• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.143-154
• /
• 2008

This paper considers option and non-use values of rail services. The total economic value of a given transport service can be classified into use, option and non-use values, other grouping rules can be applied though. The use value is the consumer's surplus from the actual rides of a specific mode. The option value, on the other hand, can be defined as a traveler's willingness to pay for reserving a travel mode, which is not his or her main choice, as a standby alternative. Finally, the non-use value represents benefits that are not attributable to the actual use or option use, but to the vicarious, altruistic, functional and existing worth of a transport service. A stated preference survey based on a double-bounded dichotomous choice is conducted. A survival model is applied to the data collected. Calculations of trip makers' willingness to pay for option and non-use values are based on the parameters of the estimated survival model. Some suggestions for transport appraisal are also presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2010

Mode choice behavior is associated with travelers' latent behavior that is an unobservable preference to travel behavior or mode characteristics. This paper specifically addresses the problem of unobservable factors, that is latent behavior, in mode choice models. Consideration of latent behavior in mode choice models reduces the errors that come from unobservable factors. In this study, the authors defined the latent variables that mean a quantitative latent behavior factors, and developed the combined RP/SP model with latent variables using the mode choice behavior survey data. The data has traveler's revealed preference of existent modes along the Han River and stated preference of new water transit on the Han River. Also, The data has travelers' latent behavior. Latent variables were defined by factor analysis using the latent behaviour data. In conclusion, it is significant that the relationship between traveler's latent behavior and mode choice behavior. In addition, the goodness-of-fit of the mode choice models with latent variables are better than the model without latent variables.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.269-270
• /
• 2017

스마트 시티에 제공되는 서비스는 기반 서비스와 특화 서비스로 나뉜다. 그 중 특화 서비스는 도시의 목적과 특성에 맞게 제공이 되는 서비스이다. 특화 서비스의 경우 각 지방자치단체에서 제공 계획을 만들고 제공을 하게 된다. 그러면 하나의 스마트 시티가 완성이 되고 생활을 하게 되면서 제공했던 서비스가 지방 자치 단체의 운영 관리의 문제 때문에 제공되는 서비스에 대한 만족도, 체감도는 낮은 것으로 보여진다. 따라서 수 많은 서비스 중 어떤 서비스가 제공 되어야 하는지를 결정을 해야 하고, 재정상 문제가 있을 경우 서비스 우선순위를 결정 하여 순차적으로 제공을 하는 것이 중요한 부분이라고 생각한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 스마트 시티 서비스 중 특화 서비스를 대상으로 기존 스마트 시티 서비스에 대한 만족 및 선호와 잠재 수요자의 선호서비스를 조사를 하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 현재 제공이 되고 있는 서비스와 선호 서비스의 차이점을 조사 및 분석을 하고, 기존 연구되어진 논문과 서비스 우선순위를 비교 분석을 하여, 향후 스마트 시티의 특화 서비스의 제공에 관한 계획을 할 때, 어떤 서비스 선정 결정을 하는데 도움이 될 것으로 예상된다.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.41 no.1
• /
• pp.65-78
• /
• 2022

This study aims to 1) verify the validity of the Science self-efficacy scale and 2) perform a latent mean analysis of the background variables about a pre-service teacher. The study uses pre-tests to analyze data from 187 pre-service teachers, which uses Tark's Science self-efficacy scale (2011). To identify the factor structure, exploratory factor analysis was performed. Based on the results of the pilot test, the expert group council revised the scale for the pre-service teachers to respond to the 3-factor structure. In the main test, 354 data were analyzed through a modified Science self-efficacy scale, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. The results of the study are as follows: First, in the pilot test, the pre-service teacher responded to a 3-factor instrument, but the validity of two items was examined further below. Second, the pre-service teachers responded to a 3-factor instrument on 29 items for the modified Science self-efficacy scale. The total reliability of the instrument was .886 and the reliability of each factor was analyzed as .882-.886. Finally, the latent mean analysis by gender showed that females have a higher self-regulation efficacy factor and males have a higher self-confidence factor (Cohen's d > .3). Furthermore, there is a significant difference in task difficulty preference and self-regulatory efficacy factor (Cohen's d > .8) between the college preparatory and science subject preference. This study provides important insights into and contributions to the accurate scientific self-efficacy diagnosis of pre-service teachers, as well as proposes a curriculum to improve the scientific self-efficacy of prospective teachers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.136-144
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate students' food consumption including potentially hazardous food (PHF) and food preference in elementary school lunch menus. High protein foods and raw or cooked vegetable dishes in the menus for three weeks were grouped as PHF-1 and PHF-2, respectively. Three hundred eight-four children from three different elementary schools, aged 10 to 12 years, completed the questionnaire that asked them to report on how much they eat, what foods they like the most and the least, and why they did not like it. Chisquare test was used to analyze the differences among schools, Evades and genders far food consumption using the SPSS. Results showed that students were exposed to at least two kinds of PHF in school lunches per day. 89% and 82% of students ate 100% amount of PHF-1 and PHF-2, respectively. There were significant differences in the amount of food consumption by school and day served. Students preferred high protein foods, such as meat ball, pork and chicken barbecues, which were consumed the most. These data indicate that appropriate control measures or procedure is needed to manage hazards associated with PHF in the menu items to decrease the risk of foodborne illness in school lunch.

• Journal of KIISE
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.621-627
• /
• 2017

Collaborative filtering is a technique that effectively recommends unrated items for users. Collaborative filtering is based on the similarity of the items evaluated by users. The existing top-N recommendation methods are based on pair-wise and list-wise preference models. However, these methods do not effectively represent the relative preference of items that are evaluated by users, and can not reflect the importance of each item. In this paper, we propose a new method to represent user's latent preference by combining an existing preference model and the notion of inverse user frequency. The proposed method improves the accuracy of existing methods by up to two times.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.337-350
• /
• 2019

The Gwangyang City of Jeonnam Province, is one of the steel cities representing the Korea. Gwangyang Steelworks are the core of the local economy, and 59 firms of POSCO Outsourcing Partner Cooperation(POSPA) have been employed 9,300 to 9,500 peoples, and have been acted as an central incubator for job creation. POSPA, however, are suffering from the retirement of company in young age group, in their 20s and 30s. The purpose of this study is to analyze potential job seekers' perceptions and job preferences for POSPA are suffering from job openings. In order to this research purpose, it used questionary survey, and sample groups were divided into three areas, the Eastern Jeonnam Province, Gwangju, and the Seoul metropolitan area. Potential job seekers' perceptions for POSPA was low, and perceptions on firm and job opportunity information was lower. This characteristics were the same as those of respondents living in eastern South Jeolla Province. Potential job seekers, however, showed high preference for finding job at POSPA. A place-based policy considering the local labor market is needed to resolve the mismatch between the difficulty of finding a labor and the difficulty of finding a job.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.485-499
• /
• 2012

With the maturity of department stores and discount stores, many Korean retail companies have an interest in developing outlet shopping centers such as Yeoju Premium Outlet so on. To develop a successful outlet shopping center, developers should understand consumer's preferences on many attributes of development alternatives. This study analyzes consumer's preferences on outlet shopping center and evaluates various development alternatives by using conjoint analysis. With empirical research for outlet shopping center development, this study can elicit potential shopper's preference for outlet shopping center. The empirical result shows discount rate is most important attribute to develop outlet shopping center. The potential shoppers have higher preference for higher discount rate. Location is the second important attribute. Brand is the least important attribute. By using utilities derived from analysis, this study performs various choice simulations. Through choice simulation analysis, this study tries to find the best development alternative for new outlet shopping center.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.166-171
• /
• 2009

Powder method is simple and very effective method for developing latent finger and palm print in crime scene. This technique has been actively studied to enhance effectiveness. In general, the evaluation for developing powder is mainly performed by the subjective opinion of researcher from comparison of the results obtained with existing and new one to develope finger and palm deposition. The purpose of this work is to present objective method of powder-treated latent fingerprint for evaluating method by developing efficiency. We indicated three evaluating methods of objective developing efficiency, which are measuring the number of minutiae in same sections on print, scattering level of developing reagent and contrast between developing reagent and background materials.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.21-44
• /
• 2011

It is important to consider an equitable allocation framework for domestic GHG emission reduction. First, the study established criteria and indicators for the National Allocation Plan (NAP) based on the principles of cost-efficiency and social-acceptance, and performed a case study of the sectoral effort sharing method, using the effort sharing index. The equity analysis of effort sharing based on sectoral preferences and inter-sectoral equity using a Lorenz Curve are performed. The equitable method is more likely to be suitable than the economic one which considers just reduction potential. Equitable effort sharing reflects a higher level of equity than economic effort sharing. At the same time, the equitable effort sharing method is essential for reflecting equity and establishing criteria for equity because evaluation with the equitable effort sharing method depends in particular on the weight of equity criteria. The result suggests the importance of consideration of equity and the establishment of equity criteria. In conclusion, it is critical to consider not only cost-efficiency but equity in policy decision making in terms of the sectoral effort sharing for national GHG reduction target.