• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.289-301
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• 2011

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the MRI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the MRI test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the MRI test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that feeling, that is, tension. These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the magnetic resonace imaging(MRI) test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2017

This study is a research based on the non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design whose purpose is to examine the effects of music therapy on the anxiety of patients who take the Intravenous Urography test and their feeling of discomfort during the test. "The first hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be lower in score for anxiety during the Intravenous UrographyI test than the control group who do not was supported because after the therapy, the experimental group was found significantly decreased in that score in comparison to the control group. "The second hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be fewer in vital signs after the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was rejected in terms of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. But the same hypothesis was partially supported because the two groups showed a significant difference in pulse rate after the test. "The third hypothesis that the experimental group who receive music therapy will be less in the feeling of subjective discomfort during the Intravenous Urography test than the control group who do not" was verified to find that the two groups were significantly different from each other in the feeling. Specifically, there was a significant difference between the two groups in only one sub-area of that These findings suggest that music therapy could be an alternative method which can effectively reduce the state anxiety of patients during the Intravenous Urography test.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.239-248
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• 2018

Many new technologies are studied with the arrival of the 4th industrial revolution. In particular, emotional intelligence is one of the popular issues. Researchers are focused on emotional analysis studies for music services, based on artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. However, they do not consider how we recommend proper music according to the specific emotion of the user. This is the practical issue for music-related IoT applications. Thus, in this paper, we propose an probability-based music emotion classification technique that makes it possible to classify music with high precision based on the range of emotion, when developing music related services. For user emotion recognition, one of the popular emotional model, Russell model, is referenced. For the features of music, the average amplitude, peak-average, the number of wavelength, average wavelength, and beats per minute were extracted. Multiple regressions were derived using regression analysis based on the collected data, and probability-based emotion classification was carried out. In our 2 different experiments, the emotion matching rate shows 70.94% and 86.21% by the proposed technique, and 66.83% and 76.85% by the survey participants. From the experiment, the proposed technique generates improved results for music classification.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.105
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• pp.373-400
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• 2008

This essay is an analysis on Daoist deconstructivism and Confucian constructivism about music and language. (1) Daoist criticizes that the Confucian constructive music and language fail to describe original sounds and original facts of doing nothing (wuwei, 無爲). According to Daoist, music and language can be an instrument to describe true facts in the world. So Daoists try to attain a state of 'seeing things as things themselves (yiwuguanwu, 以物觀物)' by 'forgetting oneself (wangwo, 忘我).' (2) However Confucian music and language is a part of one's life. Confucians try to get truth, goodness, and beauty by exercising one's music and language. Confucian music is associated with political and moral development in society. The Confucian genres of poetry (shi, 詩), appealing letter (shu, 疏), declaring writing (biao, 表), record (ji, 記), and written words (ci, 詞) are processes of developing one's life. Further, Confucian rhetoric of 'Xing (興)' in writing poem shows that one's language can be developed in contexts of one's life. (3) Although music and language is associated with human subjective narratives as if Confucians say, diverse narratives of different subjectivity cannot appear in one's lives if all kinds of narrative is absorbed in Confucian absolute ideological slogan to devide things into good and bad. Accordingly, the Confucian view of music and language can develop diverse narratives when it does not show an inclination toward moral dichotomy preunderstood by Confucian ideology.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to analyze the literature on music interventions for youth with intellectual disability. Characteristics of the music intervention, target goal domains, and the quality of statements on intervention contents and rationale were explored. What type of intervention was applied in each target goal domain and how studies differed in terms of the quality of stated rationales depending on the authors' field of study were also analyzed. A total of 20 articles published in KCI journals were identified. The analysis showed the differences in intervention contents depending on the authors' research field and target goal areas. In addition, it was found that only two studies stated an appropriate rationale based on the theory of music therapy and relevant research. Discrepancies on the quality of rationale between researchers with music therapy majors and with non-music therapy majors indicated the importance of the music therapy professionalism in expecting and interpreting the intervention outcomes. These findings highlight the ways in which music intervention studies could be improved to further the field and contribute to the rigor of these interventions for youth with intellectual disability.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate how primary caregivers of children with developmental disabilities aged 6 to 18 years perceived on tele-music programs in which their children participated during COVID-19. A total of 83 caregivers who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study responded to a survey either on-line or in person and 67 questionnaires were included in the final analysis after deleting 16 incomplete responses. The results showed that tele-music programs were rated somewhat suitable for distance learning but that there was still a need for adult assistance to help children with developmental disabilities participate in the program. When comparing the perceptions of caregivers who participated in remote general education versus who participated in tele-music program, significantly higher level of program engagement and positive responses from a child were perceived with tele-music program. The caregivers who participated in tele-music program showed significantly greater willingness to participate in tele-music therapy in the future than those who did not. The findings of this study presents information on how tele-music therapy has been implemented to children with disabilities and what can be considered for the the development of a tele-music therapy program.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.37-46
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• 2020

The purpose of this survey was to examine the trend, purpose, and overall needs on the use of music by the baby boomer generation. On 87 participants aged from 57 to 66 living in five cities of Korea, online and offline surveys were conducted. As a result, first, the baby boomer generation mostly listened to popular music on their mobile phones when taking a rest alone, and it has been confirmed that the purpose of music use was for happiness, hobby, confidence, and fulfillment in order. Second, there was shown that the baby boomer generation hope to do singing and lyric-discussion in a club setting. Third, for the purpose of music use according to genders, there was found that female participants more significantly focused on volunteering than male. It is meaningful that this study could provide basic data to develop music programs considering characteristics of the baby boomer generation.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-43
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• 2021

The purpose of this case study was to examine whether an interactive music-making intervention using GarageBand was applicable to improve the social communication skills of school-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Two children with ASD (both male, ages = 8 and 11 yrs.) participated in this study. The interactive music-making intervention included three stages: 1) musical imitation, 2) musical expression and coordination, and 3) musical interaction. Each session lasted 40 minutes, and sessions took place twice a week over 4 weeks. The participants' social communication behaviors were observed and analyzed in terms of exchanging ideas with each other. Engagement in interactive behaviors (e.g., turn-taking, imitating or reflecting the investigator's music, and creating one's own music using the motive from the investigator) during music making was also analyzed. During the sessions, increases in the attempts to express their opinions on music making processes and requests for help for the process were observed. Engagement in turn-taking form of interactive playing and reflecting the musical motive from a partner (i.e., investigator) were also improved. The Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) ratings indicated negative social behaviors decreased after intervention in both participants. The findings of this study suggest that interactive music-making activities using GarageBand can be an effective method in clinical practice to improve social communication skills for school-aged children with ASD.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1182-1187
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• 2006

본 논문은 필립스의 오디오 핑거프린트 추출 방식을 기반으로 기존의 방식이 주파수 영역을 너무 조밀하게 분석하는 특징을 지적하고 개선 방안으로 양자화를 통해 필터 뱅크의 에너지 변화율을 오디오 핑거프린트 추출시 반영하는 방법을 제안하였다. 또한 제안된 알고리즘을 사용하여 PDA 로 실제 어플리케이션을 구현하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 제안된 방식은 필립스 방식과 동일한 메모리 크기를 유지하기 위하여 필터 뱅크의 개수를 33 개에서 17 개로 줄이고 필터 뱅크의 변화량을 2 비트로 할당하는 방식을 사용하였다. 변화량을 비트에 할당하기 위하여 음악 데이터 베이스로부터 추출된 각 밴드의 pmf를 통해 음악의 고유성을 최대로 증진 시킬 수 있는 임계치를 찾아내고 이것을 바탕으로 필터 뱅크의 변화량을 2 비트로 할당하였다. 이 같이 추출된 오디오 핑거프린트를 기반으로 PDA 와 음악 검색기 서버와의 통신을 이용하여 사용자가 요청한 쿼리 음악에 관련된 정보를 제공하는 시스템을 구현했다. 제안된 방식은 다양한 주변 잡음 환경에서 평가되어 기존의 필립스 방식 보다 성능 향상 물론 검색 속도 또한 개선되는 특징을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.101-102
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• 2014

현재 인간의 감성표현을 위한 수단중의 하나인 음악이 인간의 감성반응을 자극하는데 어떠한 역할과 기능을 하는가에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구는 창작자 입장에서 감성 표현 시 음악의 요소들이 어떻게 활용되는지를 분석하고 각 의도된 정서 및 요소가 청취자의 감성반응으로 나타나는지를 연구하였다. 대표적인 음원 사이트인 네이버, 멜론, 엠넷에서 두 달 이상 5위안에 랭크된 곡들을 선정하였다. 선전된 각 곡들을 음악 전문가집단 대상에게 설문 조사하여 각 곡에 사용된 음악적 특징과 분석하고 각 요소 별 감성을 수집하여 연구 분석하였다. 이러한 연구를 토대로 창작자가 의도하는 감성과 청취자의 감성 반응에 대한 상관관계를 밝히는데 유용한 자료가 될 것이다.