• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.49-60
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• 2015

Open-water sediment disposal has many applications in costal construction. Dumping of sediment in open water can be divided into descending stage under water and sedimentation stage on the seabed, and retained rate is evaluated from analyzed results of these two successive stages. Descending particle cloud have two distinct thermal and swam phase, and trajectory equations for each phase are derived to describe settling velocity and radius of particle cloud. For sedimentation stage, a numerical simulator is used to calculate growth factors for particle fiction angle and current velocity. Retained rate is defined as a mass rate of remained sediment inside the circle which has a center at dumping point on the sea level and user-defined effective radius. Retained rate map for Singapore coast is presented with water depth of 20 m, current velocity of 0.0~1.5 m/s, and effective radius of 5 m. It will decrease sediment mass loss during disposal operation and minimize surrounding environmental pollution.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.509-521
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• 2016

A novel Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm combined with Extreme Learning Machine (SBGA-ELM) for Parkinson's Disease diagnosis and detecting bio-markers is presented in this paper. Proposed approach uses genes' expression data of 22,283 genes from open source ParkDB data base for accurate PD diagnosis and detecting bio-markers. Proposed SBGA-ELM includes two major steps: feature (genes) selection and classification. Feature selection procedure is based on proposed Samples Balanced Genetic Algorithm designed specifically for genes expression data from ParkDB. Proposed SBGA searches a robust subset of genes among 22,283 genes available in ParkDB for further analysis. In the "classification" step chosen set of genes is used to train an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) classifier for an accurate PD diagnosis. Discovered robust subset of genes creates ELM classifier with stable generalization performance for PD diagnosis. In this research the robust subset of genes is also used to discover 24 bio-markers probably responsible for Parkinson's Disease. Discovered robust subset of genes was verified by using existing PD diagnosis approaches such as SVM and PBL-McRBFN. Both tested methods caused maximum generalization performance.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.947-956
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• 2015

In the knowledge and information age, to discover and protect Intellectual Properties would be very important for their economic value as a major growth engine. This study evaluated the reliability of a Delphi survey conducted by experts to assess the value of agricultural resources knowledge obtained from literature reviews and field interviews. Delphi method is collecting the opinions of experts for several rounds repeatedly, in the next round the experts have chance to modify their opinion. Scores between two rounds are highly correlated and standard deviations are declined for second round to imply that some correction of their evaluations are made. To check reliability of Delphi survey of two rounds Cronbach's reliability coefficient and Generalizability coefficient are derived. The Cronbach alpha's supported the reliability of the method, but the Generalizability analysis revealed some unexpected results while checking the variance components of sources of measurement errors. Despite the increased reliability coefficients, the deviations between the raters are increased which means that additional rounds are required to get consensus, the goal of Delphi research.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.472-482
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined the dietary behavior and the effects of nutrition education according to the stages of behavioral changes in sodium reduction of healthy male adults (20~69 years) in Gwangju Chonnam Regions. Methods: The research subjects were 200 male adults. Results: A significantly higher mean age was observed in the stage of Action Maintenance (A M) than in the stage of Precontemplation (PC) and stage of Contemplation Preparation (C P). Significant differences in the frequency of exercise, eating out, and preference for salty food, intake frequency of Udon, Ramen and Sundae according to the stages of behavior change in sodium reduction were observed. The dietary behavior scores and intake frequency-related dietary behavior scores of A M were significantly higher than PC and C P. Nutrition education for sodium reduction improved the dietary behavior score significantly in PC and C P, as well as the rate of correct answers of sodium-related nutrition knowledge in all stages. After the nutrition education, PC decreased greatly, and A M increased. Conclusion: Subjects in PC and C P had an undesirable propensity in dietary behavior, and nutrition knowledge compared to A M, but the nutrition education for sodium reduction greatly improved their dietary behavior and nutrition knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.502-518
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• 2015

In order to find out Elementary pre-service teachers' reflective thinking and experiment performance ability related with Photosynthesis Experiment in the Korea Elementary School Science Textbook, the research is conducted targeting Elementary pre-service teachers. They are asked to carry out the experiment and write their own report about the difficulties and solutions of exploration process. This study aims to analyze Elementary pre-service teachers' reflection and experiment performance ability on Photosynthesis experiment based on 10 groups' reports and presentation materials. Reflective thinking extracts 108 statements which is associated with the four types of the sentence 'Knowledge, Procedure, Orientation, Attitude' in 10 reports. There are many sentences about reflective thinking acquired through analysis of the photosynthesis experiment. reflective thinking about the newly discovered type or changed concepts through experimentation in Knowledge is at the highest frequency. 56 sentences in relation to the ability to perform experiments are extracted by adding 4 different types of reflective thinking in 10 groups shown the highest frequency group and the lowest frequency group's report through analyzing 4 steps 'Experimental preparation and safety accident prevention', 'Experiments performance', 'Experimental results and generalization', and 'Experimental results and feedback.' Results of the analysis showed that there are the biggest difference between the two groups in 'experiment results supplement and feedback step.' In the lowest group's report, there's no contents related with 'Computer-assisted information processing' in the 'Experimental results summary and generalization stage', 'Alternative reagents and materials research', and 'Devising alternative experiment methods'.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 2017

The purpose of this research is to set a standard for deciding competitive marketing prices of new supplying apartment houses and to analyze decision factors in sale price of supplying apartment houses with Analytic Hierarchy Process; the resulted model does not use the method that joins the land cost and the cost of construction together, but the method that compares the sales prices of surrounding apartments. This research tries to set a standard for decision of the prices of newly supplying apartment houses by classifying the determinants into the $1^{st}$ step(4 factors), the $2^{nd}$ step(9 factors), and the $3^{rd}$ step(25 factors). According to the process, the relative importance of decision factors in the sale prices is determined and this should be used as the index of sale prices for newly supplying apartment houses when the houses are provided. In addition, through the $2^{nd}$ step including 9 factors, the comparative model for sale prices is defined and the model is presented to be applied in the real business. Subsequent study additionally considering the factors apart from marketing which tries to find a generalized standard needs to be conducted.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2003

Since the data is collected from disparate sources in many actual data mining environments, it is common to have data values in different abstraction levels. This paper shows that such multiple abstraction levels of data can cause undesirable effects in decision tree classification. After explaining that equalizing abstraction levels by force cannot provide satisfactory solutions of this problem, it presents a method to utilize the data as it is. The proposed method accommodates the generalization/specialization relationship between data values in both of the construction and the class assignment phase of decision tree classification. The experimental results show that the proposed method reduces classification error rates significantly when multiple abstraction levels of data are involved.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-275
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• 2023

In this study, we designed and implemented a instruction emphasizing mathematical argument for fifth-grade students and analyzed the teaching practices. Through a literature review related to instruction emphasizing mathematical argument, we organized a teaching model of five phases that explain why the general claim that the sum of consecutive odd numbers equals a square number is true: 1) noticing patterns, 2) articulating conjectures, 3) representing through visual model, 4) arguing based on representation, 5) comparing and contrasting. Then, we analyzed the argumentation stream by phases to observe how the instruction emphasizing mathematical argument is implemented in the elementary classroom. Based on the results of this study, we discuss the implications of teaching a mathematical argument in elementary school.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.23-34
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• 2014

Though a dozen of different software life cycle models are suggested, there is no universal model which can satisfy all the characteristics of software. Organizations mix and match different life cycle models to develop a model more tailored for their systems and capabilities. We suggest overlapped-concurrent development life cycle model that is more suitable in various software development environment. Firstly, we divided the development process into abstract and implementation stage. Abstract stage is from software concept phase to detailed design starting time, and implementation stage is from detailed design phase to system testing phase. Next, the abstract stage introduced the overlapped phase concept that begins the next phase when the step is completed 20% by applying pareto's law. In the implementation stage, we introduced the concurrent development which the several phases are performed some time as when one use-case (UC) is completed the next development phase is started immediately. The proposed model has an advantage that it can reduce the inefficiency of development resource greatly. This model can increase the customer satisfaction with a great product at a low cost and on a short schedule. Also, this model can contribute to increase the software development success rate.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.17
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• pp.17-29
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• 2003

수학이 일상생활에서 나날이 더욱 중요하게 변하고 있는 이런 시점에서 또 산업이나 새로 떠오르는 신기술에서 수학의 응용이 더욱 밀접하여지는 이러한 때에 수학을 공부하겠다는 학생의 숫자가 점점 줄어들고, 전체 학생들의 수학에 관한 관심도 낮아지는 징후가 있다. 학생들에게 수학은 미래 사회에서 근간을 이루고 있음을 보여줌으로써 수학에 대한 열광이 일어나게끔 새로운 접근을 시도하도록 교사들에게 용기를 북돋아 주어야 한다. 이러한 목표를 성취하기 위해서는 교사의 지식을 새롭게 하고, 교육 기술을 현대화할 수 있는 기회가 가능하도록 만들어야 한다. 이 글에서는 현실 세계 속에 있는 수학에 중점을 두고, 이를 스스로 학습이라든지 의사소통과 같은 좀 더 일반화된 교육 기술을 발전시키는 데 쓰도록 강조한다. 여기서 의사소통 이라든가 스스로 학습은 직업 현장에서 뿐만 아니라 고등 교육에 진학하는 준비 단계에서도 매우 중요한 부분이기도 하고 매우 요긴하다.