• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.5 s.110
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• pp.491-513
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• 2005

The Republic of Korea is planning to build the now Multi-functional Administrative city (NMAC). The purpose of this paper is to suggest the conceptual framework for this new city that relies on the Korean geomancy, oriental viewpoint on man and nature relationship, particularly in Korea. According to the Geomancy which could conceptualize the human-environment relationship in the site, the overall landscape image of the city could be symbolized by two flying crane with three Taegueks. In transforming the overall landscape image to urban form, two diamonds which means eternity and strength arises from the western spatial viewpoint, as means to protect and harmonize the human, land and mountain relationship in this site and the symbolic meaning of this site as generative and sacred place in Korean people's mind. On the one hand, through juxtaposing of the two diamonds a geometric structure shows up, on the other hand the main axis of the city could be established from two crane and three Taegueks. On the North-South axis from the core of the symbolic green axis, symbolic things will be located, and the administrative offices will be Placed on the East-West axis. Peripherals of the central axis also play a role in developing overall land use from image. The buildings and residents could be arranged and located according to undulations and this is based on the oriental theory of geomancy. We can build cultural amenities on the head part of the crane and on the core area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.833-836
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed an intelligent surveillance system which can be determined by the overspeed of vehicle which continuously collects by video imaging device. Imaging device to capture images continuously, and filtering errors that occur as a natural, long-distance moving objects by comparing the images collected before and after the images. To measure the size of things, it proves that able to measure speed of the vehicle, depending on the amount of growing pixels using the pixel processing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2013

In nature, to change the consciousness of those who wish to pursue something new, the road is turning function-oriented 'Walking Path' into purpose-oriented 'Walking Trails'. Though 'Walking Trails' is a long linear journey that leads people to see, to feel and to experience while walking on the trail, but considering on the landscape of trails when selecting routes is lacking. Landscapes, which are felt and perceived while walking on the trail, provide a purpose, and can be an important factor to improve visitor satisfaction. However, the study is insufficient in terms of landscape of trails. Therefore, it is the purpose of this study to find ways to help improving visitors' satisfaction in selecting routes, by analyzing the images and preferences of trails landscapes that are visually perceived, by analyzing the correlation between visitors' satisfaction and them. For this study, landscape assessment was carried out after selecting representative landscape photos of BukhansanDulegil 13 sections and landscape images adjectives for landscape assessment. Through the assessment, analyze landscape images of each section, landscape images factors affecting a wish to walk and landscape preferences, relationship between visitors' satisfaction and them. 'Refreshing' image was higher on the path with many trees and less artificial elements; 'urban' image was higher on the path with artificial elements. 'A wish to walk' and 'landscape preference' was higher on the path showed 'refreshing' and 'pastoral' image with many natural elements. Factors affecting 'a wish to walk' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "impressive-ordinary", factors affecting 'landscape preference' were "refreshing-unpleasant", "comfortable-uncomfortable". In addition, landscape preference was found to have a high correlation with visitors' satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.108-117
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• 2013

Modern city doesn't have its own identity that differentiates itself from others despite the fact that each city has a historical value. This is due to the demolition of historical and regional values. As such problems are connected to urban problems, they become even more serious. Thus, the researchers of this study set Gyeongbokgung(Palace) as an object to look into landscape factors and found out the relations between psychological variables and preference. Then, the researchers analyzed the quantitative relations between the physical attributes of historic cultural landscape and human response. As such, the researchers aimed to set and propose a confirmed standard in terms of identity and regional & historical values of historic cultural landscape. Since this study was performed with an object of historic cultural landscape that was reproduced based on original landscape in the past, a future study should be on the difference in preference based on the proportion of modern landscape. Based on such studies, a new plan should be made for forming the urban historic cultural landscape.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.355-365
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to review the current situation of Ssireum and to investigate a basic direction for globalization of Ssireum. Examining disposition, situation, and image of Ssireum through literatures analysis, survey, in-depth interview was conducted. In detail, it's recognition and image perceived by customers and general individuals were investigated, and it's perception and related image of foreigners were analyzed. We examined the situation and the various problems of Ssireum on the base of site and customers. We made a conclusion that Korea has to make a great deal of effort for globalization of Ssireum both as a sport through institutionalization of alternatives for the globalization and as a heritage which has a strong identity. As detail alternatives for the globalization of Ssireum, education through physical education in school, bringing up foreign athletes, maximization of event values, specialization of Ssireum organization, international instructor, glocalization, culture coding, enhancement of ritual, connection with festival and so on were suggested.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.59
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Experimental measurements of flames and the product properties were performed for small kerosene pool fires. which is widely used as a fire source of laboratory scale experiments with scaling modeling. The flame length and flickering frequency were investigated for the flame structures, and compared with the theory. Three measurement methods were introduced to clarify the smoke characteristics, i.e. various gas concentrations, smoke density and thermophoretic sampling with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The yield of carbon dioxide and the consumption of oxygen were proportional to the heat release rate of pool fires, but there is no trend on carbon monoxide emission. Smoke density of turbulent flames was exponentially increased with the heat release rate. The morphology of the soot particle was investigated to address the degree of soot maturing. The results show that the similar smoke morphology between an inverse jet flame and a pool fire exists despite of different combustion controlling mechanisms.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.89-99
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• 2014

This paper offers a landscape design proposal for the 2014 Dreampark Chrysanthemum Festival within the Sudokwon Landfill Site. This site is located at 58 Baeksukdong, Seo-gu, Incheon, and it has an area of approximately $560,000m^2$. Over 1.53million visitors came to this festival on the previous year. This design includes an overall masterplan and a series of planting plans along with a core selection of iconic topiaries. The goal of the design is to create a landscape that improves the value of the place image and local economy as well as celebrates the 2014 Incheon Asian Game. In order to achieve this goal, three design subjects were considered: promoting local pride as a part of Incheon, increasing the aesthetic value of the site based on the brand image, and sustainable placemaking. To promote local pride, the 2km long "Little Incheon" is designed over a wildflower field, which is inspired by Incheon Bridge to give a strong image of the locality. A variety of programs from local gardening participation were introduced to the east part of the site. The design also outlines the vision for the development of Dreampark - a people-oriented gathering place for the entire community with spaces that offer a variety of unstructured recreational and cultural experiences. To increase the aesthetic brand value of the festival, it introduced a variety of wildflower beds scattering through the whole site. It creates a strong brand image for the festival and memories that will encourage visitors to return. Various folktales of Asian countries are displayed by autumn flowers and groundcover plants at the centre of the site, which is the highlight of the festival site. For sustainable placemaking, the design preserves the existing trees and reed beds for wildlife to create natural layers of landscape. In addition, facilities and service centers are designed to be flexible and are centred on the needs of the people using them. Also a festival management scheme was planned in order to operate the site efficiently and economically.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

The Study takes the rivers in Zhouzhuang - traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape as the object. The purpose of this study is to grasp the relationships between visual characteristics and the preference. The following is the research process: Firstly, the theoretical study of Zhouzhuang, the traditional Kangnam region in China, is conducted, the watery landscape is taken pictures, and 22 photos are selected. Secondly, in order to grasp the visual preference and landscape characteristics of the watery landscape in Zhouzhuang, 22 pictures and 25 pairs of adjectives are adopted for the questionnaire survey. Thirdly, in order to have a better understanding on the physical properties and effects of physical quantity on the preference, the occupation ratios of buildings and sculptures, natural elements, footpaths, bank revetments and other landscape elements are calculated, and the mean analysis, dispersion analysis and regression analysis are conducted. In order to grasp the landscape characteristics and preference factors, 25 pairs of adjectives are used to conduct the factor analysis. In order to grasp the effects of characteristics of visual factors on the preference, the dispersion analysis and regression analysis are carried out. The results are as follows: From the results of the landscape preference analysis, in the No.22 photo with the top preference, 11 pairs of adjectives, namely, "harmonious-disharmonious", "beautiful-ugly", "rural-urban", "soft-rough", "stable-instable", "romantic-realistic", "cheerful-gloomy", "brilliant-simple", "natural-artificial", "familiar-strange", and "clean-dirty" have positive effects on watery landscape. It can be viewed as the relatively important factor in the visual preference. In terms of the results of visual physical quantity analysis of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape, the landscape with high occupation ratio of buildings and sculptures has positive effects on visual preference. The results of analysis of visual physical quantity and preference show that the preference degree increases as the occupation ratio of footpath area increases. The analysis results of visual characteristics of traditional Chinese Kangnam watery landscape identify four factors, namely psychological factor, cultural factor, condition factor and physical factor. It can be concluded from the results of analysis of the relationships between visual preference and visual characteristics that the return coefficient B of the psychological factor is +0.936. It can significantly affect the watery landscape, so it can be identified as the most important factor among the visual preference factors of Chinese Kangnam watery landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.72-88
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• 2014

This study was conducted in order to analyze user behavior and preference factors in the outdoor spaces of mental hospitals. Among hospitals with 250 or more beds, 5 hospitals were selected in consideration of size of garden and diversity of garden elements. The subject of the study was restricted to mild cases of schizophrenia while 30~50 patients were selected on the recommendation of their doctor from 5 hospitals, respectively. The physical environment was analyzed, focusing on space components, after visiting the sites of study. A face to face interview method was selected in consideration of patients' cognitive abilities, a total of 230 questionnaires were used for the analysis. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. Rest facilities occupy the largest numbers in the components of garden, and those are followed by landscape facilities, walking/exercise facilities, and experience facilities. Outdoor walking/exercise programs are classified into group walks and free walks with most patients taking group walks. Most of the patients visit these outdoor spaces every day but some of them rarely use the outdoor areas. In order to increase the efficiency of using these outdoor spaces, the percentage of space for ensuring a sense of control should properly harmonize with the percentage of space to facilitate patients in having social contact. With regard to the reasons for preferring the most widely-used outdoor spaces, landscape/environment property was the most important, followed by functionality and then accessibility. Major activities in the preferred space are mainly composed of walking/exercise and rest. The preferred facilities are waterscape facilities such as ponds, waterfalls and fountains, rest facilities such as pergolas and shade trees, and lawn. It was understood that naturalness should be considered to be the most important factor in constructing a new healing garden, followed by aesthetics and amenities. Single facilities rated by preference for introduction were flower beds, trails, and lawn. According to type, waterscape facilities such as fountains, ponds, waterfalls and waterwheels were most preferred. Space for natural distraction and programs for the cultivation of flower beds were also preferred. The ideal image of a healing garden should be bright, familiar, and orderly as a whole, having plenty of introduced facilities. Open spaces were preferred to enclosed spaces. Finally, the image of a garden that helps patients feel calm was thought to be that of the most ideal garden.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.18-27
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• 2012

This paper proposes a management method for a coastal black pine forest landscape considering the parallax effect. For the study, 10 coastal black pine forests in Gangneung were investigated about the average width of the coastal forests, the average diameters, and the intervals of the pines. Categorizations were realized for the 3 types of scene(sea, field, mountain, residential area, commercial area), diameter(16cm, 22cm, 28cm) and interval(5m, 7m, 10m) to produce a total of 45 scenic simulations. An investigation was made on the scenic preferences using 45 simulation images with S.D, and Likert Scales. The results were as follows: According the comparison of scenic preferences, natural landscapes(sea, field, and mountain) ranked high among preferences, with fabricated landscapes(residential area, commercial area) ranked low. The highest scenic preferences were shown with the seascape and an interval of 7m between the trees. On the contrary, the interrelationship was very low between the visual quantity of the scenic's elements(green, sky, building, road etc.) and the scenic preferences. As the results of the factor analysis, the 3 sense factors of "Depth(78.0%)" "Diversity(l5.6%)" and "Spatiality(6.4%)" explained coastal scenic preferences. "Spatiality" showed significant differences at intervals of 5~7m, and 10m between trees. This shows coastal forest management based on the interval of 10m standard affecting scenic preference.