• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

COVID-19 led to an increased need for mountainous urban parks in the city that can be enjoyed while moving rather than staying put. However, studies on the economic value of mountainous urban parks have been insufficient. As a result, this study investigates the economic value of Gyeyangsan, a mountainous urban park located in the city, by quantifying the value of natural resources provided to residents and analyzing the factors affecting these values. The results are summarized below. First, according to the economic value assessment of Gyeyangsan, the use value was 2,210 won per person or 4.42 billion won per year, and the preservation value was 6,182 won per household, or 129.37 billion won. Gyeyangsan's total assets value was assessed as 3.68 trillion won. Second, according to the estimates of the willingness to pay and the determinants for the use-value, the frequency of visits, age, and use satisfaction significantly impacted the intention to pay for the use-value. Third, according to the estimates of the willingness to pay and the determinants for the preservation value, the intention to revisit, volunteer participation, educational level, gender, and residence significantly influenced the intention to pay for the preservation value. According to the findings of this study, it will be possible to make crucial policy implications when setting a direction for future park management by presenting a practical policy plan for the maintenance of mountain parks in downtown areas and will broaden the scope of research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2002

In this paper we classify the possible threat and introduce the method that measures the loss resulted from the threat in the university. This is the method that the amount of the loss minimized in the case of the same quality in damage as establish a economical prediction model. The method of measuring the loss is as follows. First, asset should be clearly identified and valued. Second, threats which may result in harm to asset should be classified. Third, vulnerabilities which is weaknesses associated with asset should be analyzed. Fourth, measure the value of the loss. we explain the valued method by the example.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.262-276
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• 2012

Transactions activation of intangible assets has become became a key factor for corporate survival and successful business in the knowledge economy. Thus, demand in correctly valuating technology has increased. The market approach is the reliable method because of the premise that the market value of an asset is directly related to the prices of comparable, competitive ones. However, it can be practically impossible in many cases because it is hard to find identical transactions, which are generally closely guarded business secrets. As a result, most of technology valuation is conducted by the income approach and this approach is used to derive estimates for such unobserved variables. In September 2011, the Ministry of Knowledge Economy enacted a law for operational guideline standards for technology valuation to encourage the domestic technology valuation market. The enforcement recommended that the market approach have precedence over other approaches. If this approach cannot be applied, then the valuator should writing that he used other approaches. In practice, it is hard to know whether or not information about comparable transactions exists. The proposed process provides valuators to assess suitability for practical use of market approach through the observation process of technology transactions information. At the same time, it offers them the opportunity to gain validity when using other approaches.

• CRM연구
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.43-68
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• 2010

One of the recent research trends that universities are increasingly adopting the concept of 'customer' and the customer-oriented strategy has urged us to research enterprise-wide CRM strategy adaptable to university administration. As the first step of CRM strategy for university management, we try to validate the difference of CRM strategic factors among university types. Drawing upon both CRM process and customer equity drivers, which have been recognized as core frameworks for CRM strategy, we developed those survey instruments adoptable into university industry, and validated statistically-significant difference among 12 types of university group constructed by the levels of university evaluation and the location of the universities. We collected 261 responses from 177 universities from all over the country and analyzed the data to see the levels of CRM processes consisting of customer acquisition, retention, and expansion, and customer equity drivers consisting of value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity by using multivariate ANOVA(MANOVA). The result confirms the explicit differences of the levels of CRM processes and customer equity drivers between the groups by university evaluation levels(high/middle/low). However, the analysis failed to show the significant differences of those between the group by university locations(the capital/the suburbs/the six megalopolises/other countries). More specifically, the level of activities for customer acquisition and retention of the universities in the higher-graded group are significantly different from those in the lower-graded group from the perspective of CRM process. In terms of customer equity drivers, the levels of both brand equity and relationship equity of the higher-graded group are significantly higher than those of both middle and lower-graded group. In addition, we found that the value equity between the higher and lower-graded groups, and the brand equity between the middle and lower-graded groups are different each other. This study provides an important meaning in that we tried to consider CRM strategy which has been mainly addressed in profit-making industries in terms of non-profit organization context. Our endeavors to develop and validate empirical measurements adoptable to university context could be an academic contribution. In terms of practical meaning, the processes and results of this study might be a guideline to many universities to build their own CRM strategies. According to the research results, those insights could be expressed in several messages. First, we propose to universities that they should plan their own differentiated CRM strategies according to their positions in terms of university evaluation. For example, although it is acceptable that a university in lower-level group might follow the CRM process strategy of the middle-level group universities, it is not a good idea to imitate the customer acquisition and retention activities of the higher-level group universities. Moreover, since this study reported that the level of universities' brand equity is just correlated with the level of university evaluation, it might be pointless for the middle or lower-leveled universities if they just copy their brand equity strategies from those of higher-leveled ones even though such activities are seemingly attractive. Meanwhile, the difference of CRM strategy by university position might provide universities with the direction where they should go for their CRM strategies. For instance, our study implies that the lower-positioned universities should improve all of the customer equity drivers with concerted efforts because their value, brand, and relationship equities are inferior compared with the higher and middle-positioned universities' ones. This also means that they should focus on customer acquisition and expansion initiatives rather than those for customer retention because all of the customer equity drivers could be influenced by the two kinds of CRM processes (KIm and Lee, 2010). Surely specific and detailed action plans for enhancing customer equity drivers should be developed after grasping their customer migration patterns illustrated by the rates of acquisition, retention, upgrade, downgrade, and defection for each customer segment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.772-775
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• 2008

According to Korean Ministry of Land, Transportation and Maritime Affairs, total national SOC(Social Overhead Capital) stock comes up to 500 billion dollars. Until now, although the construction of SOC is more important than the maintenance of them in Korea, it is necessary to introduce of valuation based total asset management concept in nowadays. In this paper describes problems of exsiting data collection method, needs of Information Technology and introduction of RFID/USN(Radio Frequency IDentification/Ubiquitous Sensor Network) in data collection stage.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

This study focus on a economic value of the Big Data technologies by real options model using big data technology company's stock price to determine the price of the economic value of incremental assessed value. For estimating stochastic process of company's stock price by big data technology to extract the incremental shares, Generalized Moments Method (GMM) are used. Option value for Black-Scholes partial differential equation was derived, in which finite difference numerical methods to obtain the Big Data technology was introduced to estimate the economic value. As a result, a option value of big data technology investment is 38.5 billion under assumption which investment cost is 50 million won and time value is a about 1 million, respectively. Thus, introduction of big data technology to create a substantial effect on corporate profits, is valuable and there are an effects on the additional time value. Sensitivity analysis of lower underlying asset value appear decreased options value and the lower investment cost showed increased options value. A volatility are not sensitive on the option value due to the big data technological characteristics which are low stock volatility and introduction periods.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

효율성은 산출물의 가치와 그 산출물을 창출해 내기 위해 생산과정에서 소비한 투입물 가치의 비율로 나타낸다 투입물이나 산출물의 시장가격이 존재하는 경우 이 값을 가중치로 이용하여 산출물과 투입물의 가치를 계산할 수 있다. 그러나 투입물과 산출물의 종류가 다양한 경우에는 투입물의 가치를 적절히 평가하기가 쉽지 않다. Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA)모형은 효율성을 여러 가지 투입물의 가중평균에 대한 여러 가지 산출요소의 가중평균의 비율로 표시하며, 특정 의사결정단위의 효율성 정도는 유사한 투입 산출구조를 가지는 준거집단과 비교하여 상대적으로 측정하고자 하는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 DEA모형의 구조와 이론적 근거, 그리고 적용상의 장단점에 대해 알아 본 뒤 국내 일선우체국의 운영자료를 토대로 하여 공공적인 성격을 띠는 기관의 운영효율성 측정에의 적용사례를 제시하였다. 투입자료로는 '98년 우정사업자료를 중심으로 공통영업비, 우편영업비, 금융영업비, 직원수, 관할가구수, 관할면적, 고정자산 등 7개 변수와 우편영업수익, 금융영업수익, 보험수지차, 배달 및 중계 우편물량, 현금출납 취급건수, 연평잔실적의 6개 변수를 각각 투입물과 산출물 변수로 설정하여 모형을 구축하였다. 분석대상으로 삼은 64개 우체국 전체의 효율성 평균은 82.14%으로 나타났으며 DEA모형의 효율성결과와 기존에 이미 발표된 정보통신부 평가결과와의 상관관계는 0.46291로 강하지는 않지만 두 변수간에는 정(正)의 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2022

도시화와 산업화, 그리고 인구 증가 등은 우리사회에 기후변화라는 재앙으로 다가오고 있다. 그리고 이러한 기후변화는 기업에 영향을 미치어 경영환경의 불확실성을 높이고 있다. 즉, 기후변화는 기업이 경영함에 있어 물 공급의 부족 등과 같은 물리적 리스크를 제공하는가 하면 요구 기술의 변화, 시장의 변화 등 전환 리스크(transition risk)로 작용하여 기존 제품 및 서비스의 생존을 어렵게 하는가 하면 기업의 자산 가치에 변화를 주고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기후변화로 인한 시장환경 변화에 글로벌 기업들이 어떻게 대응하고 있는가를 검토·시사점을 제시하였다. 기후변화가 기업에 미치는 영향은 단순히 위기로만 다가오지 않는다. 기후변화는 기업에게 물부족 등의 물리적 위험과 사회적 규제, 새로운 기술 수요 등 리스크로써 영향을 미치는 한편 탄소 시장 형성 등의 기회로도 작용하고 있다. 이에 글로벌 기업들은 위기이자 기회인 환경의 변화에 대응하여 'ESG 성과 측정'을 도입, 대응하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 사례로는 투자기관인 골드만삭스에서 기후변화 대응을 정부규제, 이해관계자, 경쟁환경 변화 등 3가지 관점에서 대응하는가 하면 독일계 화학회사인 BASF는 기업의 사회적 가치를 ESG 요소의 관점에서 평가하여 매년 발표하고 있다. 한편 국내 기업으로는 SK그룹이 대표적인데, 동사는 사회적 가치 평가 결과를 임직원 핵심성과지표(KPI)에 반영함으로써 경영현장에서도 사회적 가치를 고려하도록 시스템화하고 있다.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.41-47
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• 2023

Financial instruments valuation continues to evolve due to various technological changes. Recently, there has been increased interest in valuation using machine learning and artificial intelligence, enabling the financial market to swiftly adapt to changes. This technological advancement caters to the demand for real-time data processing and facilitates accurate and effective valuation, considering the diverse nature of the financial market. Numerical analysis techniques serve as crucial decision-making tools among financial institutions and investors, acknowledged as essential for performance prediction and risk management in investments. This paper analyzes Korean patent trends of numerical analysis-based financial systems, considering the diverse shifts in the financial market and asset data to provide accurate predictions. This study could shed light on the advancement of financial technology and serves as a gauge for technological standards within the financial market.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the role of capitalized intangibles such as patents, copy rights and R&D and non-capitalized intangibles such as advertising expenses and labor-related expenses, which are considered to be important to generating future excess profits, on the valuation of IPO shares. This study examines 125 firms which went public during 1992 - 1998. The result suggests that advertising expenses do not have significant influence on the offer price and the market price of IPO shares. On the other hand, R&D and labor-related expenses play important role in determining the offer price and the market price of IPO shares. In case of capitalized intangible assets, they we important factors in determining the market price but not the of for price. This study suspects that the Securities and Exchange Law of the Korean Securities Exchange Commission potentially contribute to the result of no effect of capitalized intangibles (except R&D) on the offer price by underwriters. According to the Law, any intangible assets which are considered to be irrelevant to the valuation of IPO shares must be exclued. This is very ambiguous and potentially cause underwriters to exclude any intangibles difficult to measure their value. However the market considers capitalized intangibles to be important, as suggested by the result of this study. To reduce this valuation asymmetry, it is important to reveal detailed information regarding the valuation of assets, in particular, intangible assets to the public.