• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.153-162
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• 2015

A descriptive research is studied to identify the physical factors affecting to cognitive function among elderly residents over 65 years old in a community. The data were collected from 352 participants as part of a health-related survey by home visits in Seoul in 2010-2012. Their cognitive function was measured using the Korean form of Hasegawa Dementia Scale(HDS-K) and the collected data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. From the analysis, the prevalence rate of cognitive impairment was 13.6%. Elderly residents in a community showed different cognition levels by the status of age, change of weight, change of BMI, walking and flexibility exercise. Especially, the lowest cognition level was found in the normal BMI group with decreased BMI change by over 3. The factors influencing on cognition level of the elderly with normal BMI were age, change of weight, change of BMI, and walking exercise. The variance indicated 12.2% as their cognition level. Therefore, for preventing the cognitive impairment of the elderly that were rapidly decreased of BMI, we need the program to manage their nutrition and walking exercise.

• 한국석유지질학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.94-100
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• 2005

동해 울릉분지 북서부해역에서 채취한 코어퇴적물을 이용하여 울릉분지의 제4기 후기 층서와 퇴적환경을 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 테프라층서, 탄소연대측정, 퇴적상, 퇴적물의 암질, 퇴적물과 공극수의 원소성분 등을 분석하였다. 퇴적상을 기준으로 코어퇴적물은 Unit 1, Unit II 및 Unit III으로 나누어지며, Unit의 경계부근에서는 주로 화산력으로 구성된 2매의 향암질 또는 조면암질 테프라층과 주로 화산재로 구성된 1매의 유문암질 테프라층이 협재되어 나타난다. 이들 테프라층에는 울릉도에서 기원한 울릉-오키층(Unit I/II 경계, 약 8.1 cal. kyr BC)과 울릉-야마토층(약 30.7 cal. kyr BC), 일본에서 기원한 아이라-탄자와층(Unit I/II경계, 약 22.8 cal. kyr BC)이 있다. Unit II의 중간부근에서 발견되는 DLM(Dark Laminated Mud) 층에는 망간보다는 철이 상대적으로 풍부하고, 철은 주로 구상집적체의 황화철로 발견되는데, 이들 광물은 정체환경 동안 물의 순환이 약화된 시기에 무산소환경에서 형성되었다. 퇴적물 내 유기물은 해양성 기원으로, 열적 성숙단계가 대부분 미성숙단계에 놓여 있다. Termination I 전에 급격하게 총유기탄소 (TOC)의 함량이 증가함을 보여주는데, 이는 빙기에서 간빙기로 변하는 시기에 해수면 변동과 관련이 있는 것으로 보인다. 공극수와 공기층 가스의 분석에 의하면, 황산염($SO_4^{2-}$) 농도는 매몰심도와 함께 증가하고, 반대로 공기층 가스의 주성분인 메탄($CH_4$)의 농도는 감소한다. 이는 미생물학적인 활동과 관련된 황산염 환원작용이 코어 상부에서 일어났으며, 점차 메탄생성단계 (methanogenesis)로 전이가 일어났음을 의미한다.측해본 결과 침몰선체의 강도는 초기강도에 비해 약 2/5정도 감소하였음을 알 수 있었다.할 수 있었다. 이 연구 사례를 통하여 3차원 GPR 탐사 또한 국부적인 이상대의 규명뿐만 아니라 광역적인 고고학 조사에도 다른 물리탐사와 마찬가지로 쉽게 활용될 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 3차원 GPR 탐사가 향후 국내의 문화재 조사에 표준화된 탐사과정 중의 하나로써 적극 활용되길 기대한다.larity가 높은 oil에서는 약 $70 {\~} 90\%$의 phenoxyethanol이 유상에 존재하였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 항균력도 phenoxyethanol이 수상에 많이 존재할수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 따라서, 제형 내 oil tomposition을 변화시킴으로써 phenoxyethanol의 사용량을 줄일 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 피부 투과를 감소시켜 보다 피부 자극이 적은 저자극 방부시스템 개발이 가능하리라 보여 진다. 첨가하여 제조한 curd yoghurt는 저장성과 관능적인 면에서 우수한 상품적 가치가 인정되는 새로운 기능성 신제품의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다. 여자의 경우 0.8이상이 되어서 심혈관계 질환의 위험 범위에 속하는 수준이었다. 삼두근의 두겹 두께는 남녀 각각 $20.2\pm8.58cm,\;22.2\pm4.40mm$으로 남녀간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 조사대상자의 식습관 상태는 전체 대상자의 $84.4\%$가 대부분이 하루 세끼 식사를 규칙적으로 하고 있었으며 식사속도는 허겁지겁 빨리 섭취하는 경우가 남자는 $31.0\%$, 여자는 $21.4\%$로 나타났고 이들을 제외한 나머지 사람들은 보통 속도 혹은 충분한 시간을 가지고 식사를 하였다. 평소 식사량은 조금 적게

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.351-364
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to learn about the decision factors affecting utilization of elderly welfare center of the elderly living in Gimpo city. The reason of the study is that the elderly welfare center as a provider of general welfare services could not only thinking about the state policy but also need to consider about the inherent role and function of the elderly. Especially for these elders living in rural areas, although the number of elderly welfare centers of the whole country has greatly increased in last 10 years, the effect and function of the facility are almost the same and they are still lack of leisure activities. This issue become a serious problem nowadays. For the above reasons, this article conducts a social survey of 360 elderly people over the age of 65 who lives in the Gimpo city which is a rural-urban type city. The research method is to examine the relationship between the predisposing factors, enabling factors and need factors of Andersen's behavior model with binary logistic regression analysis and the decision tree analysis. The result of binary logistic regression shows the most of factors of Andersen's model is significant. The factors of age, gender, education level in predisposing factors; monthly income in enabling factors and the reserve for old life, the preparation of economic activity for old life in need factors are significant. Then the result of decision tree analysis shows the interaction between factors; when the education level in predisposing factors is higher, the possibility of using of elderly welfare center becomes bigger. Also as the level of healthy promoting preparation in the need factors gets lower, the possibility of using of elderly welfare center still becomes bigger. Although differences were found in the interpretation of the results of regression analysis and decision tree analysis, the results of this study can still provide support for the necessity of elderly welfare centers providing integrated welfare services.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

According to a recent KOFICE survey, K-Pop's popularity factor is divided into visual and auditory elements, and the importance of hearing elements is found. Among the various types of singers, idol groups led K-Pop and Black Pink, which topped the list of favorite K-Pop singers in 2018, was selected as the study target. In addition, Twice's music, which is similar to Black Pink's period of activity, has been set as a comparative research scope. The common features in the music of the two groups are the chorus and rhythm structure implemented around melody and Harmony rhythm, and the frequency of use of Major and Minor is greatly different. Through this method and modal interchange, K-Pop from 2016 to 2018 is analyzed. Research shows that first, more than one mode is used as a main melody. When more than one mode is used, different lines in the same line will vary depending on the functional form of the song. Second, the rhythm of the melody expressed with vocals and instruments is repeated based on a two-bar pattern. Finally, when using less chord and slowly expressing the igneous rhythms, there is a way to omit or modify the third notes that determine chord characteristics. Through this study, we can see that the usage patterns of the mode and modal interchange are divided according to the major and minor.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.238-249
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• 1998

Purpose: To localize and compare the neural basis of verbal and visual human working memory, we performed functional activation study using $H_2^{15}O$ PET. Materials and Methods: Repeated $H_2^{15}O$ PET scans with one control and three different activation tasks were performed on six right-handed normal volunteers. Each activation task was composed of 13 match-ing trials. On each trial, four targets, a fixation dot and a probe were presented sequentially and subject's task was to press a response button to indicate whether or not the probe was one of the previous targets. Short meaningful Korean words, simple drawings and monochromic pictures of human faces were used as matching objects for verbal or visual memory. All the images were spatially normalized and the differences between control and activation states were statistically analyzed using SPM96. Results: Statistical analysis of verbal memory activation with short words showed activation in the left Broca's area, promoter cortex, cerebellum and right cingulate gyrus. In verbal memory with simple drawings, activation was shown in the larger regions including where activated with short words and left superior temporal cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, prefrontal cortex, anterior portion of right superior temporal gyrus and right infero-lateral frontal cortex. On the other hand, the visual memory task activated predominantly right-sided structures, especially inferior frontal cortex, supplementary motor cortex and superior parietal cortex. Conclusion: The results are consistent with the hypothesis of the laterality and dissociation of the verbal and visual working memory from the invasive electrophysiological studies and emphasize the pivotal role of frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus in working memory system.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.11
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• pp.1207-1215
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• 2009

Purpose:To review and determine the complications in 76 child abuse cases recorded by a multidisciplinary hospital-based child protection team between 1987 and 2007. Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the reports and medical records of child abuse cases maintained by a university hospital-based child protection team. We devised a questionnaire for standardized interviews with the victims' guardians to determine the current physical and mental status of the children; questionnaires were answered by social workers of the child protection team who interviewed the present fosterers of 24 (35.8%) children. Results:Of the 76 children, 6 were infants, 10 were 1-3 years old, were 3-10 years old, and 19 were over 10 years old. Seven children (9.2%) were neglected and 27 (35.5%) and 44 (57.9%) were sexually and physically abused, respectively. In more than half of the cases, the perpetrators were the father or mother of the children. Most children (41 cases, 53.9%) were abused at their homes. The mean follow-up duration from the time of abuse infliction was $54.3{\pm}49.2$ months, and the current mean age of the children was $8.3{\pm}6.4$ years. Moderate and severe developmental delay and physical disability were observed in 6 (25.0%) and 3 (12.5%) cases, respectively. In 13 children (54.2%), the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF) score was less than 60, which indicates mild mental disability. Conclusion:A hospital-based child protection team may witness the different proportion of abuse types and patterns by conducting a nation-wide survey of child abuse cases.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.183-190
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• 2008

Background: The control of active pulmonary tuberculosis is still an issue in community medicine. But there are also considerable needs for supportive management of symptomatic patients with post-tuberculous destroyed lung. Few studies have evaluated clinical characteristics and health-related quality of life in patients with post-tuberculous destroyed lung. Methods: We evaluated lung function, exercise tolerance, HRCT and health-related quality of life measurements using the Korean version of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) in 22 patients with parenchymal damage to more than a half of one lung due to pulmonary tuberculosis. Results: In the pulmonary function test, mixed defects and obstructive defects were observed in 10 (45.0%) and 9 (40.9%) of patients, respectively. In the cardiopulmonary exercise test, the mean $VO_2max%$ predicted ($39.0%{\pm}10.9%$) and $O_2$ pulse% predicted ($61.3%{\pm}13.6%$) were markedly decreased. In the SGRQ, the impact score (mean $27.8{\pm}18.5$) was significantly lower than the symptom score (mean $53.9{\pm}20.9$) or activity score (mean $50.8{\pm}27.3$) (p<0.05, p<0.01). Cronbach's alpha coefficient value for reliability was more than 0.7 for each subscale and total score. The total score showed a significant negative correlation with $FEV_1%$ predicted (r=-0.46, p<0.05) and $SaO_2$ (r=-0.60, p<0.05). On HRCT, a median of 9 (range 5~15) bronchopulmonary segments were destroyed by less than half, which significantly correlated with SGRQ total score (r=-0.52, p=0.02). Conclusion: The reliability and validity of the Korean version of the SGRQ was acceptable for the measurement of health-related quality of life in patients with post-tuberculous destroyed lung.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.14
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• pp.3-51
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• 2006

In this paper, I applied known theories of appraisal and re-appraisal to the Japanese Colonial Archives and the Colonial City Planing Archives in Korea. The purpose of this application to some of sample archives was to develop a useful and effective approach to appraise the archives which were not appraised before they were determined to be "permanent" archives by the Japanese colonial officials. The colonial archives have lost their context and "chain of custody." A large portion of their volume also disappeared. Only thirty thousands volumes survived. The appraisal theories and related issues applied to and tested on these archives are; "original natures" of archives defined by Sir. Hillary Jenkinson, Schellenburg's information value appraisal theory, the re-appraisal theory based on economy of preservation and prospect for use of the archives, function-based appraisal theory and documentation theory, the special nature of the archives as unique, old and rare colonial archives, the intrinsic value of the archives, especially the city planing maps and drawings, and finally, the determination of the city planing archives as permanent archives according to the contemporary and modern disposal authority. The colonial archives tested were not naturally self-proven authentic and trustworthy records as many other archives are. They lost their chain of custody and they do not guarantee the authenticity and sincerity of the producers. They need to be examined and reviewed critically before they are used as historical evidence or any material which documented the contemporary society. Rapport's re-appraisal theory simply does not fit into these rare historical archives. The colonial archives have intrinsic values. Though these archives represent some aspects of the colonial society, they can not document the colonial society since they are just survived remains or a little part of the whole archives created. The functions and the structure of the Government General of Korea(朝鮮總督府) were not fully studied yet and hardly can be used to determine the archival values of the archives created in some parts of the colonial apparatus. The actual appraisal methods proved to be effective in the case of colonial archives was Schellenburg's information value appraisal theory. The contextual and content information of the colonial archives were analysed and reconstructed. The appraisal works also resulted in full descriptions of the colonial archives which were never described before in terms of archival principles.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2014

This study took existing invention intellectual property related textbooks being utilized in secondary vocational education, analyzed the formation status of 'key learning elements' reflection ratio and drew optimum key learning elements formation ratio by invention intellectual property education content required in secondary vocational education in the future. For this, the study task was set up as 'what kind and how much of invention intellectual property key learning elements are in the invention intellectual property textbook education content now and what is the desirable ratio of each key learning elements in the future'. To resolve this task, 3 specialists analyzed the invention intellectual property education content reflection status and optimum reflection ratio by invention intellectual property education content required in the future is suggested by Delphi survey. The results of this study are as following. First, the result of analysis on invention intellectual property key learning elements included in the invention patent recognition books being utilized in secondary vocational education was that the books included all key learning elements; however, some textbooks have the trend of concentrating in D area (problem-solving activities). Second, the result of analysis on the reflection ratio by invention intellectual property education content area in the invention patent recognition books being utilized in secondary vocational education was that there was the trend in most textbooks that they concentrate in intellectual property creation area; while some textbooks deal with intellectual property protection area and intellectual property utilization area. Regarding by achievement type, knowledge area was main in all textbooks. Meanwhile, function area is dealt in invention patent basic, invention and problem-solving and design textbooks. Attitude area is not dealt or is dealt insufficiently in most textbooks. Third, the optimum reflection ratio of invention intellectual property education key learning elements required in secondary vocational education in the future as obtained by specialists' delphi survey was that it is necessary to decrease D (problem-solving activities) 17.7% area, E(invention fusion knowledge) 2.9% area, K(patent application) 6.9% and L(patent information investigation) area 9.6%. Regarding the optimum reflection ratio of invention intellectual property education content, it is suggested that the invention literacy area 3.1%, intellectual property creation area 4.5% and intellectual property protection area 10.6% would be decreased; while intellectual property utilization area 17.7% would be increased. Regarding optimum reflection ratio of achievement type, it is suggested that knowledge area 52% would be decreased; while function area 32.3% and attitude area 19.6% would be increased.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2002

Purpose : To analyze the clinical results of treatment for the osteochondritis dissecans of femoral condyle by age, the type of lesion and method of treatment. Methods : From March 1991 to February 2000, 17 patients (20 cases) with osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle were followed up over 1 year. Three patients had bilateral lesion. There were 12 cases with trauma history (9 cases with sports injury and 3 cases with direct trauma). The initial symptoms were pain, clicking, locking, giving way in the order of frequency, pain was revealed in all cases. Clinical evaluation of IKDC and Hughston method were used for subjective and objective function. Results : The number of male patient was 12, and the mean age was 19.8 year old (11$\~$50). The location of the lesion was 14 cases in medial femoral condyle and 6 cases in lateral femoral condyle. The arthroscopic findings of the lesion in 15 cases were as follows, early separation in 6 cases, partially detachment in 4 cases, and crators and complete detachment in 5 cases. 5 cases were treated with mutiple drilling and 5 cases with Herbert screw fixation, 3 cases with Herbert screw fixation and bone graft. In early stage, 7 cases were treated with conservative method. In the grading of Hughston score, 6 cases were graded as excellent, 9 cases as good, 15 cases were graded as good to excellent. Based on the IKDC scale, 1 case was graded as normal, 6 as nearly normal, and 10 as abnormal. Conclusions : The trauma seemed to be important factor in occurrence of osteochondritis dissecans of the femoral condyle. The clinical results of juvenile period showed better than adolescence and adult period, it is necessary to detect the lesion as soon as possible. The result of subjective evaluation was worse than the Hughston evaluation. It was caused by limiting involvement of sports activity and limited activity in the adolescence.