• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.408-421
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to verify differences in changes of physical self-concept between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group in order to meet the needs of the study the limitations of previous studies had to be considered. The participants were elementary students in S city selected by this researcher. 30 students were in the Taekwondo participation group and 40 students were in the non Taekwondo participation group decided by ACSM(15) exercise guide line standard, three times repetition measurements per 12 weeks were executed for $2{\times}3$ mixed design with repeated measure. For this statistic, SPSS 12.0 for windows was used for technical statistic, two-way ANOVA, paired t-test, and independent t-test. The results were as follows; First, there were differences of change pattern in physical self-concept generally between Taekwondo participation group and non Taekwondo participation group. Second, there was a difference between Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group according to 1st and 2nd, 1st and 3rd measurement point partially. Third, there were differences between the Taekwondo exercise group and non Taekwondo exercise group on the 2nd and 3rd measurement. In conclusion, Taekwondo discipline tended to have a large effect increasing physical self-concept.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.147-164
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• 2014

This study aimed to explore the effects of population education on university male female students' recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. The subjects were 71 university students(male: 36, female: 35) participating in population education program. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, population education led to positive changes in university students' recognition of population education and of low fertility and aged society. Specifically, after taking the population education courses, students' levels of knowledge on population education contents and on foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society increased. Secondly, there were students' sex differences in the effect of population education on recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. For only female students, there were significantly positive changes in realization of the seriousness of low fertility and aged society, in recognition of importance of population education, work-family reconciliation and child-care centers to solve the issues of low fertility and aged societies, in knowledge levels of foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society, and in awareness of family of small members(ex. single families). Finally, based on the results, the roles of Home Economics Education were suggested in population education.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.44
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• pp.223-247
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to explore the anti-smoking message effects and smoking status on smoking belief attributes. Based on the health behavior theories such as theory of reasoned action, health belief model, and social cognitive theory, three factors are selected to investigate the effects of anti-smoking campaign messages. The balance of benefits and barriers, self-efficacy, and social pressure are selected as independent variables. Three two-way ANOVA were conducted. Results showed that the main effect of social pressure were found with the social smoking attributes. Interaction effects were found on the nonsmoker-social pressure group and the non-smoker-two sided message group. It is found that nonsmokers accepted these two anti-smoking messages easily as compared to smoker groups. No main smoking status was found in this study; it is believed that smoking is a habitual that is not changed easily because attitude formation takes time. Results revealed that the two-sided message video releases and the social pressure video releases were favored by both smokers and nonsmokers. This study contributes the theoretical framework that can be transferred to the practices of anti-smoking campaign. Also, the researcher produced the televised stimuli which is not common in health message studies. By using the televised message material, the research tried to solve the validity problem which is common in experimental design.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.315-333
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the time management behaviors and life satisfaction of gifted students and general students, and to investigate relationships between the time management and the life satisfaction. For this study, 104 gifted middle school students and 203 regular middle school students in Kyunggi Province were participated. The results of this study were as follows.; First, there was significant difference in the time management behaviors between gifted students and general students. Analyzing by independent samples t-test showed that gifted students' time management behaviors showed significantly higher than that of general students'. There was no gender difference in gifted students' time management behaviors. However, there was a significant gender difference in general students. The interaction effect between the group and the gender did not appear. Second, there was significant difference in the life satisfaction between gifted students and general students. Analyzing by independent samples t-test showed that gifted students' life satisfaction showed significantly higher than that of general students'. There was no gender difference in both groups. The interaction effect between the group and the gender did not appear. Third, investigating the relationship between time management behaviors and life satisfaction of gifted students and general students, the results showed significantly positive correlations in both groups. Regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of time management behaviors on life satisfaction, and it showed that time management behavior affects significantly on life satisfaction.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.69-77
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• 2020

Korea's golf fever is as good as the United States, Europe and Japan, which are called golf powers. The senior golf population over 55 years old has exceeded 2.5 million, and they are more interested in improving golf performance than participating in golf. So, this study aims to emphasize the importance of dynamic preparation exercise by identifying the effects of dynamic preparation exercise on golf physical strength and golf batting in order to suggest a way to help the elderly men's golf performance. The experimental group(n=13) and the control group(n=14) were divided into two groups and repeated measurements were conducted by two-way ANOVA with pre- and post-design. As a result of the analysis, the flexibility factor showed a positive effect on golf physical strength, and in golf batting, head speed, distance, and attack angle showed interaction effect, which led to the conclusion that dynamic preparation exercise helped the golf performance of the elderly male. Therefore, the continuous dynamic preparation exercise led to positive transition to head speed and attack angle due to the increase in the flexibility of the body, which led to the improvement of distance and the increase in performance level.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.289-303
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the short-term longitudinal effect of creativity-fostering programs for pre-early childhood teachers on their problem solving ability and self-efficacy. The participants of this study were 67 pre-early childhood teachers (36 from the experimental group and 31 from the control group) in Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Chungcheong-do, Korea. Pre-early childhood teachers' problem solving ability and self-efficacy was measured three times. Data were analyzed with a $2{\times}3$ ($group{\times}test$) two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures. The change in problem solving and self-efficacy appeared to be dependent on the group and test. Further statistical analysis of the data indicated that the participation of creativity-fostering programs for pre-early childhood teachers was longitudinally effective on their problem solving ability and self-efficacy.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

Objective : This research was conducted in order to identify the influence of leisure activity by the spinal cord injury(SCI) on quality of life and present it as evidence for occupational therapy intervention. Methods : The experiment was conducted from October 2010 to March 2011 and was subjected 120 SCI of 9 administration. In use of SPSS 12, 94 samples from 120 SCI were analysis by freqency analysis, T-test and One-way ANOVA. Results : The satisfaction of leisure depending on SCI level and level of paralysis had a significant differences statistically(p< .05). Conclusion : From the research, it was identified that satisfaction of leisure can be improve depending on the level of injury and classification of paralysis, and leisure activity is related to the satisfaction of leisure and quality of life.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.30-39
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• 2018

This study was conducted with the aim of presenting a strategic implication for effective political campaign in the election situation which is held almost every year including the early presidential election. For this purpose, the $2{\times}2{\times}2$ triad experiment design of framing, involvement, political efficacy. The result shows that the main effect of framing and political efficacy was found, but the main effect of involvement was not shown. And also a result of two-way ANOVA, the interaction between framing and involvement was significant, but the interaction effect between framing and political efficacy was not significant. In addition, the three-way interaction effects of framing, involvement, and political efficacy were also significant. This study suggests that prospect theory is not often used to test the effects of political campaign messages and suggests new perspectives on political campaign strategies by introducing the prospect theory into election campaign message research.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2000

The difference (bias) between self-efficacy and chemistry problem-solving ability was investigated for 96 (male: 48, female: 48) high school students. A self-efficacy instrument was administered, which asked the confidence in solving algorithmic and conceptual problems successfully. Their chemistry problem-solving ability was then assessed with 10 algorithmic and 10 conceptual problems as same in the self-efficacy instrument. Although students had higher scores in the algorithmic problems, no significant difference was found in the self-efficacy to solve the two different forms of problems. Therefore, the bias scores in the conceptual problems were higher than those in the algorithmic problems. Two-way ANOVA results for the bias in the algorithmic problems revealed a significant interaction between gender and the previous achievement level. Analysis of simple effects indicated that the bias scores of high-achieving boys were significantly higher than those of high-achieving girls. While most high-achieving boys were in the overconfident category, high-achieving girls were more likely to be in the underconfident category.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Self Regulatory Focus Theory explained two different self-regulatory systems(promotion focus and prevention focus) to achieve a goal. According to this theory, people have different type of goal(approach pleasure and avoid pain) and use different type of strategy to achieve the goal. Promotion focus targets their attention to positive outcomes and the achievement of gains. On the other hand, prevention focus targets attention more to negative outcomes and the avoidance of losses. Also, promotion focus tends to use approach and eager strategy to achieve the goal and prevention focus tends to use avoidance and vigilant strategy. This study examined the effects of self regulation focus on attitude and intention toward business start-up. We proposed that promotion focused people will respond more positively to the attitude and intention toward business start-up than prevention focused people. This likely because promotion focused people tend to focus more ideals and gains, where prevention focused people tend to focus more safety and risk. And also we proposed that these effect will be influenced by psychological distance. This study investigated these relationships using 186 under graduate students. The result of analysis indicated that promotion focused people responded more positively on the intention toward business start-up than prevention focused people. But it had not any effect on the attitude toward business start-up than prevention focused people. Self regulation focus and psychological distance turns out to be a significant factors that influence attitude and intention toward business start-up. Finally, we concluded with a discussion of the implications of the research findings and directions for future research.