• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was intended to explore the essential structure and the meanings of childbirth experiences among Korean women participated in Lamaze childbirth education. Methods: Giorgi's phenomenological method was used to analyze data collected by in-depth interviews with six primiparous women from March to July 2009. Results: Five components identified in the meanings of experience: 'Simplicity', 'Self-control', 'Uncontrollable pain', 'Spiritual maturity', 'Physiologic event'. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the childbirth experience was positive generally, partially influenced by Lamaze childbirth education. But, meanings of childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education were mostly physiological respect related to labor pain or one's own efforts to endure labor pain. Therefore, nursing strategies for drawing emotional and socio-environmental experiences from childbirth experience with Lamaze childbirth education is needed.

• 건강소식
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.8-9
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• 2012

공기는 늘 곁에 있다. 그러나 그 소중함을 모른다. 사람이 5분만 쉬지 않으면 뇌세포가 죽게 되어 목숨을 잃게 된다. 공기는 생명과 직결된 것이다. 그만큼 우리가 숨 쉬는 공기는 중요하다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the correlations between steroids and TGF-${\beta}_1$ levels and delayed parturition in SCNT clone calving. The recipients pregnant by AI were used as control (AI-R). All AI-R were labored by natural delivery (n=5, day $284{\pm}0.71$ of pregnancy). The recipients pregnant by SCNT embryo (SCNT-R) showing no signs of delivery about 10 days after expected date were operated by Caesarean section (n=5, day 292). The blood and placentome samples were obtained and weighed at parturition. The concentrations of plasma progesterone (P4) and Estradiol-$17{\beta}$ (E2) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The levels of plasma and placental TGF-${\beta}_1$ levels were examined by ELISA. The placentomes from SCNT-R were overweight (p<0.05) compared to those of AI-R. The plasma P4 (p<0.01) level in SCNT-R at parturition was significantly higher compared to that of AI-R. In contrast, the plasma E2 level in the SCNT-R was significantly lower compared to that of AI-R (p<0.05). The plasma and placental TGF-${\beta}_1$ protein levels in the SCNT-R were significantly higher than those of AI-R at parturition, respectively (p<0.01). Based on these results, aberrant expressions of steroid hormones and high levels of plasma and placental TGF-${\beta}_1$ protein at parturition may be one of the key indicators on delayed parturition of SCNT clone calving.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2008

This study was performed to analyze the characterization of plasma hormonal levels during pregnancy in the Hanwoo recipients pregnant by artificial insemination (AI) or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. The synchronized recipients pregnant by SCNT embryos produced by Hanwoo fetal fibroblast cells (n=8) and by AI (control, n=5) were used. The plasma hormonal levels were measured by RIA (P4 and E2) and ELISA (cortisol), respectively. In control, the increase of E2 and the decrease of P4 were occurred immediately before the initiation of parturition. The expression pattern of plasma P4 was similar in both groups from 50 to 10 days before parturition, however, it did not decrease even at the expected date of labor in the SCNT recipients. The plasma cortisol was expressed a lower level during pregnancy in the SCNT recipients. But, the cortisol was increased in the cow aborted around 100 days of pregnancy (n=1). Based on these results, it can be postulated that the failure of the hormonal changes immediately before parturition in the SCNT recipients may be one of the most important reasons for a delayed parturition in clone calving.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1984

A nornal pregnancy with IUD in situ, which is extremely rare case, is reported with the brief reviews of literatures. And assoc i at i on between intrauterine device and pelvic inflammatory disease is also rported.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of repetition usage of various estrus synchronization and seasonal breeding in Hanwoo. Body weight(kg) at birth and weaning in calves produced by seasonal breeding are 24.0kg, 75.6kg in female, 24.9kg, 78.3kg in male, respectively. Changes of birth weight(kg) by parity in Hanwoo increased gradually. Raising rates of calves by raising experience of farmer higher than in more 10 years as $88.4\%$ and in more 6 years as $84.0\%$. Delivering rates by induced estrus methods in $PGF_{2}{\alpha}$, PRID, CIDR and $GnRH-PGF_{2}{\alpha}-GnRH$ were $87.0\%$, $87.3\%$, $91.6\%$ and $96.0\%$, respectively. Conception days of post-partum following to induced estrus methods in Control, $PGF_{2}{\alpha}$ PRID, CIDR and $GnRH-PGF_{2}{\alpha}-GnRH$ were 137.1, 147.6, 141.3, 116.6 and 118.0 days, respectively. The results show that repetition usage of various estrus synchronization were not effective on postpartum reproduction in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2007

This study was performed to induce the estrus in 9 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches by intramuscular injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) 50IU/kg for 10 consecutive days and by intravenous injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) 1,000IU/Head on Day 10. The day when the first injection of PMSG was counted as Day 0 of experiment. All of the bitches were monitored by vaginal discharges, displays the perineal region, vaginal swelling and male acceptances. The 9 bitches (100%) showed vaginal discharges and vaginal swelling, and were mated. The 5 bitches out of 9 bitches were pregnant (55.6%) and 4 bitches were non-pregnant (44.4%). The 3 bitches out of 5 pregnant bitches were spontaneously delivered (33.3%) and litter size were $1.66{\pm}1.15\;(1{\sim}3\;pups)$ pups. The 2 bitches were diagnosed as early embryonic death on days 38 and 41 after first injection of PMSG. These results indicated that rates of estrus induction, pregnancy and delivery were 100%, 55.6% and 33.3%, respectively, using PMSG and hCG.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.83-83
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• 2001

본 연구는 이유한 경산돈의 발정동기화방법이 번식성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대조구(자연발정), T1(Regumate＋PMSG＋hCG), T2(PMSG＋hCG) 및 T3(PG600)처리구로 발정을 유기한 후 12시간 간격으로 2회 인공수정 하여 수태율, 분만율 및 산자수를 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 액상정액은 축산기술연구소 돼지인공수정센타의 종모돈 5두 정액을 혼합하여 이용하였으며, BTS(Beltsville thawing solution) 보존액으로 1회 주입 정자농도를 3.0$\times$$10^{9}$이 되도록 조절하였다. 수태율은 72구가 95.2%, 73처리구가 93.6%로 발정동기화 유도하지 않는 대조구의 91.3%보다 다소 높은 수태율을 나타내었으나 통계적인 유의차는 없었으며, T1 동기화 방법이 87.2%로 가장 낮은 수태율을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 분만율은 T2처리구가 90.4%로 가장 높았으며(P<0.05), T3구는 수태율은 높았으나 분만율이 가장 낮게 조사된 것은 임신 확인 후 각종 사고로 인한 조기 도태 매각 때문인 것으로 분석되었다. 복당 평균 총산자수는 대조구에 비하여 발정 동기화유도 처리구 모두 증가하였으나 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았다.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.271-277
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• 2005

This study was undertaken to determine the normal appearance of the postpartum uterine involution. Postpartum changes in uterine shape, architecture, echogenicity and diameter were monitored with ultrasonography in 8 Cocker spaniel bitches. The excretory period of vaginal discharges in 8 normal bitches of uterine involution was finished completely at 23.20$\pm$2.77 days (Mean$\pm$SD) postpartum. The short axis shape of the uterus was varied from polygonal to circular. This lasted until 1600$\pm$2.12 days Postpartum, during which time the short axis uterine shape gradually changed to circular. Also, the long axis shape of the uterus was created a beaded appearance of the horns until 25.60$\pm$2.51 days postpartum. The uterine diameter was decreased not only in the placental sites from 24.20$\pm$2.06mm at 1 day to 13.18$\pm$0.84mm at 7 days postpartum, but also in the interplacental sites 14.26$\pm$2.22mm at 1 day, 9.81$\pm$0.7mm at 7 days postpartum. There was a general trend of decreasing uterine diameter, which occurred more rapidly at the placental sites. In conclusion, normal postpartum uterine involution in Cocker spainel bitches appeared to be completed around 68 days postpartum by gross findings such as vaginal discharges, and by ultrasongraphic findings, uterine shape and echogenicity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the response of CIDR-S on estrus synchronization of dairy goats and the effect of artificial insemination on conception rate. Estrus synchronization of sexually matured Saanen goats was induced with insertion of CIDR-S into vagina for 15 days and injection of 500 IU PMSG before removal of CIDR-S. Artificial insemination was conducted using liquid or frozen semen by intra-cervical insemination with synchronized does. Estrus synchronization was 90% using CIDR-S insertion for 15 days. Conception rate of inseminated does was 20% - 25%, while that of natural mated does was 100%. These results suggested that synchronization of dairy goats can be successfully induced and artificial insemination method has to be improved for the practical use in dairy goats.