• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2016

A Urea-SCR(Selective Catalytic Reactor) system, which converts nitrogen oxides into nitrogen and water in the presence of a reducing agent, creates a major exhaust gas aftertreatment system for NOx reduction among other compounds. With regard to vehicle applications, a urea solution was chosen based on its eutectic composition of a 32.5wt% urea-water solution. An important advantage of this eutectic composition is that its melting point of $-11.7^{\circ}C$ is sufficiently low to avoid solidification in cold environments. However, the storage tanks must be heated separately in case of low ambient temperature levels to ensure a sufficient amount of liquid is available during scheduled start ups. In this study, therefore, a numerical investigation of three-dimensional unsteady heating problems analyzed to understand the melting processes and heat transfer characteristics including liquid volume fraction, temperature distributions, and temperature profiles. The investigations were performed using Fluent 6.3 commercial software that modeled coolant and electric heater models based on a urea solution. It is shown that the melting performance with the electric heater is higher than a coolant heater and is more efficient.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 1995

There are many articles about the HID lamps about it's characteristics and simulation methods for lamp design or ballast design. For the electronic ballasts of HID lamps, There are some problems caused by acoustic-resonance which destabilizes the arc of HID lamps. So, some studies suggest the methods to avoid it. For example, the methods suggested are high frequence driving over 100[kHz], and mixed frequence driving which alternates high frequence and low frequence, and squarewave driving etc. This study suggests the electronic ballast of HID lamps that solves the problems of acoustic-resonance, and can control the luminance by constant current boostes chopper of which frequence is 30[kHz] and by the squarewave driving of which frequence is 55.5[Hz.] As follows, we have the good electronic ballast for HID lamps which has the characteristics of a light weight, and a function of luminance control and a high quality luminosity and which saves electrical energy.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.88-96
• /
• 1995

High speed elevator requires precise drive included in zero speed at start/stop drive for the high stability and controllability. The vector control techniques, which have been used for the precise operation of induction motor, can be divided into two classes; The indirect vector control by slip frequency and the direct vector control by field orientation. The existing direct vector control technique has a robustness against the change of motor parameter and the existing indirect vector control technique has a strength of control ability in the wide speed range comparatively. This study presents the DTIF (Direct Torque Indirect Flux) controller which has robust movement in the transition state and in about zero and low speed using the control technique in which torque is controlled by the direct vector technique and flux is controled by indirect vector technique. The proposed system is verified by simulation and experiment for driving 3 phase induction motor. The process of transition which is from about zero speed and low speed to high speed is compared and measured to specification of phase voltage, phase current and DC link current. It is verified that DTIF controller show robust and stable speed variation.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.420-426
• /
• 2014

In this paper, we have implemented the low temperature fluidity test system with the composited fuel filter and heater, which has tested the low temperature fluidity of gasoline, an engine start time, the consumption of electricity and power to evaluate the system performance. The test condition have used the diesel fuel, the normal temperature, the diesel fuel supply pressure $3.4kgf/cm^2$ at $-20{\sim}-30^{\circ}C$, the fuel supply quantization 60 l/H, the setting current 30 A and the voltage $13V_{dc}$. In order to simulate the operation of diesel fuel filter, we will establish the composited fuel filter into test jig, and be filled with chamber tank and filter by a constant flow quantization and pressure. After these, it shall be cold for setting time. And then we have measured the consumption current and power of heater, an operating time and pressure of filter.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.338-346
• /
• 2013

The conventional lead acid battery is optimized for cranking performance of engine. Recently electric devices and fuel economy technologies of battery have influenced more deep cycle of dynamic behavior of battery. I also causes to reduce battery life-time. This study proposed that aging battery model is focused for increasing of battery durability. The stress factors of battery aging consist of discharge rate, charging time, full charging time and temperature. This paper considers the electrochemical kinetics, the ionic species conservation, and electrode porosity. For prediction of battery life cycle we consider battery model containing strong impacts, corrosion of positive grid and shedding. Finally, we validated that modeling results were compared with the accelerated thermal measurement data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1999

In this paper, a low wattage high frequency operation electronic ballast for double ended 70W metal halide lamp has been investigated As an input source of the proposed ballast, 220V, 60 Hz ac voltage is used and is converted high frequency ac voltage by power processing system. To prevent a physical destruction of the lamp from acoustic resonance phenorrenon, the proposed ballast sLWlies alternating voltage of 22kHz frequency to a metal halide lamp. It shows sorre efficacious result that reduce the start up tiIre of lamp and electric power consumption. By testing the proposed ballast, lamp voltage and lamp current are 155Vpeak, O.64A, respectively. Lamp luminous flux is 5300lm with 82W input power and ballast efficiency is 64.63 Im/w. The average starting tiIre and restriking tiIre of lamp are 3.9 and 4.5 minutes, respectively.tively.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
• /
• 2011.12b
• /
• pp.402-405
• /
• 2011

디젤엔진에서 발생되는 PM과 $NO_X$는 강화되는 배기규제의 주요 저감대상으로서 이의 저감을 위한 다양한 후처리장치가 개발되고 있다. 이중 Urea-SCR은 $NO_X$의 전환율이 높고 연비에 미치는 영향이 작기 때문에 $NO_X$저감을 위한 최선의 장치로 인식되고 있다. 하지만, 우레아 수용액의 물성치 특성으로 인하여 동절기 $-20^{\circ}C$이하로 내려가는 지역에서 동결되는 문제점을 해결해야한다. 따라서 이러한 우레아 저장탱크에 해동 시스템을 적용하여 시동초기 우레아를 적정 시간내에 안정적으로 공급가능한 기술의 확보가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 요소수 저장탱크 내부에 냉각수 순환 가열방식(CH)과 전기 가열방식(EH)을 이용하여 동결된 요소수의 해동현상에 대한 3차원 비정상상태 수치 해석을 수행하였다. 이를 통하여 해동 과정 중 나타난 액상분율, 온도영역 그리고 자연대류를 분석하여 각 가열 방식에 대한 해동특성을 비교하였으며 순수 갈륨 융해 실험 결과값과 수치 해석 결과값를 통하여 수치 해석 방법을 검증하였다. 결론적으로 1,000ml의 우레아 수용액이 확보되기까지의 시간은 CH의 경우, 275s, 그리고 EH의 경우, 230s임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.76-89
• /
• 2018

The distribution of the combined heat and power system is active as a solution to the instability of energy supply and environmental pollution caused by continuous industrial development. In Korea, the safety standards for combined heat and power system using a gas engine are insufficient therefore the study on this is needed. In this study, the safety performance and structural/material assessment items of domestic and international standards applied to the combined heat and power system were analyzed to carry out a standardization study on safety performance applicable to 20 kW gas engine combined heat and power system. In addition, the safety performance assessment (plan) of the gas engine combined heat and power system was derived by performing risk analysis and risk assessment using HAZOP. Assessment items include engine ignition systems related to safety performance, piping tight performance, watering and temperature rise performance, combustion performance, electrical efficiency, thermal efficiency, overall efficiency and humidity performance. Gas and water pipes, gas control and shut-off valves, durability, heat resistance, and cold resistance of metal or non-metallic materials related to the structure and materials of the gas engine combined heat and power systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this paper analyzes and studies to improve the failure cases on the computer that one of electronic control elements for engine in liquified petroleum gas vehicle. The first case, it certified the non-starting phenomenon of engine that it's electronic control unit didn't control the fuel for idle speed actuator because of no given action signal in slow-cut solenoid valve. The second case, it knew the bad condition phenomenon of engine and back-fire by the wire melting of ignition coil and firing of transistor being inside ECU. The third case, it certified the action stoping phenomenon of engine and malfunctioning signal for engine ECU because of leakage of current and an excess current by moisture inflowing inside ECU curcuit plate. Therefore, it is thought that will elevate the durability and reliability of engine computer throughout procure of quality.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.49-53
• /
• 2013

A current sensor is one of important component which is used for the electrical current measurement during charge and discharge of the battery, and monitoring system of the motor controller in the electric and hybrid vehicle. In this study, we have developed an open loop type current sensor using GaAs Hall sensor and magnetic core has an air gap. The Hall sensor detect magnetic field produced by the current to be measured. The 3 mm air gap core was made by HGO electrical steel sheets after slitting, winding, annealing, molding, and cutting. Developed current sensor shows 0.03 % linearity within DC current range from -400 A to +400 A. Operating temperature range was extended to the range of $-40{\sim}105^{\circ}C$ using temperature compensating electronic circuit. To Improve frequency bandwidth limit due to the air flux of PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and Hall sensor, We employed an air flux compensating loop near Hall sensor or on PCB. Frequency bandwidth of the sensor was 100 kHz when we applied sine wave current of $40A{\cdot}turn$ in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz. For the dynamic response time measurement, 5 kHz square wave current of $40A{\cdot}turn$ was applied to the sensor. Response time was calculated time reach to 90 % of saturation value and smaller than $2{\mu}s$.