• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.111-126
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• 2016

As the marketing value of Facebook advertisements increases, companies seek to create successful Facebook advertisements in order to promote their brands or products. This research aims to identify Facebook advertising factors that influence users' eye movements and attention, and thereby to investigate effective visual elements of Facebook advertising contents. Firstly, we identified two contributing factors influencing users' responses to Facebook advertisements: the formats of advertising contents(Text, Text in Image, and Movie) and the product properties(Involvement, Think/Feel). Based on theoretical reviews, eye tracking tests and surveys were conducted in order to examine how these two factors affect users' responses on Facebook, i.e. visual perception and users' purchasing responses. It was found that there were distinctive patterns of users' visual perceptions and purchasing behavioral responses according to the formats of the advertised contents. Meanwhile, the advertised products' properties influenced only the users' purchasing responses. Finally, the key findings of this research offer helpful guidelines for providers and developers to create effective SNS advertisements.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.3_4
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• pp.45-55
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine whether conceptual representational system was implicitly accessed while processing semantically similar but perceptually dissimilar pictures either conceptually or perceptually, The results indicated that the priming effects for the semantically similar picture pairs were found in conceptually driven processing but the effect was not found in data-driven processing. In addition. the semantic priming effect was found with 24 hour delay between the stimuli, The comparison of the recognition ratio and priming effects indicated that the priming effect was largely affected by semantically similar pictures. but recognition was relatively u unaffected, The results suggest that both Perceptual Representational System (PRS) and Conceptual Representational System (CRS) be involved during conceptually driven processing, but both PRS and CRS function independently during explicit recognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.259-276
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• 2014

Artists such as Duchamp and Balla tried to portray moving objects on static canvases by superimposing snapshots of moving objects. Previously, our group showed the influence of prior experience on brain responses within a motion-sensitive area MT+ to abstr act paintings with or without implied motion. In the present study, we went further to investigate whether the differential MT+activation between observers is originated from differential eye movement patterns. Prior experience was defined operationally with major in art. In addition, we examined whether perceiver's awareness of artist's intention concerning the implied motion, as well as expertise in art, affects the way he/she views the artwork. Results showed that the number and the duration of fixation on the abstract paintings tended to differ between participants based on art major. The awareness of artist's intention was not related to such differences. In contrast, observers' awareness of artist's intention of implying motion affected eye movement patterns in specific regions of the abstract paintings where the motion was portrayed. In other words, observers with awareness focused more on the parts of paintings portraying motion and moved their eyes in the direction corresponding to the direction of moving objects than observers without awareness. Expertise was not related to such specific eye movement patterns. The present study implies that art expertise and awareness of artist's intention play differential roles in observers' perception of paintings with implied motion. Namely, it suggests that expertise is related to the overall perception of paintings, while awareness of implied motion is related to perception of the specific spatial information in those paintings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.55
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• pp.1-29
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of household income on children's academic achievement, and to identify the mediating effects of parental time and material investment in the relationship between the two variables. We utilized the third-wave data of the "Seoul Panel Study of Children Surveys(SPSC, 2006)". The major findings of the present study are as follows. First, the results show that household income has a positive influence on children's academic achievement. Second, parental material investment fully mediates the influence of household income on children's academic achievement. Among the variables representing parental material investment, the mediating effects of "purchasing of cognitively stimulating materials" and "participating in extracurricular activities' are found to be statistically significant. However, the two variables representing parental time investment ("parent activities with child out of home" and "parent involvement in school") do not have any significant influence on children's academic achievement. These results indicate that the influence of household income on children's academic achievement can be better explained by parental material investment rather than parental time investment. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

Most of the important visual information is presented to driver through the display panel that is related to the vehicle. If display panel is designed with the c consideration of driver's visibility, drivers can get broad visual field and visual I information related to vehicle promptly and exactly during driving situation. Therefore display panel has direct relationship with the driver's task performance and it can be considered as an important device that affects the driver-automotive interaction. Many r researches about shape, characteristic and color of display panel have been performed, but not sufficient in this country Nowadays most of vehicles has an analog type display. but its shape and arrangement a are various without any definite standards about position. Therefore. experiments using evaluation tool (VISVEC System) were conducted to inquire the driver's preference on the major objects arrangement of display panel (speedometer. tachometer. fuel meter. and t thermometer) and to ascertain the factors that have an effect on drivers according to the objects position of the display panel The experiment results showed that there was no correlation between the arrangement c characteristics preferred by subjects and the cognitive accuracy but the cognition of V visual information more easy when the each major object has its area.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2010

Purpose: The objectives were to examine following 2 questions related to cognitive profile for the children with Williams syndrome (WS); 1) Is there a significant advantage for verbal IQ over performance IQ in WS?; 2) Is there selective impairment in visuospatial ability in the children with WS? Materials and Methods: Five children with WS with the age of $90.86{\pm}20.73$ months were compared with 12 children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) or Down syndrome (DS) with comparable age and IQ. Results: All 5 children with WS showed intellectual disability whose mean scaled scores were $15.71{\pm}9.27$ in verbal subtests and $14.29{\pm}7.50$ in performance subtests, which did not show significant difference. There was no significant difference in the total sum of scaled scores of verbal subtests among WS, PWS and DS. There was no selective impairment in subtests which represented visuospatial tasks for the children with WS. However, the scaled score of object assembly was significantly lower in WS ($2.29{\pm}0.95$) compared to that of PWS ($4.75{\pm}2.77$; P <0.05). Conclusion: The general notion that the children with WS would be relatively strong in verbal function when compared with their overall cognitive function was not observed in this study. The verbal function of the children with WS was not better when compared to the children with DS or PWS. There was no selective impairment of visuospatial function in the children with WS at this age. However, the visuospatial function was significantly low in the children with WS only when compared to the children with PWS.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.332-343
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• 2017

This study examined the impact of interaction between dispositional empathic concern (DEC) and message framing on effects of the international aid campaign. DEC refers to a trait with which people tend to sympathize with and be concerned about others in need. Message framing is differentiated by positive or negative type. The results supported the prediction that the interaction between DEC and framing would have an effect on responses to messages advocating international relief activities. The overall findings show that the interaction was mainly the result of positive framing eliciting more favorable responses (behavioral intention and perceived relationship closeness) from higher DEC individuals than lower ones. The interaction effect on behavioral interaction was mediated by perceived relationship closeness.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-18
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate the predisposing factors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in fire fighters in Korea and to suggest the program development and solution to the critical incident stress management (CISM) in the future. PTSD is characterized by invasion, withdrawal, negative change of cognition and mood, and hypersensitivity. Trauma memory includes explicit memory and implicit memory. The explicit memory is conscious, cognitive, and descriptive and is controlled by hippocampus. The data of explicit memory have inhibitive and narrative language structure. The implicit memory is inconscious, emotional, and remembered by the body. The implicit memory is controlled by amygdala and has inexpressive language structure. The deletion of implicit memory is the key point to trauma treatment. Critical incident stress management (CISM) is the approach for the solution of PTSD. In conclusion, the essential goal of CISM is the psychological cessation of PTSD. This study tried to suggest the education program development of PTSD.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.72
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• pp.52-91
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of attribute agenda-setting and priming through content analysis and a survey about Particulate Matter($PM_{10}$ & $PM_{2.5}$) using both promotional news and general news. The study results were as follows. First, promotional news and general news were found to showcase similar cognitive attributes. Second, the results did not show a significant relationship between highlighted attributes in media coverage and the public's salient attributes, but media attributes had been generally reflected in the public's perception because the public was highly aware of the importance of all media attributes. Third, the recognition of the public's attribute importance affected the direction of public opinion, which resulted in the acceptance of priming effects. Meanwhile, the recognition of the public's attribute importance towards economic damage, international cooperation, individual response, and the recognition of promotional news had affected risk perception. Furthermore, the recognition of promotional news and involvement appeared to have an interaction effect on risk perception.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.491-513
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• 2001

It has not been a long time since a comparative advertising was emphasized in the advertising industry and academics. The issue is whether comparative advertising is more effective than noncomparative advertising, and if it is true, then under what conditions it is more effective. Based upon previous research results and expertises' opinions, the authors try to figure out the hierarchy of comparative advertising effect and its determinants. The objective of this exploratory study is to develop a conceptual model on comparative advertising effect and research propositions. This model would provide us with broader understanding on comparative advertising, practical guidelines for comparative advertisement production, and foundations of developing more detailed model on comparative advertising effectiveness.