• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.380-380
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 일반 상호보완이론(Generalized Complementary Relationship, GCR)을 활용하여 실제증발산량을 추정하고, 추정한 실제증발산량기반 가뭄지수로부터 미국 전역에 대한 가뭄을 해석하는 것이다. 월강수량, 최고 최저기온, 이슬점온도 등의 필요한 기상자료는 Parameter-elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model(PRISM)으로부터 수집하였으며, 1981년부터 2015년까지 총 35년의 미국 전역에 대한 실제증발산량을 추정하였다. 대상지역의 유역평균 강수량과 유출량의 차(P-Q)와 North American Land Data Assimilation System(NLDAS-2) Noah 지표모형(Land surface models)으로 산정한 실제증발산량과 비교 검증하였다. GCR로부터 증발산 부족량(ET Deficit, ETD)을 산정하고 이를 표준정규화하여 미국 전역에 대해 Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index(SEDI)를 산정하였다. 본 연구로부터 GCR 기반 실제증발산량은 P-Q의 값과 상관계수가 0.94로 매우 높은 상관성을 보였으며, NLDAS-2 Noah모형의 실제증발산량보다 다소 크게 추정하는 경향을 보였다. SEDI와 Standard Precipitation Index(SPI)의 상관성은 지속시간이 클수록 더 크게 나타났다. 증발산 상호보완이론활용 실제증발산기반 SEDI이 강수자료를 사용하지 않고서도 적절한 가뭄해석에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.325-335
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• 2019

To characterize historical droughts in the conterminous United States (CONUS), we estimated the actual evapotranspiration ($ET_a$) in the CONUS using the generalized complementary relationship (GCR) for 1895-2016. The $ET_a$ estimates were compared against simulations from the Noah land surface model (LSM). In this study, the evapotranspiration (ET) deficit defined as the difference between the wet-environment ET ($ET_w$) and $ET_a$ was then normalized to calculate the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index (SEDI) across the CONUS for the years 1895-2016. The SEDI was compared to the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) at various time scales. The results showed that the GCR $ET_a$ was slightly higher than the Noah LSM-simualted $ET_a$. As time scales increased, the correlation between the SEDI and the SPI was higher. This study suggests that the GCR has promise as a tool in the estimation of $ET_a$ and SEDI can be useful for the drought characterization.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.58
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• pp.178-200
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• 2012

This paper seeks to deal with the point that in order to perform meaningful communication, a conscious act of reflexion must be involved. In other words, performance of communication inevitably requires self-reflexion. It is known that rationality and dialogism function as necessary preconditions and as goals of communication. But these concepts are very ambiguous because the communicational paradox is not considered. The interaction model could be thought to solve the paradox problems, but such solution can ultimately be seen as a result of ignoring the point that personal reflexion is necessary or covering up the logical problem by depending on concepts such as 'legitimation' or 'ideal discourse situation.' Therefore this paper views that the theory of communication based on Luhmann's system theory and constructivism has a more meticulous logics, and considers that the concept of reflexion specifically supplements the interaction model also by examining Schmidt's concept of fiction and Grant's concept of porous communication.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2000

The paper has analyzed and summarized about the theoretical problem occurred in the CAQC, and has developed the learning model focused on the histogram as a case study. The range of study is to systematize the basic method of histogram generally used, and to make step by step procedures under the interactive relation with the improvement of the theory that must be added in case of the calculation by the aided of MS-Excel software. A histogram is the theory to understand the population distribution from which samples are extracted, so alternative methods are presented to estimate the population shape through an experiment and a practice. In order to enlarge the application area of the histogram in the factory, the theory of normal test, the criteria of process capability index and the probability calculation of PPM are added to the histogram. The learning model of CAQC education is proposed that is consistent with the target of histogram to control and search the cause of item defectives fast and correctly.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.54
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• pp.249-287
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• 2017

This study discusses the theoretical analysis of the concept of social memory and participatory digital archives, and argues the various problems of participatory digital archives based on the analysis of individual experiences and perceptions through interviews with stakeholders including users and operators. As a theoretical study, it analyzes related precedent studies and explores the complementary concepts of social memory and participatory digital archives. Based on the discussion, the study understands social memory as a defined and generated memory through the interaction of the social environment encompassing politics, socio-culture and the internal relations of the community. Furthermore, it understands the participatory digital archive as a digital space in which the community, the voluntary participation of users, and the support of professional groups intertwine. The memories and records of this interaction are then stored, preserved, shared, spread, and reproduced. Through stakeholder interviews, the study analyzes the perceptions of users and operators regarding participation, policy, and service, and identified the various problems with participatory digital archives.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.781-806
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to examine the change in the beliefs of regular classroom teachers after participating in a gifted education lectures and practicum as well as the effectiveness of the lectures and practicum. Each teacher was asked to complete a pre-/ a mid-/ and post-journal, detailing their expected characteristics and then describing what occurred and how their initial expectations were altered. The teachers mentioned high thinking skills, creativity, fast problem solving skills, and a lack of communication skills as intellectual characteristics of gifted students and high motivation and task commitment as social characteristics. They mentioned the characteristics in textbooks on pre- and mid-journals, but presented their observations in post-journals such as lack of communication skills, competitive spirit, and frustrations. The study found that teachers broadened their view of giftedness, recognized the need to adapt instructions for gifted students, realized the necessity of knowing the students to differentiate instruction patterns, and emphasized teaching-learning strategies for the gifted. These results contribute to the promise of having regular classroom teachers engage in a field experience with gifted students to supplement discussions about gifted education lectures.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2007

The current study analyzed the relationship between expression type of humor ads and their advertising effects and the differences in advertising effects by expression type according to temperament as categorized by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Expression type of humor was classified into arousal-, incongruity-, and superiority-type humor ads. Advertising effects were measured by consumers' cognitive, affective, and conative responses. Three ads were created based on expression type of humor. A personality type, as measured by the MBTI, was categorized into four types of temperament, namely SP, SJ, NF, NT and used as moderating variables. As a result, the advertising effects varied according to the expression type of humor advertising. Interaction effects between ad expression type and temperament on ad feeling and ad preference were also found.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.62-68
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• 1995

------Recently. as the level of common consumer thoughts of design has been highly developed. and the design oriented attitude of consumers. and it's research of behavior. are studied widely in business administration field. Accordingly the study of design has been endeavor to be studied bilaterlly by with related study like marketing as to secure the co-operative results and or conclusions which explain the consumer behaviors of product purchasing. This study is one of the conceptional trials steps which get in touch of design cognizance theoretically in design field. Main cotents are. A) The design oriented multi-attribute attitude factors regarding to consumer decision making. B) The design factors which give influences on purchasing products. C) The particularity of design factors is to be make on design cognizance. For these purpose, this study. above all. tries to survey the circumstance of design cognizance and the processing system of organizing design information. Finally "The product design cognizance system on consumers is represented hereinafter.fter.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.95-104
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to estimate the determinants of product design and analyze the impacts of product design on quality competitiveness, product reliability, and consumer satisfaction in an attempt to provide a foundation for the theory of design management. For this empirical analysis, this study has derived the relevant measurement variables from a survey on 400 Korean manufacturing firms during the period of $August{\sim}October$ 2003. The empirical findings are summarized as follows: First, the determinants of product design are very significantly (at p<0.001) estimated to be the R&D capability, the level of R&D expenditure, the level of innovative activities(5S, TQM, 6Sigma, QC, etc.). This empirical result can support Pawar and Driva(1999)'s two principles by which the performance of product design and product development can be simultaneously evaluated in the context of CE(concurrent engineering) of NPD(newly product development) activities. Second, the hypothesis on the causality: product design${\rightarrow}$quality competitiveness${\rightarrow}$customer satisfaction${\rightarrow}$customer loyalty is very significantly (at p<0.001) accepted. This implies that product design positively affects consumer satisfaction, not directly but indirectly, by influencing quality competitiveness. This empirical result of this study can also support the studies of for example Flynn et al.(1994), Ahire et at.(1996), Afire and Dreyfus(2000) which conclude that design management is a significant determinant of product quality. The aforementioned empirical results are important in the following sense: the empirical result that quality competitiveness plays a bridging role between product design and consumer satisfaction can reconcile the traditional debate between QFD(quality function development) approach asserted by product developers and conjoint analysis maintained by marketers. The first empirical result is related to QFD approach whereas the second empirical result is related to conjoint analysis. At the same time, the empirical results of this study can support the rationale of design integration(DI) of Ettlie(1997), i.e., the coordination of the timing and substance of product development activities performed by the various disciplines and organizational functions of a product's life cycle. Finally, the policy implication (at the corporate level) from the empirical results is that successful design management(DM) requires not only the support of top management but also the removal of communication barriers, (i.e. the adoption of cross-functional teams) so that concurrent engineering(CE), the simultaneous development of product and process designs can assure product development speed, design quality, and market success.

• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.129-153
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• 2010

The guiding research question of this paper is to discover 'why the UK could not develop a general structure in which transnational corporations were born during the end of the 19th ~ beginning of the 20th century like other countries'. In response to this question, although acknowledging its imperfections, the author would like to explore the causality in the context of 'Social Construction' which is reflected in the attributes of British society. As such, researchers are strongly recommended to take into account the actors' interests and the increased value effect of events which is driven by control power. This paper concludes that: firstly, not only was contempt for industrial capitalism prevalent in British society, the British government was unable to recognize the necessity of promoting policies for the development of transnational corporation. In addition, the increase in the clout of commercial-financial capitalists in the city of London along with the expansion of gentlemanly elites interfered with the transnationality of British companies. Secondly, the foundation of the political and economic structures in the UK experienced continuity and challenge simultaneously. Since the 1850's, the British social structure has been progressively characterized by the strengthening power of the commercial-financial elites in London, which resulted not in the transnationality of manufacturing but that of financial services. Finally, the configuration of the social network driven by the British elites consists of the actors' interests and control power in association with severance and connection. Unlike the complementarity of interests, in the initial stage, intended connection based on voluntary motivation between gentries and commercial-financial elites occurred in terms of control power. However, ultimately, the holding of power was transferred to the commercial-financial elites excluding the industrial capitalists and resulted in the reconfiguration of the social network.