis method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.316-329
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• 2012

In this paper, optimum design process of ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) torch, which has been used widely in aerospace application, such as supersonic plasma wind tunnel, is presented. For this purpose, the behaviors of equivalent circuit parameters (equivalent resistance and inductance, coupling efficiency) were investigated according to the variations of torch design parameters (frequency, $f$, confinement tube radius, $R$ and coil turn numbers, $N$) in the basis of analytical and numerical MHD (Magneto Hydro-Dynamics) models combined with electrical circuit theory. From the results, it is found that equivalent resistance is increased with the increase of $f$ values but vice versa for equivalent inductance. For elevated values of $R$ and $N$, however, both parameters tend to increase. Based on these observations, ICP torch with a power level of 10 kW can be optimized at the design ranges of $f$=4~6 MHz, $R$=17~25 mm and $N$=3~4 to maximize the electrical coupling efficiency, which is the ratio of equivalent resistance to equivalent inductance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.881-887
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• 2014

Micro-sized Peltier coolers are generally employed for uniformly distributing heat generated in the multi-chip packages. These coolers are commonly classified into vertical and planar devices, depending on the heat flow direction and the arrangement of thermoelectric materials on the used substrate. Owing to the strong need for evaluation of performance of thermoelectric modules, at present an establishment of proper theoretical model has been highly required. The design theory for micro-sized thermoelectric cooler should be considered with contact resistance. Cooling performance of these modules was significantly affected by their contact resistance such as electrical and thermal junction. In this paper, we introduce the useful and optimal design model of small dimension thermoelectric module.