• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.595-628
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• 2011

This study investigates the issues and suggests reform measures in applying CV methods to the Korea Development Institute's (KDI's) Preliminary Feasibility Test (PFT) of public projects. Most public projects on culture, science and environment evaluated under the PFT system belong to the category of "nonstandard" projects whose outputs are non-marketed, and CV is currently the main tool used for their benefit estimation. A careful discussion and investigation is recommended for the selection of target population, payment vehicle, and number of payment times. Operating expert reviews, focus group interviews, and pre-tests is highly recommended to reduce the potential bias involved in the CV studies. A single or double bounded dichotomous choice format is the most popular design of questionnaire, but we identify several undissolved issues in designing and implementing the format. Some other forms of inducing WTPs may still deserve our consideration. Various specifications of the WTP function need to be tried and tested based on their stability, in particular. Employing a nonparametric approach is also recommended. Treatments of 0 or negative WTPs and protest bids are shown to be the most serious issues that affect the estimation results significantly. We review diverse measures of handling those issues and summarize their advantages and shortcomings.

• School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.43-58
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• 2003

This study intends to compare the structure of contents and the way of developing concepts in mathematics textbooks of south and those of north Korea. After thorough investigations of the textbooks from south and north Korea, the following three characteristics were identified. First, the mathematics textbooks of south Korea tends to spread out contents across several grades, while those of north Korea have a tendency of centralization in terms of locating contents Second, in the textbooks of South Korea, mathematics concepts are permeated through real world situations, and students gradually acquire those concepts mostly through activities. This is different from the approach of the north Korean textbooks in which various problems play a key role in explaining concepts. Third, the main strategy of introducing contents in the textbooks of south and that of north Korea corresponds to 'guidance' and 'explanation' respectively. Exploratory questions leading to the concepts are more emphasized in the textbooks of south Korea, on the other hand, meaningful explanations play an important role in the textbooks of north Korea.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.66-76
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• 2023

The government recently implemented policies to improve transportation for the disabled passengers. On the other hand, metropolitan public transport still lacks adequate services for these individuals. Many new cities lack urban rail lines and focus on high-floor buses for expansion. Wheelchair users can only access to double-decker low-floor seat express buses for intercity travel. This study examined the necessity and rationale for introducing low-floor seat buses by estimating the user's willingness to pay through a contingent valuation method. Two methods for eliciting the willingness to pay were adopted: open-ended and dichotomous choice questions. The binomial logit model was used to estimate the willingness to pay. The results indicated that the general public is willing to pay an additional 126.7 Korean won, while the disabled passengers are willing to pay an additional 117.5 Korean won. When translated into annual economic benefits, this amounts to approximately 35 billion Korean won.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.44-55
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• 2009

The research is aimed at investigating the development and application of high school biology classes utilizing discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE, and the corresponding effect on student's academic achievement and attitude toward science. 4 classes of 11th graders in a general high school located in Busan were selected as subjects. Biology I, 'Circulation' unit was lectured for 4 weeks (6 classes), and the experimental group underwent classes utilizing discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE. The control group was taught identical major learning contents, but based on the learning objectives and research activities provided by Biology I textbook. As a result of application, first, the discourse-typed inquiry learning program fitted with POE exhibited positive consequences of linking previously acquired knowledge and the new learning attained through experiments, as well as not only improving the students' problem solving capacity through diverging questions from the teachers to drive the students' higher-level contemplation, but also enhancing student academic achievement by assisting their logical thinking. Second, POE-fitted discourse-typed inquiry learning program rendered presupposing session of the experiment that resulted in drawing learners' attention in advance, and incited active participation in the learning process through solving the contradiction between what was actually observed and what was expected, which eventually proved to lay out positive impact on students' attitude toward science.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-48
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• 2024

Building human-aligned artificial intelligence (AI) for social support remains challenging despite the advancement of Large Language Models. We present a novel method, the Chain of Empathy (CoE) prompting, that utilizes insights from psychotherapy to induce LLMs to reason about human emotional states. This method is inspired by various psychotherapy approaches-Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), Person-Centered Therapy (PCT), and Reality Therapy (RT)-each leading to different patterns of interpreting clients' mental states. LLMs without CoE reasoning generated predominantly exploratory responses. However, when LLMs used CoE reasoning, we found a more comprehensive range of empathic responses aligned with each psychotherapy model's different reasoning patterns. For empathic expression classification, the CBT-based CoE resulted in the most balanced classification of empathic expression labels and the text generation of empathic responses. However, regarding emotion reasoning, other approaches like DBT and PCT showed higher performance in emotion reaction classification. We further conducted qualitative analysis and alignment scoring of each prompt-generated output. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the emotional context and how it affects human-AI communication. Our research contributes to understanding how psychotherapy models can be incorporated into LLMs, facilitating the development of context-aware, safe, and empathically responsive AI.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.411-418
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify contents of Taekwon and to improve specialized knowledges and practical abilities for Taekwondo majoring university students. The sample was categorized into college and student. The first round survey was divided into two parts in finding possible ways to improve practical abilities from students and school authority perspectives. The second round was conducted through survey by dividing respondents into students and school authority. The third round was performed to identify the nessessities and problems in relation to specialized knowledge and practical abilities such as sparring, poomsae, and demonstration. Based on the findings, three critical themes were identified: motivating them to accumulate specialized knowledge, providing opportunities to practice, and offering diverse job directions. Students indicated several critical themes such as recognition of job opportunities in different domains, endeavour to increase communication ability with others in different domains, reconsideration to learn things in different domains, and efforts to take an interests in life-time Taekwondo. The findings provide ideas in applying practical knowledge into the field and in changing students' perception in terms of Taekwondo majoring. They are specialized knowledge and practical ability improvement based upon college authority and students (15 college authority items, 9 student items).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.366-374
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to analyze pre-service elementary school teacher's enjoyment factors experienced in PE classes. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, 30 students attending in G University of Education were selected in this study and data were collected through open-ended questionnaire and in-depth interviews. As a result of the analysis, this study have classified the enjoyment factors of pre-service teachers in PE classes. First, happiness of achievement through physical activity Second, inspiration of self-confidence through praise Third, variety of program presentation for arouse interesting Fourth, desire expression to aggressive physical activity Fifth, personal relationship of PE teacher Sixth, enjoyment of community spirit and interaction.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.79-97
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• 2015

This paper attempts to quantify the economic value of the recreational benefits from the Jangheung dam. To this end, the contingent valuation (CV) survey was administrated to a sample of randomly selected 1,000 households from the national population. We used single-bounded model as a method of eliciting the willingness to pay (WTP) and applied a spike model to deal with zero WTP responses (72.5%) from the CV survey. The respondents were asked to state whether to pay a given amount through additional higher income tax once a year for next ten years. The results show that the annual recreational benefits of the Jangheung dam are estimated to be 1,348 won per household, which is statistically significant at the 1% level. Expanding the value to the national population gives us 24.9 billion won per year.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1560-1570
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences according to lifestyle in anthropometric measurement, dietary attitude, health-related behaviors and nutrient intake among the college students. The subjects were 994 nation-wide college students (male: 385, female: 609) and divided into 7 clusters (PEAO: passive economy/appearance-oriented type, NCPR: non-consumption/pursuit of relationship type, PTA: pursuit of traditional actuality type, PAT: pursuit of active health type, UO: utility-oriented type, POF: pursuit of open fashion type, PFR: pursuit of family relations type). A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self administered questionnaire, and the data were collected via Internet or by mail. The nutrient intake data collected from food record were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. Data were analyzed by a SPSS 12.0 program. Average age of male and female college students were 23.7 years and 21.6 years, respectively. Most of the college students had poor eating habits. In particular, about 60% of the PEAO group has irregularity in meal time. The students in PAH and POF groups showed significantly higher consumption frequency of fruits, meat products and foods cooked with oil compared to the other groups. As for exercise, drinking and smoking, there were significant differences between PAH and the other groups. Asked for the reason for body weight control, 16.2% of NCPR group answered "for health", but 24.8% of PEAO group and 26.3% of POF group answered "for appearance". Calorie, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, calcium and iron intakes of all the groups were lower than the Korean DRIs. Female students in PTA group showed significantly lower vitamin $B_1$ and niacin intakes compared to the PFR group. Therefore, these results provide nation-wide information on health-related behaviors and nutrient intake according to lifestyles among Korean college students.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.46-55
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• 2012

This study proposes an estimate method of willingness to pay(WTP) for real-time route guidance systems using contingent valuation method(CVM) under double bounded dichotomous choice question(DBDCQ) and analysis for impact factors of WTP estimation. This study assumed that provided real-time traffic information service is optimal route concepts dealing with traffic conditions on origin-destination. Analysis targets were classified into two groups as short distance path and middle distance path for estimating WTP for realtime route guidance system in a year using the survival analysis method and the regression model with personal information, actual condition and satisfaction of information usage and users' awareness and usage of facilities. As a result, mean WTP of realtime route guidance system is 4,034won/year in short distance path, and 4,884won/year in middle distance path. Therefore real-time route guidance system for longer distance path is recognized as more valuable than shorter distance path. Moreover, the necessity of information was required on a higher income group and higher WTP was estimated on owners of vehicle group and lower awareness of a route group.