• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.508-516
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• 2010

An autonomous and automatic home mess-cleanup robot is newly developed in this paper. Thus far, vacuum-cleaners have lightened the burden of household chores but the operational labor that vacuum-cleaners entail has been very severe. Recently, a cleaning robot was commercialized to solve but it also was not successful because it still had the problem of mess-cleanup, which pertained to the clean-up of large trash and the arrangement of newspapers, clothes, etc. Hence, we develop a new home mess-cleanup robot (McBot) to completely overcome this problem. The robot needs the capability for agile navigation and a novel manipulation system for mess-cleanup. The autonomous navigational system has to be controlled for the full scanning of the living room and for the precise tracking of the desired path. It must be also be able to recognize the absolute position and orientation of itself and to distinguish the messed object that is to be cleaned up from obstacles that should merely be avoided. The manipulator, which is not needed in a vacuum-cleaning robot, has the functions of distinguishing the large trash that is to be cleaned from the messed objects that are to be arranged. It needs to use its discretion with regard to the form of the messed objects and to properly carry these objects to the destination. In particular, in this paper, we describe our approach for achieving accurate localization using RFID for home mess-cleanup robots. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed McBot is confirmed through live tests of the mess-cleanup task.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.6
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• pp.51-76
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• 2008

Nous obserbons dans le champs de l'art aujourd' hui, le changement radical provoquant $\'{e}$tant donn$\'{e}$ que le pouvoir du march$\'{e}$ de l'art s'augmente de plus en plus. C'est pour cela que le champ du discours de l'art n'est actuellement plus form$\'{e}$ par des notions esth$\`{e}$tiques artistiques, mais par celles qui sont r$\'{e}$serv$\'{e}$es au domaine de l'$\'{e}$conomie et du march$\'{e}$. Il n'est plus significatif de croire la valeur esth$\`{e}$tique de l'oeuvre d'art, puisque l'esth$\`{e}$tique elle-m$\^{e}$me ne fonctionne plus. Par contre, le syst$\`{e}$me de donner le prix $\`{a}$ l'oeuvre d'art fonctionne rigoureusement. En plus, cette situation s'aggrave $\'{e}$tant donn$\'{e}$ que la mondialisation du march$\'{e}$ de l'art s'installe avec rapidit$\'{e}$. Malgr$\'{e}$ la mondialisation de l'art, des gens qui habitent par exemple $\`{a}$ S$\'{e}$oul ne peuvent pas s' approcher facilement de ce qui se passe $\`{a}$ New York, le vrai centre de l'art contemporain. Dans cette situation, le champ de discours de l'art n'a pas d'autre solution de se r$\'{e}$tr$\'{e}$cir remaquablement et le sujet de discussion sur le grand art est remplac$\'{e}$ par celui du success de l'art. Cette recherche est arriv$\'{e}$e $\`{a}$ remarquer que le syst$\`{e}$me du foire internationale de l'art fonctionne comme une locomotive dans le march$\'{e}$ de l'art qui est le vrai dominateur de l'art contemporain. Aujourd'hui les grands clients du monde de l'art et les jeunes sp$\'{e}$ctateurs, les clients de l'avenir s'assemblent autour de quelques foires internationales r$\'{e}$put$\'{e}$s qui ont de l'autorit$\'{e}$. C'est ainsi que l'achat et la vante de l'oeuvres d'art est suffisamment mondialis$\'{e}$ et que le syst$\`{e}$me local du march$\'{e}$ est d$\'{e}$rang$\'{e}$ et s'$\'{e}$ffondr$\'{e}$gravement. Malgr$\'{e}$ la diff$\'{e}$rence significative, la majorit$\'{e}$ des galeries d'art lacaux s'oblige de suivre $\`{a}$ la suite du style du foire internationale de l'art. C'est la raison pour laquelle que cette recherche se fait une id$\'{e}$e nette que la prosp$\'{e}$rit$\'{e}$ actuelle du march$\'{e}$ de l'art n'est que la situation $\'{e}$conomique ou financi$\`{e}$re. A ce stade de la r$\'{e}$flexion, cette recherche arrivera $\`{a}$ poser une question primordiale ci-dessous: "Si l'art qu'on $\`{a}$ l'intention de proclamer ne serai plus possible de faire r$\'{e}$fl$\'{e}$chir sur la libert$\'{e}$ et la solidarit$\'{e}$ humain, la dignit$\'{e}$ de l'homme, cet art n'est plus autre chose que l'insignifiance. Au lieu de parcourir divers ph$\'{e}$nom$\`{e}$ne du march$\'{e}$ de l'art aujourd'hui, cette recherche fixera son attention sur la r$\'{e}$alit$\'{e}$ du foire internationales de l'art. Dans ce context, cette recherche sera compos$\'{e}$e par trois chapitres donc le premi$\`{e}$re essayera de r$\'{e}$pondre $\'{a}$ la question de son influence extraodinairement puissante. Le deuxi$\`{e}$me chapitre essayera d'analiser la r$\'{e}$alit$\'{e}$ et la source du pouvoir du foire internationale de l'art. Nous essayeront au troisi$\`{e}$me chapitre de configurer le point de vue critique qui permettra de bien comprendre notre sujet.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.147-169
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• 2015

Our society has been changed so rapidly and we have achieved industrialization and democratization swiftly. On our Economic growth and democratization, it is appraised that Christian Thought and western Capitalism thoughts have been one of the important factors. John Calvin, well known Reformer and thinker of Protestant, as M. Weber assessed, contributed greatly to the progress of Capitalism. He was a Religion Reformer as M. Luther and especially a thinker and man of deed, who affected large areas of human life such as Religion, Economy, Society and Politics. Calvin understood Economy is the main issue of theology and Economic activities can be a position which may restore the correct relationship of God and Man. This Paper aimed to survey, synthesize and systemize the Economy and Management thought of J. Calvin. On these changing current society, it surveyed if His thoughts that has long history, can be applicable or not and Where and How it may. Calvin's Thought not only on his age caused important changes and Reformation but now suggests critical milestones. His Thoughts of Love, Justice, and Fairness based on the Bible have been evaluated as the universal truth and important criteria. Until nowadays his Philosophy has composed critical Principles of decision making rules of Economy and Management and National policies. Especially today, when economy has been more emphasized as a center of our lives, His Thought suggests momentous directions on various Human Life such as Justice and Fairness, deepening of gap between poor and rich, expansion of conflicts among social classes, employment and wages, freedom of markets and its balance, and public good of land use. Reviewing Calvin's Economy and Management thoughts as meaningful basis on the our and world Economy which became worse caused by world monetary crisis and Europe financial crisis that aroused by world Economy globalization and expansion of neo-liberalism, this Paper suggested some future directions. And for the practical sectors, Distribution and Logistics, it proposed some issues and Directions, considering the impacts of His thoughts on the Industries. Nevertheless it can deliver some contributions, as a literature research, it reveals some limitations that it may contain lacking of practical investigations and cases on economy and management fields. In the future, more detailed and deeper research on the practical and situations of economy and management shall be needed.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.22
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• pp.27-55
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• 2005

Visual media are taken the highest position in modem society, Modern poems also have been changed into visual poems, This aspect is the result of considering only individual talents ignoring traditions. Now, new Sigo should be concentrated on the mythological and historical voice from true nature and the body of human being, That is. ut should be converted into an ecological world view resolutely and restored a form of expression granted specific characteristics of our language. Advantages the computer media have brought. that is. equality freedom. human rights. harmony. pro-environmental value. can be maximized by positively accepting an ecological world view of Sijo which had included daily lives and spirits of the nation. Moreover. these all changes of new Sijo have to be established and recreated in the traditional expressions of Sijo. Aesthetic value of Sijo should be found in the expression forms such as phonetic harmony, rules of versification, rhythm, and etc. Then, we can overcome modern society's pathological phenomena such as severance, separation, dissolution, estrangement, psychiatric syndrome and etc. which visual media superiority brought. At the same time. it will cure ills of modern poems, Sijo and writing epochally and can establish true happiness and development.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.33
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• pp.257-286
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• 2019

This study aims to explain theodicy in Daesoon Jinrihoe using established theodicies. Theodicy in Daesoon Jinrihoe can be described as follows: within the worldview of Daesoon Jinrihoe, the problems of evil and suffering are better addressed by analyzing the problem of mutual contention. Accordingly, theodicy in Daesoon Jinrihoe is a matter which should be discussed only in regards to the time period known as the Former World and the transition period after the Reordering Works that leads up to the Later World. The Later World does not operate under patterns of mutual contention. Consequently, there will be no suffering. Therefore, issues of theodicy are irrelevant in the Later World. Theodicy should be dealt differently as it pertains to the Former World and the previously mentioned transition period. Daesoon Thought posits that there is an underlying principle presides over the cosmos, and the divine beings act in accordance with it and perform specific duties in their own subdivisions. The cosmic principle is able to contain cycles of both Sanggeuk ('mutual destruction' in general usage, but 'mutual contention' in Daesoon Thought related to the Former World) and sangsaeng ('mutual generation' in general usage and 'mutual beneficence' in Daesoon Thought related to the Later World). Suffering came into being due to mutual contention. However, mutual contention was not set into motion maliciously, but was arranged instead to facilitate the realization of greater values such as growth and development. In other words, mutual contention are not products of a moral value the nature of which is bad or wrong. Yet, since the world has operated under mutual contention from time immemorial, a nearly incalculably vast multitude of grievances have accumulated. In addition, the divine beings who had operated under mutual contention often made mistakes and spread confusion. This extreme situation resulted in tremendous disasters breaking out all over the world. Perhaps this particular theodicy could be named "Dualistic Sanggeuk Theology (Dualistic Theodicy of Mutual Contention)." After the divine beings reported to the Supreme God that the world had fallen into a serious crisis, the Supreme God penetratingly examined the circumstances of the world and then descended to Earth as a human being named Jeungsan. As Jeungsan practiced the Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth, the Great Opening was preordained by Him. As a result, the transition period started, and from that point onward, theodicy should be described differently. It is presumed that all creatures will be judged at the time of the Great Opening. This will result in the annihilation of all wicked beings including both divine beings and humans. There will also be the establishment of an earthly paradise as well as grievance resolution for all beings prior the Great Opening. This can also be called "The Eschatological Theodicy of the Resolution of Grievances." Theodicy in Daesoon Jinrihoe adopts the two theodicies mentioned above. In addition to that, various theodicies from other traditions such as Irenaean ("soul-making") Theodicy, Free Will Theodicy, Recompense Theodicy, Afterlife Theodicy, Karma Samsara Theodicy, theodicy of participation, and Communion Theodicy can all potentially be applied on a case by case basis.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.217-247
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• 2019

This research paper intends to examine the intertextuality of Klaus Mann's novel Mephisto (1936) and István Szabó's film Mephisto (1981) and how the derivative contents (i.e., film) accepted and improved the schematic aesthetics of conviction in original contents (i.e., novel). In general, the aesthetics of conviction is applied to criticize the state socialism of the artists of the Third Reich or the ideology of the artists of East Germany from a biased ethical perspective. Mephisto is also based on the aesthetics of conviction. Thus, it would be meaningful to examine the characteristic similarity and difference between Klaus Mann's real antagonist (i.e., Gustaf Gründgens) and fictional antagonist (i.e., Hendrik Höfgen) from a historical critical perspective. In this process, an aesthetic distance between the real and fictional antagonists would be secured through the internal criticism in terms of intertextuality. In this respect, the film aesthetics of István Szabó are deemed to overcome the schematic limit of the original novel. The conviction in both the novel and film of Mephisto pertains to the belief and stance of a person who compromised with the state socialism of Nazi Germany, i.e., succumbed to the irresistible history. Klaus Mann denounced Mephisto's character Höfgen (i.e., Gründgens in reality) as an "Mephisto with evil spirits" from the perspective of exile literature. For such denunciation, Klaus Mann used various means such as satire, caricature, sarcasm, parody and irony. However, his novel is devoid of introspection and "utopianism", and thus could be considered to allow personal rights to be disregarded by the freedom of art. On the contrary, István Szabó employed the two different types of evil (evil of Mephisto and evil of Faust) from a dualistic perspective (instead of a dichotomous perspective of good and evil) by expressing the character of Höfgen like both Mephisto and Hamlet (i.e., "Faust with both good and evil spirits). However, Szabó did not present the mixed character of "Mephisto and Hamlet (Faust)" only as an object of pity. Rather, Szabó called for social responsibility by showing a much more tragic end. As such, the novel Mephisto is more like the biography of an individual, and the film Mephisto is more like the biography of a generation. The aesthetics of conviction of Mephisto appears to overcome biased historical and textual perspectives through the irony of intertextuality between the novel and the film. Even if history is an irresistible "fate" to an individual, human dignity cannot be denied because it is the "value of life". The issue of conviction is not only limited to the times of Nazi Germany. It can also be raised with the ideology of the modern and contemporary history of Korea. History is so deeply rooted that it should not be criticized merely from a dichotomous perspective. When it comes to the relationship between history and individual life, a neutral point of view is required. Hopefully, this research paper will provide readers with a significant opportunity for finding out their "inner Mephisto" and "inner Hamlet."

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.189-224
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• 2010

Nowadays Korean society has a fast growing population of North Korean immigrant youth. Especially, North Korean immigrant youth, who are discontinuing formal education, experience difficulties in social exclusion and adaptation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of adaptation and social support of North Korean immigrant youth discontinuing formal education, and to seek affirmative supporting plans and solutions for their adaptation. The methodology utilized for this study was a case study research. On the basis of the results and categorization, 'a network between overall categories and of early adaptation' was derived. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, the participants of this study experienced major difficulties during 'economical adaptation', and their economical adaptation was strongly interrelated with their 'educational adaptation'. The discontinuing of their education resulting from their fleeing period caused 'academic differential and age disparity.' Thus they could not enroll in the formal education system, and their insufficient educational background resulted in low wages and overwork due to manual labor jobs. Second, participants recognized 'interpersonal relations' as the most essential factor in adaptation, and 'social support' from the interpersonal relations played an important role in adaptation to and comfort in Korean society. 'Interactions with South Koreans' was recognized as a significant resource for gaining informational and appraisal support, but was not activated satisfactorily. On the other hand, interaction with North Korean immigrants was avoided by the reason that 'there's nothing to learn', however emotional support from North Korean immigrants of close relationship played an important role in participants' adaptation, especially in all aspects of psychological adaptation. Third, participants experienced a lot of difficulties and stresses in their 'physical health and psychological adaptation'. Their chronic diseases worsened by remaining untreated, and female perceived symptoms were observed more often than in male. Meanwhile, excessive 'stresses' from the unfamiliar environment of South Korea negatively affected their psychological adaptation. However, they were satisfied with sense of liberty and security from living in a democratic society.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2023

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to fabricate a prototype robotic simulator for dental education, to test whether it could simulate mandibular movements, and to assess the possibility of the stimulator responding to stimuli during dental practice. Materials and methods. A virtual simulator model was developed based on segmentation of the hard tissues using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. The simulator frame was 3D printed using polylactic acid (PLA) material, and dentiforms and silicone face skin were also inserted. Servo actuators were used to control the movements of the simulator, and the simulator's response to dental stimuli was created by pressure and water level sensors. A water level test was performed to determine the specific threshold of the water level sensor. The mandibular movements and mandibular range of motion of the simulator were tested through computer simulation and the actual model. Results. The prototype robotic simulator consisted of an operational unit, an upper body with an electric device, a head with a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and dentiforms. The TMJ of the simulator was capable of driving two degrees of freedom, implementing rotational and translational movements. In the water level test, the specific threshold of the water level sensor was 10.35 ml. The mandibular range of motion of the simulator was 50 mm in both computer simulation and the actual model. Conclusion. Although further advancements are still required to improve its efficiency and stability, the upper-body prototype simulator has the potential to be useful in dental practice education.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2016

Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. (P. densiflora) contains several phenolic compounds that exhibit biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antihypertensive effects. However, the anti-inflammatory effect of P. densiflora on skin has rarely been reported. Malassezia furfur (M. furfur) is a commensal microbe that induces skin inflammation and is associated with several chronic disorders, such as dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, papillomatosis, and sepsis. The aim of our study was to identify the anti-inflammatory effects of P. densiflora needle extracts on skin health subjected to M. furfur-induced inflammation. The methanolic extract of the pine needles was partitioned into n-hexane, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and water layers. We measured the anti-inflammatory effects (in macrophages) as well as the antioxidant, antifungal, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of each of these layers. The antioxidant activity of the individual layers was in the order EtOAc layer > n-BuOH layer > water layer. Only the n-BuOH, EtOAc, and n-hexane layers showed antifungal activity. Additionally, all the layers possessed tyrosinase inhibition activity similar to that of ascorbic acid, which is used as a commercial control. The EtOAc layer was not cytotoxic toward the RAW 264.7 cell line. Interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression levels in M. furfur-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells treated with the EtOAc layer were decreased markedly compared to those in cells treated with the other layers. Taken together, we believe that the needle extracts of P. densiflora have potential application as alternative anti-inflammatory agents or cosmetic material for skin health improvement.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.18-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to verify the influence of musical activities on social and emotional behavior of infants, through providing musical activities to the infants who were cared in a nursery and observing the interactions between peer group, or a therapist and an infant derived during them. The subject is 24 infants who are under 2 years of age(25~36months) at two nurseries located in Bundang area, and 13 infants among them are randomly assigned as study group and 11 infants as control group. Pretest and posttest about social and emotional behavior are performed, and ITSEA developed by Brggs-Gowan and Carter(2001) and amended by Shin Ji Yeon(2004) was used as an evaluation tool. Infants' changes of interaction behaviors during musical play were also analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, and for the analysis, infant's social play behavior examination tool developed by Holloway and Reichhart-Erickson(1988) was adopted. Based on time sampling method, each item of this tool was evaluated. Each session was performed for 15 minutes, and 60 times of analysis about interactions per session was conducted at every 15 seconds. The analysis result was showed with a table and a graph, and described qualitatively about behavior changes. When compared social and emotional positive behavior average figures and negative behavior average figures between study group and control group, this study showed that the positive behavior figure of study group was increased and the negative behavior figure was decreased. While concentration and empathy among positive behaviors increased meaningfully, aggression, defiance, separation anxiety and rejection to new things among negative activities also decreased meaningfully. The conclusion of this study is as follows. First, interactions with peers or a therapist based on music and musical experience make an effect on strengthening positive behavior among social and emotional behavior and decreasing negative behavior. Second, music has influence on negative behaviors more than positive behaviors of an infant, and produces a good effect on sub behaviors of negative behaviors specially.