• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.843-849
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• 1999

The prevalence of nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis(NSIP) in HIV-positive patients with pulmonary disease has varied from 11 to 38%. But NSIP in HIV-positive patients is indistinguishable from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) clinically and radiologically. The number of HIV-positive patients is less in Korea than in western developed countries, so little attention has been paid to the differential diagnosis between NSIP and PCP. We report a case of NSIP in HIV-positive, 61-year-old man which mimicked PCP. He presented with cough, sputum and mild exertional dyspnea. Lung sound was clear. But, chest X-ray and HRCT demonstrated diffuse patch and bilateral ground-glass opacities in central and perihilar area of both lung. Microbial pathogens were not found on sputum, BAL fluid and tissues taken by TBLB. In transbronchial lung biopsy specimen, interstitial infiltrates with lymphocytes were distributed on peribronchiolar regions. A pathologic diagnosis of NSIP was suggested, he received symptomatic treatment. The follow-up chest X-ray showed near complete resolution.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2004

Background : A tracheobronchial obstruction in lung cancer is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, and recurrent respiratory infection. It is well known that one of standard treatments is photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tracheobronchial obstruction after radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery. We reported here the role of PDT in airway obstruction in patients advanced lung cancer. Method : Pre-treatment protocol consisted of clinical, radiologic, and bronchoscopic examination, pulmonary function test, and assessment of Karnofsky performance status. A 2 mg/kg of porfimer sodium was injected intravenously, and then followed by cylindrical and/or interstitial irradiation with 630 nm of laser after 48 hours. The repeated bronchoscopy for debridement of necrotic tissue and re-illumination was performed after 48 hours. Result : Improved airway obstruction and selective tumor necrosis were achieved by photodynamic therapy in all cases. Dyspnea and performance status were improved in three cases. A purulent sputum, fever and hemoptysis were improved in one of five cases. After PDT, all patients showed temporarily aggravation of dyspnea, two of five showed febrile reaction for a few days and nobody presented photosensitivity reaction, hemoptysis and respiratory failure. Conclusion : Our experiences of PDT are effective in palliation of inoperable advanced lung cancer in terms of tracheobronchial obstruction.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.374-380
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• 2004

Although exophytic endobronchial lesions can readily be diagnosed by routine forceps biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope, submucosal or peribronchial tumor can be difficult to diagnose. So we evaluated the diagnostic utility of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) through the fiberoptic bronchoscope in patients presenting with endoscopic abnormalities suggestive of submucosal or peribronchial tumor. Patients and Methods : Retrospective review of 120 lung cancer patients who were found to have the lesions suggestive of peribronchial and submucosal tumor during fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 2002 at Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Results : Forcep biopsy was positive in 63 cases (52.5%) and TBNA in 91 (75.8%), which was significantly better than forcep biopsy (p=0.001). The combination of forceps biopsy and TBNA was positive in 106 cases (88.3%), which was significantly better than forceps biopsy alone (p=0.0001). The difference of TBNA yield according to cell type or bronchoscopic appearance of lesion was not significant, but it showed the relatively better result in small cell carcinoma. Conclusions : We concluded that TBNA significantly increase the yield over forcep biopsy alone in the detection of submucosal or peribronchial bronchogenic carcinoma.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.477-482
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• 2007

Forest biomass became a topic because we have growing interest in global environmental issues and environment-friendly energy resources. This study was carried out to estimate the forest biomass and develop a program for biomass information management in Korea. The total forest biomass (million ton) were 521 for gross forest, 403 for productive forest and 201 for commercial forest in 2005. Also, the annual biomass production in forest was 20 million ton which was equivalent to 94,290 Gkcal of heating value and about 9 billion won of paraffin oil. The biomass growing rate (every 10year) increased from 4.95% in 1985 to 5.30% in 1995 but turn down 4.46% in 2005. The factors that the forest stock could be converted to the forest biomass have developed according to forest type. Therefore, it is impossible to estimate the exact biomass by tree species. In this reason, the demands of the development of the factors by tree species was raised. In addition, it is on time to develop an equation for estimation of biomass by species using dbh and height as independent factors.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2000

Osteosarcoma is a primary malignant tumor arising most often in the long bone, but rare in jaw bone. Especially osteogenic sarcoma of the mandible is a rare tumor, comprising less than 0.5% of all head and neck tumors. Osteosarcoma occurs chiefly in young persons, and presenting very survival rates. Histopathologically this tumor can be classified three types, osteoblastic, fibroblastic, chondroblastic and classified from low grade to high grade by anaplasia or mitosis of the tumor cells. Sometimes, the exact diagnosis of osteosarcoma is difficult especially in low grade osteosarcoma, even if clinical or radiographical findings suggest to osteosarcoma. So suspcious to malignant bone tumor in clinical or radiological findings, biopsy should be taked from deep portion and multiple area, and sharing the patient history and radiographs with pathologist will assist in the development of the diagnosis. We report a case of low grade osteosarcoma on the mandible initially difficulty in accurate diagnosis. The patient visited our hospital for routine dental treatment but radiographic findings displayed ill-defined radiolucency with osteoid formation on the mandible. Final diagnosis was difficulty in initial biopsy but subsequent biopsy taked from deep portion presented infiltrative growth and mitosis of the tumor cell in some area with small osteoid bone formation, so we could reach final diagnosis as low grade sarcoma. We treated this patient with bloc resection of the mandible and immediate reconstruction with iliac corticocancellous block.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2010

The aim of this study were to elucidate effects of fluoridated bleaching agents and post-treatment fluoride application on the color and microhardness of enamel surface. Twenty freshly extracted human adult molar were each sectioned into halves, the specimens divided and treated according to four experimental groups: 1, untreated controls: 2, treatment with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching agent; 3, treatment with 10% CP containing 0.11% fluoride; 4, treatment with 10% CP followed by a 0.9% sodium fluoride gel application. Group 2-4 were compared with the baseline data. treated 8 h per day for 14 days then immersed in distilled water for 2 weeks. Changes in enamel color and microhardness were evaluated on Days 7 and 14. All the bleached enamel specimens revealed increased whiteness and overall color value. Groups 2 and 4 showed significantly decreased enamel microhardness compared to their baseline. The specimens treated with fluoridated bleaching agents showed relatively less reduction in enamel microhardness than those treated with nonfluoridated agents during the bleaching treatment. The addition of fluoride did not impede the tooth whitening. The fluoridated bleaching agents reduced the microhardness loss of enamel.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.613-620
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• 2013

This study was conducted to measure and analyze the changes in paraspinal muscles of acute and chronic low back pain patients using MRI, and to provide clinical basic data for diagnosis and treatment for low back pain. For this purpose, 20 patients with acute low back pain frome August 2012 to January 2013 which occurred within 12 weeks, and 20 patients with chronic low back pain that progressed over 12 weeks, were chosen as subjects, and their MRI measurements were compared with one another. As a result, in relation to in the fatty degeneration ratio of the left spine and right spine, there were significant differences in erector spinae and multifidus(p<.001), and in relation to the Fat Infiltration ratio between all the groups, there were significant differences in psoas major, erector spinae and multifidus between the acute low back pain patient group and the chronic low back pain patient group(p<.001). In the post-hoc test, multifidus and erector spinae in the acute low back pain group and chronic low back pain group showed the highest Fat Infiltration ratio. The serious Fat Infiltration of multifidus and erector spinae in the chronic low back pain group led to weakened strength of muscles that stabilize the spine. In conclusion, it is considered that this study would present important data and basis in making acute and chronic low back pain patients pay more attention to multifidus and psoas major during rehabilitation exercise, and selecting a rehabilitation exercise program.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.98-106
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• 1991

Apgar score is most widely used evaluating indicator of newborn health, but it is very Subjective. Umbilical cord blood gas analysis is more objective and effective than Apgar score in evaluation of newborn status. Cord blood gas was changed slightly by processing of time after fetal birth. This study was undertaken to observe objectiveness and effectiveness of umbilical arterial blood gas analysis and effects of time interval of cord clamping to newborn health with 122 pregnant women and their babies. We observed following results : 1. There were poor correlation between Apgar score and umbilical cord arterial blood analysis in evaluating of newborn health (P>0.05). 2. There was no clinical significance of Apgar score or umbilical arterial blood gas analysis as single indicator in evaluating of newborn health (P>0.05). 3. Gas analysis and pH of umbilical arterial blood was more helpful in evaluating of newborn health than Apgasr score. 4. There were no significant effects of time interval of umbilical cord clamping to newborn health. 5. If there were no indications of early umbilical cord clamping, cord blood sampling at immediately after birth without cord clamping was more effective to evaluate newborn status.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.42-52
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• 1991

Two types of urine dipstick assays, Multistix-SG and Combur-9-test RL, were compared for compatibility, accuracy, specificity and predictive values of a positive and negative test in 501 patients urine and artificially prepared specimen. We found that the results of semiquantitative tests of Multistix-SG and Combur-9-Test RL performed were statistically similar in patients specimen. The urinary leukocyte estrase tests of Combur-9-Test RL assays compared with urine sediment microscopy in regard to compatibility, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a positive and negative test 83.7%, 48.1%, 90.3%, 47.4% and 90.1%, respectively. The urinar nitrite tests of Comber-9-Test RL assays compared with urine culture tests, in regard to compatibility, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a positive and negative tests were 90.3%, 19.4%, 84.7%, 53.8% and 94.1%, respectively. For the urinary protein, the sulfosalicylic acid method was the most sensitive test for any kinds of protein, and Multistix-SG appeared more sensitive than Compur-9-Test RL for the albuminuria. For the urinary bilirubin and glusose, two dipstick assays were similar in their diganostic efficiency. Finally in the urinary occult blood tests, Combur-9-Test RL assays was more sensitive than Multistix-SG.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1977.06a
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• pp.9.1-10
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• 1977

Many etiological factors playa significant role in the development of tracheal stenosis; too high tracheostomy (Jackson, 1921), too small stoma (Greisen, 1966), the treatment with respirator using cuffed tube (Pearson et al., 1968; Lindholm, 1966; Bryce, 1972) and infection (Pearson, 1968). Although the incidence has been reduced due to development of surgical technique and antibiotics, the frequency of tracheal stenosis which produces symptoms after tracheostomy ranges from 1.5 per cent (Lindholm, 1967). In the management of the stenosis, mild cases are treated by mechanical dilatation with silicon tube or stent (Schmigelow, 1929; Montgomery, 1965) combined steroid (Birck, 1970), and in the cases of stenosis causes, these removed under the are bronchoscopy. But in severe stenosis, transverse resection with subsequent end-to-end anastomosis has been used in recent years (Pearson et al., 1968). During about 10 years, 1967 to 1977, a total of 23 patients with tracheal stenosis complicated among the 1, 514 tracheostomies have been treated in Severance Hospital. Now, we have obtained following conclusions by means of clinical analysis of 23 cases of tracheal stenosis. 1. The frequency of tracheal stenosis was 23 cases among 1, 514 cases of tracheostomy (1.5%). 2. Under the age of 5, these are 12 cases (52.2 %). 3. The sex incidence was comprised of 18 males and 5 females. 4. The duration of tracheostomy ranges from 4 days to 16 months. 5. The primary diseases requiring tracheostomy were following; central nerve system lesions 11 cases, upper air way obstruction 10 cases, extrinsic respiratory failure 2 cases. 6. Severe wound infections were only 2 cases. 7. The methods of treatment applied to tracheal stenosis were following; closed observation only 5 cases, nasotracheal intubation combined steroid 5 cases, T-tube stent combined steroid 3 cases, fenestration op. 4 cases, revision 4 cases and transverse resection and end-to-end anastomosis 2 cases.