• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2022

The development of the Construction Production Rates System for appropriate construction cost calculation has recently come to the fore as a means of invigorating OSC based PC structure which currently needs institutional frameworks. PC structure based construction expenses consist of the factory-built assembly, transportation and on-site installation. Recently, in the field of transportation and site installation, research on product structure development is being conducted, such as presenting the standard product calculation system reflecting the results of field survey for each subsidiary materials (Lee et al., 2021). On the other hand, there is no ongoing research on estimating construction expenses of Factory-built assembly. This study suggests Construction Production Rates System which can be used for PC subsidiary materials based Factory-built assembly cost estimations. For the research, work types for the construction procedures have been categorized, and the standard input manpower suitable for the corresponding work characteristics has been derived from analyzing the associated Construction Standard Production Rates for each work type. Also, as the research referred PC subsidiary materials (such as columns, beams, walls, and slab, as well as on-site installation) and the standard number of workforce based on work types, one can calculate direct labor cost, using what the research shows. In addition, it suggests that the size of individual subsidiary materials be the extra cost factor, by using the characteristics that productivity changes depending on the size(m³) of subsidiary materials. It is expected that the research can contribute to objectively verifying factory-built assembly cost through of PC structure, which currently relies on estimates.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1986

An experimental study was undertaken to obtain the basic information on the effect of seed moisture content and cylinder speed of thresher on the mechanical damage and seed germination in soybeans. The moisture content at maturity was the highest in stern and followed by seed and pod-shell for Hwang-keurnkong and also the highest in stern and followed by pod-shell and seed for Danyeobkong in that order. The variation in the moisture contents of stern, seed, and pod-shell in a day on the 7th day after maturity showed gradually decreasing trends from 7 :00 in the morning to 17 :00 in the afternoon. On the 14th day after maturity, the moisture content of pod-shell was higher than that of seeds up until 11 :00 in the morning but it was higher in the seeds after that. The greater the cylinder speed and the higher the moisture content of seeds, the higher the percentage of seeds damaged was resulted. At the same time, the percentage of seeds damaged was higher in Hwangkeumkong large seed sized than in Danyeobkong small seed sized at the same cylinder speed. Considering the seed yield, percentage of seeds damaged, percentage of seeds germinated, threshing efficiency and drying, etc., the appropriate cylinder speed was believed to be about II m per second and the most appropriate moisture contents of seeds for threshing were believed to be about 15-20%.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.89-120
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to suggest a new approach to the terminal operators in order for them to efficiently control their operation cost and support the strategic decision making system and build a performance evaluation process through the systematic cost analysis approach. This study implemented terminal cost analysis based on the traditional cost system, ABC and TDABC and compared the results of each approach. Throughout the study, the usefulness of TDABC was proved in finding operational problems and suggesting countermeasures for improving cost effectiveness and minimizing unused cost.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1279-1284
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the reasonable roasting condition of chicory. Extraction and surface color development of roasted chicory were significantly influenced by roasting temperature and time, and they were increased with increasing time, and roasting at $170^{\circ}C$ showed the highest browning color development. Soluble solid contents was not affected by roasting temperature and time. Roasting for 10min at $150^{\circ}C$ exhibited the highest sensory score, at which the free sugar composition of the extract was 0.87% xylose, 0.62% fructose and 0.84% sucrose. A total of 17 volatile components were identified by GC/MSD from the dried and roasted chicories. Aldehyde, ketone and pyrazine compounds were found to be major volatile flavor components in chicory roots. It was concluded that the results of this work will be useful to determine the optimum conditions for roasting of chicory roots.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.54-61
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• 2016

The initial planned annual cost is frequently adjusted under the construction process in construction projects. If the annual cost is reduced than the initial planned cost, the number of possible activities is also reduced from initial planned progress schedule. In such cases, project manager need to replan the progress schedule with possible activities within changed annual cost. However, most project manager will proceed as planned schedule without any change. After the project cost has been exhausted, there are many cases to stop the operation of the construction site. This study developed active 5D CAD system that can replan the progress schedule within changed annual cost and simulate the cost status according to the changed schedule for cost visualization. This system can be used as a decision-making tool in the replaning progress schedule and will be able to increase the practical usability of 5D CAD system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.153-161
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• 2012

In this empirical study at the Web environment based on the frequency distribution of the cyclomatic complexity number of the application, the relevance of the threshold has been analyzed with the next two assumptions. The upper bound established by McCabe in the procedural programming equals 10 and the upper bound established by Lopez in the Java programming equals 5. Which numerical value can be adapted to Web application contexts? In order to answer this 10 web site projects have been collected and a sample of more than 4,000 ASP files has been measured. After analyzing the frequency distribution of the cyclomatic complexity of the Web application, experiment result is that more than 90% of Web application have a complexity less than 50 and also 50 is proposed as threshold of Web application. Web application has the complex architecture with Server, Client and HTML, and the HTML side has the high complexity 35~40. The reason of high complexity is that HTML program is usually made of menu type for home page or site map, and the relevance of that has been explained. In the near future we need to find out if there exist some hidden properties of the Web application architecture related to complexity.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.695-701
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• 2007

This study was carried out to develop a standard methods of mechanized salt-inserting salting process for winter cabbage to produce kimchi. Mid or large scaled mechanized kimchi plants were surveyed to select dominant variables of the mechanized salting process. Salt concentration of salting water, salting time and dewatering time were selected as the dominant variables of the salting process. A series of laboratorial experiment was performed with winter cabbage to determine desirable conditions for the variables. A supplementary experiment with cabbages of the other seasons was executed also to compare the determined conditions each other. Finally the determined conditions of the salting process were tested by plant scale experiments with winter cabbage and proved their validity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.263-268
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• 2005

Nowadays, the vessel size is tending to be bigger and bigger, so port facilities are following this trend, which has been shown inthe competition of Hub-Port among the main ports such as Port of Busan and Port of Shanghai. But there are limited numbers of large container vessels and $70\%$ of the call ships at Busan port are middle and small sized ships which are less than 20,000ton. So we need to consider the handling facilities for these sized ships, but it has disregarded. In this paper, we estimate the optimum level of crane and labor according to vessel's size by container handling cost value reflecting size of vessel; size and number of crane and labor structure.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2020

For modern people who spend most of their time indoors, the indoor environment is very important. The efficiency of work depends on the amenity level of the occupants who use the office space. Therefore, the experiment was conducted to derive the proper illuminance according to the amenity level of the occupants. The experiment was conducted in an office in Chilgok County for 6 days. The illuminance of the indoor was changed every day, the feeling brightness of the occupants was measured every 10 minutes, the eye fatigue was measured every 30 minutes, and the overall illuminance and the work surface illuminance were measured every hour. Experimental results show that the feeling brightness is different depending on the position of the occupants. Also, it was found that the brightness survey preferred by the occupants required more proper illuminance than the brightness. In addition, it is considered that there is a correlation with indoor temperature and humidity as the eye fatigue of occupants. Brightness preference by time of day was analysis from feeling brightness of occupants and preference brightness of occupants, and then it was analyzed like eye fatigue to derive proper illuminance per hour. Based on these results, it can be utilized for improvement of eye amenity existing office space.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.2-25
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• 2021

This study evaluated gender preferences regarding the mechanical properties of polymers that are typically used as cooperative robot skin. Gender-based preferences of workers aged 20~30 and polydimethylsiloxane were examined according to the body parts which is most frequently in contact with the robot during operation. The factors influencing preference, i.e., stiffness and stickiness, as measured by strain rate and contact angle, respectively, were analyzed to compare gender-based differences. Female preferred stiffer materials with small strain rates while male preferred softer materials with large strain rates. As a result of evaluating mechanical properties of the materials to relate to gender-based preference, we found that female tended to prefer Dragon-skin with the lowest stickiness, and a low strain rate, during compressive creep tests. In contrast, male tended to prefer Ecoflex with high strain rate regardless of stickiness. Therefore, these results provide basis for material selection when considering cooperative robot skin.