• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.219-228
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• 2019

Thanks to the development of information technology and the vitalization of smart services, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, in which various smart devices are connected to the network, has been continuously developed. In the legacy IoT architecture, data processing has been centralized based on cloud computing, but there are concerns about a single point of failure, end-to-end transmission delay, and security. To solve these problems, it is necessary to apply decentralized blockchain technology to the IoT. However, it is hard for the IoT devices with limited computing power to mine blocks, which consumes a great amount of computing resources. To overcome this difficulty, this paper proposes an IoT architecture based on the edge computing technology that can apply blockchain technology to IoT devices, which lack computing resources. This paper also presents an operaional procedure of blockchain in the edge computing-based IoT architecture.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.31-39
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• 2007

In this paper, a system for real-time or periodic measurement and analysis of RF parameters such as forward transmit power and pilot power in CDMA base station systems is proposed. Such RF characteristic parameter measurement can be prevented from system fault and used to achieve optimal service quality and maximum investment return through cell coverage expansion, subscriber capacity increase and so on. For forward power measurement, the local oscillator frequency for the detector is varied so that the transmit power for all channels can be measured. The channel power measurement can be used to analyze the variation in transmit power for changes in voice traffic. By comparing to forward $E_c/I_o$, the pilot channel power can be deducted, which can be used to determine uy degradation in transmit section modules such as the high dover amplifier. Since an accurate analysis of carefully measured data using the CDMA level detector must be made, the system is designed so that measurement errors due to changes in crest factor with modulation method can be overcome.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.272-281
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• 2014

Objective: The provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with good pharmacy practice (GPP) standards is important, but there is lack of studies to investigate the barriers that significantly hinder community pharmacies in Korea from adhering to the standards. This study was aimed to identify the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in compliance with the proposed pharmacy practice standards which have been developed based on the GPP standards recommended jointly by WHO and FIP. Methods: Questionnaires reviewed by the expert committee were posted for 32 days on the website which is most frequently accessed by community pharmacists. The respondents completed them by checking the scores (Max=5, Min=1) for major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service focusing on patient information management and drug use review process in prescription fillings. The answered scores were automatically collected using online data processing. Mean differences between scored data were assessed by ANOVA. Results: Total 321 pharmacists participated in the survey. Results indicated that 'difficulty of diagnosis identification' (m=3.92, SD=1.21), 'lack of time' (m=3.48, SD=1.22) and 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.17, SD=1.10) were the major barriers to provision of pharmaceutical care service in patient information management. The main barriers to drug utilization review were 'lack of time' (m=3.32, SD=1.21), 'lack of updated clinical information' (m=3.11, SD=1.17), and 'negative feedbacks or refusals from prescribers' (m=3.00, SD=1.38). There were significant differences among the groups by location, employed number of pharmacists and acceptability to the proposed GPP standards. Conclusion: Difficulties in managing patient clinical information and lack of time were found to be the major barriers in providing pharmaceutical care services in community pharmacies in Korea. Further research is recommended to determine ways to reduce these barriers in order to provide quality pharmaceutical care service that is in compliance with the internationally recognized GPP guidelines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.461-467
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• 2017

As the number of smart devices increases, e-book contents and services are proliferating. However, the text based e-book is difficult for a hearing-impairment person to understand. In this paper, we developed an android based application in which we can choose an e-book text file and each sentence is translated to sign-language elements which are shown in videos that are retrieved from the sign-language contents server. We used the korean sentence to sign-language translation algorithm based on the morpheme analysis. The proposed translation algorithm consists of 3 stages. Firstly, some elements in a sentence are removed for typical sign-language usages. Secondly, the tense of the sentence and the expression alteration are applied. Finally, the honorific forms are considered and word positions in the sentence are revised. We also proposed a new method to evaluate the performance of the translation algorithm and demonstrated the superiority of the algorithm through the translation results of 100 reference sentences.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.503-513
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• 2004

In large distributed systems, replications of data and service are needed to decrease communication cost, increase availability, and avoid single server bottleneck. Tree Quorum protocol is a representative replication protocol, which exploits a logical structure. Tree quorum protocol is one of the replication protocols allowing low read cost only in the best case, while the number of replicas exponentially increases as the level grows. In this paper, thus, we propose a new replication protocol, called symmetric tree protocol which efficiently solves the problem. The proposed symmetric tree protocol also requires much smaller read cost than previous protocols. We conduct cost and availability analysis of the protocols, and the proposed protocol displays comparable read availability to the tree protocol using much smaller number of nodes. Also, the symmetric tree protocol has much smaller response time than the logarithmic protocol.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.278-286
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• 2008

This paper investigates the fault generation type and the cause of output interruptionsin bulky with $30^{\sim}500[KVA]$ double conversion UPS, and proposes the fault detection method to improve the reliability of power supply used in the critical load in industry. Identifies its existing way of detecting a quality of inverter output it to bypass when exceeds its expectation. Under a UPS managing system, when an inner (Power device, Controller, CPU) fault occurs it disrupts the power supply and these occurrences has been verified by the results of experiments and application results. To overcome these problems, the proposed method constructs independently a fault-detection, a bypass-control device and a triple power supply apart from the conventional UPS operation. Also the detection point is changed to the preceding of a circuit breaker, a reference of fault detection is modified to avoid any clash and the breaking equipment is attached to intercept a spread of accident. As a result of applications of these developed systems to 242 UPS which was installed purposefully to the communication power supply, the service errors has not occurred in the UPS for two years since 2006.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.187-198
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• 2018

Recently, financial transactions and electronic commerce in cyberspace are being performed more quickly and conveniently, with the development in diverse types of fintech and biometric authentication. But user authentication using passwords still occupies a big proportion even in these new services. therefore, safe creation and management of passwords is fundamental and indispensable to protect personal information and asset. This study examined the patterns of password usage by conducting a survey and analyzed factors influencing password security behavior intentions using the heath belief model. As a result, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers significantly affected security behavior intentions, and especially, perceived severity had a moderating effect in other factors.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.9C no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2002

MPLS which integrates routing of layer 3 and switching of layer 2, enables support for fast forwarding, traffic engineering and virtual private network services. GSMP is open interface protocol between a label switch and a controller, and it provides connection, configuration, event, performance management and synchronization. In the GSMP open interface, the functions of network management can be located either in the controller or in the label switch. To simplify the label switch and enhance the efficiency of resources, we adopt the network management model, in which the SNMP agent is located in the controller and is interworked with the GSMP. We presented the interworking scenrios between the GSMP and the network management of MPLS. We implemented the controller to verify the realization of our adopted network management model, and measured the connection setup delay of the provisioned connection.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between types of self-care activities and demand of agro-healing services in adults with disabilities. Data were obtained from a survey of 160 adults with disabilities dwelling in Korea and SPSS 25.0 software was used for frequency, descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The main results applying the Behavioral Model for vulnerable populations were as follows: 1) among the different types of their self-care activities, the mean of passive perceptions score was 1.13(SD=0.81), the mean of physical behaviors score was 3.01(SD=1.04), the mean of social relationships score was 1.40(SD=1.42) and the mean of agro-healing services utilization per year was 4.30(SD=2.55), 2) passive perceptions and social relationships in their self-care activities positively affected demand of agro-healing services, 3) age, perceived physical health, perceived mental health, region of adults with disabilities were also significantly associated with demand of agro-healing services. Based on these results, practical and political implications for promoting self-care activities and agro-healing services in adults with disabilities were discussed.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.804-809
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• 2013

The current state monitoring system at a semiconductor manufacturing process is based on the manually collected sensor data, which involves limitations when it comes to complex malfunction detection and real time monitoring. This study aims to design a situation recognition algorithm to form a network over time by creating a domain ontology and to suggest a system to provide users with services by generating events upon finding risk factors in the semiconductor process. To this end, a multiple sensor node for situational inference was designed and tested. As a result of the experiment, events to which the rule of time inference was applied occurred for the contents formed over time with regard to a quantity of collected data while the events that occurred with regard to malfunction and external time factors provided log data only.