• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2009

A series of three-dimensional numerical simulations using a generalized multidimensional hydrodynamic dispersion numerical model is performed to simulate effectively and to evaluate quantitatively impacts of urbanization on density-dependent groundwater flow and salt transport in a coastal aquifer system, Suyeong-Gu, Busan, Korea. A series of steady-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport before urbanization with material properties of geologic formations, which are established by numerical modeling calibrations considering all the urbanization factors, is performed first without considering all the urbanization factors. A series of transient-state numerical simulations of groundwater flow and salt transport after urbanization is then performed considering the urbanization factors individually and all together. Finally, the results of both numerical simulations are compared with each other and analyzed. The results of the numerical simulations show that density-dependent groundwater flow, salt transport, and seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifer system are intensively and extensively impacted by the urbanization factors. Especially, these urbanization factors result in the changes of the total groundwater volume and salt mass in the coastal aquifer system. However, such impacts of each urbanization factor are not spatially uniform but locally different.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.131-164
• /
• 2005

The central focus of this research paper is to explore the recent structural core empirical unemployment reason of IT new professional manpower who graduated in higher education level in Korea. The final goal of this issue is to estimate and analyze rambling impediment in IT manpower labor market between 26 detail occupations and between detail occupations and 3 educational levels of new graduates and entrants who entered in IT 6 occupational groups composing 26 particular occupations. This study uses the 2004 data published by the Ministry of ICT and relies upon both one-way analysis of variance and two-way analysis variance to tackle the issue. According to the ANOVA results, 2 main points were delineated In the one-way analysis of variance method. the total sum of squares (SST) is decomposed into two major components: within sum of squares (SSW) (6 detail occupations, 85%) and between sum of squares (SSG) (26 detail occupation, 15%) The other major finding is that total sum of squares (SST) is decomposed into three major components: between detail occupations (SSG) (19.3%), between educations (SSB) and errors (SSE) (56%) in IT SIW development design group.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.7820-7830
• /
• 2015

Korean households' demand for food consumed away from home is on the steady increase. The ratio of eating-out expenditure of the household income, however, tends to decrease recently irrespective of income groups. This paper, therefore, aims to analyse the food-away-from-home expenditures of salary and wage earners' households by income decile group. The eating-out expenditure is modelled as a function of household income and then estimated using econometric methods such as regression, rolling regression, impulse response, and variance decomposition of forecast error. The regression results indicate that the higher the income decile group is, the lower the income elasticity of eating-out expenditure is, and the high income groups enjoy seasonal eating-out, the low groups do not. The coefficients of dynamic rolling regression are much smaller than those of static one, meaning that households tend to decrease the eating-out expenditure of their income. The impulse response analysis suggests that the eating-out expenditure increase of higher income groups lasts long relative to that of lower income groups. The variance decomposition, also, shows that household income plays much more important role in determining eating-out expenditure at the higher income groups than at the lower income groups.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.158-164
• /
• 1996

The magnetic and magneto-optical properties of the Tb/Co multilayers as a function of the layer thickness and the ratio of Tb/Co thicknesses were studied. When the thickness of Tb layer was $12{\AA}$, the maximum perpendicular anisotropy energy and the maximum thickness ratio which displays the perpendicular anisotropy were obtained. This result indicated that the Tb-Tb and Co-Co pairs as well as the Tb-Co pairs contribute to the perpendicular anisotropy. The Kerr rotation angle, $({\theta}_k)$ was proportional to the perpendicular anisotropy energy and was inversely proportional to the average spin dispersion angle, $(\alpha)$. The maximum $({\theta}_k)$ of $0.28^{\circ}$ was obtained in the film of $12{\AA}$ Tb and the thickness ratio of 1.55. The abnormal hysteresis loops were appeared during the aging treatment because the coercivity difference between the Co layer and the Tb layer was increased by the preferential oxidation of Tb.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.114-121
• /
• 2009

Ultrasonic guided waves have been widely utilized for long range inspection of structures. Especially, development of array guided waves techniques and its application for long range gas pipe lines(length of from hundreds meters to few km) were getting increased. In this study, focusing algorithm for array guided waves was developed in order to improve long range inspectability and accuracy of the array guided waves techniques for long range inspection of gas pipes, and performance of the developed techniques was verified by experiments using the developed array guided wave system. As a result, S/N ratio of array guided wave signals obtained with the focusing algorithm was increased higher than that of signals without focusing algorithm.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.2A
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2007

As wireless networks evolve to orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) systems, inter-cell interference control becomes a critical issue in radio resource management. The allocation of the same channels in neighbor cells cause inter-cell interference, so the channel allocation needs to be taken carefully to lower the inter-cell interference. In distributed channel allocation, each cell independently tries to allocate channels that suffer low interference level. In this paper, under the assumption of static users, we introduce the concept of interference range and use it in designing our two algorithms; basic and combined. The basic algorithm performs interference range detection and determines whether to use the considered channel, while the combined algorithm checks the channel quality in addition to detecting the interference range. The two algorithms dynamically perform channel allocation with low complexity and show good throughput and fairness performance.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2007

New multimedia services over the cellular/WLAN overlay networks require different Quality of Service (QoS). In the cellular/WLAN overlay structure, the main issue of load balancing is to balance the available bandwidth among different networks. In this paper, we propose a new online network management scheme. Our proposed scheme is designed to improve bandwidth utilization by balancing the traffic load between the cellular network and WLANs. Simulation results indicate the superior performance of our proposed framework to strike the appropriate performance balance between contradictory QoS requirements under widely varying diverse traffic loads.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1995

In mobile communication, the performance of QAM technique is poor under deep fading even though Rayleigh channel characteristics are estimated and compensated. In this paper, we analyze the performance of 3/4 Trellis coded 16QAM in Rayleigh channel where burst errors are randomized by bit reversal block interleaver, and TCM coder is designed by computer search to be adequate for Rayleigh channel. The simulation results show that the interleaver has 2dB gain, the modified Viterbi decoder has 2.5dB, and diversity has 9dB gain at $P_{b}b/=10^{-3}$. This indicates that the 3/4 TC 16QAM is applicable to digital mobile communication with good performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.06a
• /
• pp.337-337
• /
• 2010

갈륨-질화물 (GaN) 기반의 고 전자 이동도 트랜지스터 (High Electron Mobility Transistor, HEMT)는 GaN의 큰 밴드갭 (3.4~6.2 eV), 높은 항복전계 (Ec~3 MV/cm) 및 높은 전자 포화 속도 (saturation velocity $-107\;cm{\cdot}s-1$) 특성과 AlGaN/GaN 등과 같은 이종접합구조(Heterostructure )로부터 발생하는 높은 면밀도(Sheet Concentration)를 갖는 이차원 전자가스(Two-Dimensional Electron Gas, 2DEG) 채널로 인해 차세대 고출력/고전압 소자로서 각광받고 있다. 하지만 드레인 쪽의 게이트 에지부분에 집중되는 전계로 인한 애벌린치 할복현상(Breakdown)이 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 AlGaN/GaN HEMT의 항복전압 향상을 위한 방법으로 필드플레이트(Field-Plate) 구조가 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 2D 시뮬레이션을 통한 AlGaN/GaN HEMT의 필드플레이트 구조 최적화를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 ATLASTM 전산모사 프로그램을 이용하여 필드플레이트 길이, 절연체 증류 및 두께에 따른 전류 전압 특성 및 전계 분산효과에 대한 전산모사를 수행하여 그 결과를 비교, 분석 하였다, 이를 바탕으로 기존의 구조에 비해 약 300%이상 향상된 항복전압을 갖는 AlGaN/GaN HEMT의 최적화된 필드 플레이트 구조를 제안하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.02a
• /
• pp.570-570
• /
• 2012

그래핀(graphene)은 육각형의 탄소원자 한층으로 이루어진 이차원 구조체로써 우수한 물리적, 전기적 특성으로 인해 다양한 분야에서 응요을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 특히, 그래핀과 금속 나노입자의 복합구조는 수소 저장체, 가스센서, 연료전지, 화학 촉매등의 다양한 분야에서 응용이 가능하다. 현재까지 그래핀/금속나노입자 복합구조의 제작 방법에는 열증발(thermal evaporation), 전기도금법(electrodeposition), 표면 기능화(surface functionalization)를 이용한 방법이 보고되었다. 하지만 이러한 방법은 긴 공정시간이 요구되며, 나노입자의 크기 분포가 넓다는 단점을 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 화학기상증착법을 통해 합성된 그래핀이 전사된 SiO2 (300nm)/Si 기판에 염화기가 포함된 백금 화합물 분산용액을 스핀코팅(spin-coating)하고 MeV 전자빔을 조사하여 Pt/grapheme 복합구조를 형성하였다. 이 방법은 균일한 크기 분포의 나노입자의 형성이 가능하며, 간단하고, 대면적 공정이 가능하며, 다른 방법에 비해 그래핀의 결함형성이 적다는 장점을 지닌다. Pt/grapheme 의 기하학적 구조를 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy)와 투과전자현미경(transimission)을 통해 분석하였고, Pt와 graphene의 일함수(workfunction)의 차이에 의해 야기되는 전하이동에 의한 도핑(doping)현상을 라만 분광기(Raman spectroscopy)와 X-선 광전자 분광기(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy)를 통해 분석하였다.