• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.10
• /
• pp.1618-1625
• /
• 2004

Beans are acknowledged to be food resources, which have more abundant proteins and fats. The constituent parts of beans (i.e. aspartic aid, glycine, arginine) are effective against diabetes, and dietary fiber contained in the beans has an important property to maintain insulin sensitivity. Based on these, using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, this study examined how the rat-eye soybean, which is principal products of the Imsil province, is effective to attenuate and/or prevent the development of diabetes mellitus. We divided rats into the non-diabetic and diabetic group, and diabetic group was further subdivided into six experimental groups [DC, diabetic control; DI, diabetes with insulin treatment (4∼6 IU/rat); DB, diabetes with black bean; DY, diabetes with yellow soybean; DS, diabetes with rat-eye soybean; DSS, diabetes with vinegar-fermented rat-eye soybean. All bean treatment (1.5 mg/l g body weight).]. Food efficiency ratio (FER), body weight and insulin sensitivity in diabetic rats were significantly reduced compared to those in normal control animals. These reductions were obviously attenuated by administration of a variety of beans used in this study (20∼30%), and the recovery effects were comparable to the results obtained by insulin treatment. Taken together, this study suggests that all beans used may have an essential property to improve and/or attenuate the development of diabetes mellitus in rats.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.306-315
• /
• 1999

Purpose: We performed this study to evaluate the process of radiation induced apoptosis in A431 skin epithelial cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Low to high dose radiation (0, 2, 5, 10, 25 Gy) was given to A431 cells by Cs-137 cell irradiator. Apoptosis was evaluated by cell morphology, dye exclusion test, and DNA laddering. Results: Cell viability decreased as the radiation dose increased. Number of apoptotic bodies increased as radiation dose increased. It increased most significantly at 12 hours after irradiation. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in culture medium increased according to radiation dose and time after irradiation. DNA ladders could be identified in irradiated cells, but, it had no correlation with radiation dose or time after irradiation. Conclusion: Radiation-induced apoptosis which was the main course of cell death in A431 cells could be analyzed quantitatively by counting apoptotic bodies under microscope. Apoptosis increased as radiation dose increased.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To determine the clinical significance of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in the pediatric population. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with invasive fungal infections administered with voriconazole from July 2010 to June 2012 were investigated retrospectively. Fourteen received TDM, and 143 trough concentrations were analyzed. All 28 patients were assessed for adverse events and treatment response six weeks into treatment, and at the end. Results: Out of 143 samples, 53.1% were within therapeutic range (1.0-5.5 mg/L). Patients administered with the same loading (6 mg/kg/dose) and maintenance (4 mg/kg/dose) dosages prior to initial TDM showed highly variable drug levels. Adverse events occurred in 9 of 14 patients (64.3%) in both the TDM and non-TDM group. In the TDM group, voriconazole-related encephalopathy (n=2, 14.3%) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation (n=8, 57.1 %) occurred with serum levels in the toxic range (>5.5 mg/L), whereas blurred-vision (n=2, 14.3%) occurred within the therapeutic range (1.18 mg/L and 3.9 mg/L). The frequency of voriconazole discontinuation due to adverse events was lower in the TDM group (0.0% vs. 18.2%, P =0.481). Overall, 57.2% of the patients in the TDM group versus 14.3% in the non-TDM group showed clinical response after 6 weeks (P =0.055), whereas 21.4% in the TDM group versus 14.3% in the non-TDM group showed response at final outcome (P =0.664). In the TDM group, >67.0% of the serum levels were within therapeutic range for the first 6 weeks; however 45.5% were within therapeutic range for the entire duration. Conclusion: Routine TDM is recommended for optimizing the therapeutic effects of voriconazole.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 1969

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of phosphate and potash firtilizers applied on yields and quality of leaf tobacco. It was done at all varying levels of phosphate and potassium fertilizers $S_0$ (non-fertilizer plot);N:P:K=0:0:0 (Kg/10a) $S_1$ (1/2 amount plot);N:P:K=10:7.5:10 (Kg/10a) $S_2$ (standard plot);N:P:K=10:15:20 (Kg/10a) $S_3$ (1.5 times plot);N:P:K=10:22.5:30(Kg/10a) $S_4$ (2.0times plot);N:P:K==10:30:40 (Kg/10a) Urea was applied as nitrogen, triple superphosphate as phosphate, potassium sulfate as potash source. The total amount of fertilizers was applied as basal dressing per one plant. This experiment was carried out by using randomized block design with 3 replication. The results obtained in terms of yields and quality are summarized as follows. 1. By increasing the amounts of phosphate and potassium fertilizers, growing status of the largest leaf length, the largest leaf width and stem size of tobacco increased in the order of $S_4>S_3>S_2>S_1>S_0$. 2. By increasing the amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizers, yield was increased in the order of $S_4>S_3>S_2>S_1>S_0$, This increase showed generally high significance among various levels of treatments. 3. The regressive equation was derived from the relationship between treatment levels and tobacco leaf yield. The most desirable treatment level for the maximum yield was estimated as the 2.87 times as much as the treatment level of phosphate and potasium fertilizers of standard plot. 4. By increased application of phosphate and potash fertilizers, the contents of $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in the tobacco leaf became greater while the content of nicotine was decreased. Thus, a negative correlation between fertilizer application and nicotine content has been observed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.979-985
• /
• 1997

Between October 1991 and May 1995, 256 "New Duromedics Valve"(Edward TEKNA Bileaflet Valve) were implanted in 208 adult patients(171 mitral, 82 aortic and 3 tricuspid) with age ranging from 18 years to 70 years(mean 48.2$\pm$ 11.6 years). Postoperative complication rates were 12.2%, but there was none valve related one. Overall early mortality rate were 1.4%(1.6% for MVR, 2.1% for DVR, and none for AVR or TVR) respectively. Follow-up was 99% completed ranging in duration from 2 months to 46 months. There were 6 valve-related late complications(2.9%) with 2 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, 2 with cerebral thxomtioembolism, 1 with valve thrombosis and 1 with valve endocarditis. Freedom from these valve-related major complications were 89.9% at 40 months. There were 5 late deaths(2.4%). one of these late deaths was considered valve-related. Overall actuarial survival rates at 40 months were 95.5%, 96.8% for mitral, 97.1% for aortic, 100% for tricuspid, and 92.0% for double valve replacement respectively. Preoperative New York Heart Association functional class were 2.9, and 1.3 in post-operative state. We have been trying to keep the international normalized ratio(INR) with range of 2.5 to 3.0. The INR of 4 patients of 5 with anticoagulant ralated complications was beyond the range. To reduce the rate of anticoagulant related complications, we felt very strongly that the INR should be kept between 2.5 and 3.0. In our cases, there was no structural failure or significant hemolysis in the absence of periprosthetic leak. This experience encourages us to continue using the "New Duromedics Valve".omedics Valve".uot;.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.38 no.6
• /
• pp.560-565
• /
• 1993

This study was conducted to obtain basic information for breeding materials on the oil quality improvement of perilla seeds. Oil contents and omega(${\omega}$)fatty acid compositions of seeds were investigated to 317 varieties of domestic perillas. Oil contents of 317 perilla varieties ranged from 35.6 to 55.3 with 44.5% of varietal mean. The major omega fatty acids contained in the oil were oleic acid(${\omega}$-9) 15.2%, linoleic acid(${\omega}$-36) 13.9% and linolenic acid(${\omega}$-3) 63.1% in the mean value. Varietal variation of $\omega$-9, 6 and 3 fatty acids ranged of 9.5～21.4%, 9.1～20.4% and 50.6～70.5% respectively. Unsaturated fatty acid were averaged 92.2% of seed oil in fatty acid composition. The ratios of ${\omega}$-6 to ${\omega}$-3 ranged of 0.13～0.34%(0.22% in mean value). The highest linolenic acid variety was Yecheonjong being 70.5%. The lowest variety in rations of ${\omega}$-6 to ${\omega}$-3 was Goseongjong being 0.13%. Oil content showed positive correlation with stearic acid and linolenic acid, while the negative correlation with oil content and linoleic acid. On the other hand, A significant negative correlation were showed between lionolenic acid and the ratios ${\omega}$-6 / ${\omega}$-3 fatty acid, saturated fatty acid. Saturated fatty acid was highly correlated with unsaturated fatty acid negatively being r=-0.723$^{**}$

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.441-449
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to find the changes of growth, seed yield and several characteristics of sesame by leaf spray of boron as a solution which is likely to be lack in the soil. It is carried out at low land developed 5 years ago. The amount of 200l /l0a boron as boric acid is sprayed in each treatment at the 11 node stage of sesame in main stem. The spraying concentrations of boric acid are 0.0, 0.2 and 0.4% in each treatment of the level low plot and the ridge height 15cm plot. The result shows that leaf area is increased in proportion to the concentration of boric acid in each treatment of the level low and the ridge height 15cm, and the degree of increase of each node order is remarkable in lower leaves and is more remarkable in the treatment of level low plot. The effects of leaf spray of boric acid are not only the increase of leaf area but also dry weight, no. of capsule per plant, 1,000 grains weight of capsule setting under middle position. As a result, the amount of seed is increased in 53% in the treatment of level low. The change of major characteristics according to leaf spray of boric acid is generally great in the treatment of level low. Especially the increase of leaf area in the part of upper leaves and low leaves is effective to improve other characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2014

This study investigated the nutritional components and physicochemical characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke. The moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and carbohydrate content of the Jerusalem artichoke were $5.06{\pm}0.08$, $8.30{\pm}0.26$, $0.70{\pm}0.16$, $5.04{\pm}0.03$, and 80.90%, respectively. The total sugar content of Jerusalem artichoke was $50.48{\pm}1.11$ mg/g, and the Hunter color space coordinates were $L=94.16{\pm}0.03$, $a=0.32{\pm}0.01$ and $b=0.30{\pm}0.01$. The water binding capacity and water activity of the Jerusalem artichoke were $4.06{\pm}0.16$ g/g and $0.245{\pm}0.005$, respectively. The total amino-acid content of the Jerusalem artichoke was $1.337{\times}10^4$ mg/kg, and essential amino acid was 2,737 mg/kg. The total free sugar of the Jerusalem artichoke was 4.12%. Linoleic acid (0.21%) was found to be a common fatty acid in the Jerusalem artichoke. Among the minerals, potassium (2,489 mg%) was found to be the most abundant in the Jerusalem artichoke. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were $3.06{\pm}0.07$ mg GAE/g and $1.89{\pm}0.03$ mg QE/g, respectively. The vitamin C content of the Jerusalem artichoke was $3.43{\pm}0.07$ mg%.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.3
• /
• pp.129-150
• /
• 1985

The present investigation was conducted to provide a systematic approach necessary to establish an integrated insect pest management program of barley in Korea. Some ecological surveys on insect pests of barley have been undertaken at the field of Experimental Station, Ky$\check{o}$ngbuk Provincial Office of Rural Development as a fixed point survey area, and at 23 localities for round survey throughout southern and central Korea from 1983 to 1984. Previously known insects injurious to barley in Korea were revised and the population dynamics of 10 dominant harmful species were analyzed according to either 24 localities or 25 cultivars respectively by using several sampling methods of net sweeping, black light traps, yellow water pan traps and visual counting. As the results, a total of 94 species belonging to 77 genera under 32 families are known to be injurious to barley, among them 20 species are newly added here. In the population density level, the dominant species were disclosed as Laodelphax striatellus (43.1 %), Macrosiphum avenae(27.0 %), Rhopalosiphum padi(6.5 %), R. maidis(5.4 %), Psammolettix strialus(2.7 %), Chlorops oryzae(2.2 %), Agromyza albipennis(2.1 %) Phyllotreta nemorum(1.4 %), Chaetoenema cylindrica(1.0 %), Dolycoris baccarum(1.0 %) in order. For the general abundance of major insect pests, it was highest in the cultivar P'aldal whereas lowest in Milyang #22. There were tendencies that Psammotettix striatus, Dolycoris baccarum, Phyllotreta nemorum and Chaetocnema cylindrica represented a maximum increase in the beginning of June, while Chlorops oryzae and Agromyza albipennis showed in the middle of May but aphids were in the end of May. In the dominance of natural enemies, Nabis stenoferus occupied 21.4 % and Propylaea japonica 9.6 %.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.291-297
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to find out the environmental factors affecting the differences in the half-life of the insecticide cyfluthrin in soil between field and laboratory tests carried out in 1998. Degradation and leaching of cyfluthrin in soil were examined under various environmental conditions that were considered to affect the residuality. Cyfluthrin was degraded 1.9 times faster in non-sterilized soil than in sterilized soil and 1.2 times at $25^{\circ}C$ than at $15^{\circ}C$. The half-lives of cyfluthrin were 61.4 days under the dark condition and 4.5 days under sunlight, and those were 11.8 days under the open condition and 23.8 days under the closed condition. The half-lives of the authentic compound and the commercial product of cyfluthrin were 15 and 1 day in the field test and 26 and 3 days in the laboratory test, respectively. Cyfluthrin was rapidly degraded with an increase in soil moisture content and decomposed faster in the alkaline solution of pH 12 than in the acidic solution of pH 3, but the half-life of cyfluthrin did not make any difference between pH 6.4 of the field test soil and pH 5.6 of the laboratory test soil. Cyfluthrin was immobile in soil from the results that $81{\sim}94%$ of the initial amount remained in the $0{\sim}2\;cm$ layer of the soil column regardless of the amount and time of rainfall after the chemical treatments. From viewing the abovementioned results, soil moisture content, sunlight and formulation type affected greatly soil microbes and volatilization affected slightly, and temperature, pH and rainfall did not affect the big difference in the half-life of cyfluthrin in soil between the field and laboratory tests in the year of 1998.