• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.153-195
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• 2010

The recent global financial crisis has been the outcome of, among other things, the mismatch between institutions and the reality of the market in the current global financial system. The International financial institutions (IFIs) that were designed more than 60 years ago can no longer effectively meet the challenges posed by the current global economy. While the global financial market has become integrated like a single market, there is no international lender of last resort or global regulatory body. There also has been a rapid shift in the weight of economic power. The share of the Group of 7 (G7) countries in global gross domestic product (GDP) fell and the share of emerging market economies increased rapidly. Therefore, the tasks facing us today are: (i) to reform the IFIs -mandate, resources, management, and governance structure; (ii) to reform the system such as the international monetary system (IMS), and regulatory framework of the global financial system; and (iii) to reform global economic governance. The main focus of this paper will be the IMS reform and the role of the Group of Twenty (G20) summit meetings. The current IMS problems can be summarized as follows. First, the demand for foreign reserve accumulation has been increasing despite the movement from fixed exchange rate regimes to floating rate regimes some 40 years ago. Second, this increasing demand for foreign reserves has been concentrated in US dollar assets, especially public securities. Third, as the IMS relies too heavily on the supply of currency issued by a center country (the US), it gives an exorbitant privilege to this country, which can issue Treasury bills at the lowest possible interest rate in the international capital market. Fourth, as a related problem, the global financial system depends too heavily on the center country's ability to maintain the stability of the value of its currency and strength of its own financial system. Fifth, international capital flows have been distorted in the current IMS, from EMEs and developing countries where the productivity of capital investment is higher, to advanced economies, especially the US, where the return to capital investment is lower. Given these problems, there have been various proposals to reform the current IMS. They can be grouped into two: demand-side and supply-side reform. The key in the former is how to reduce the widespread strong demand for foreign reserve holdings among EMEs. There have been several proposals to reduce the self-insurance motivation. They include third-party insurance and the expansion of the opportunity to borrow from a global and regional reserve pool, or access to global lender of last resort (or something similar). However, the first option would be too costly. That leads us to the second option - building a stronger globalfinancial safety net. Discussions on supply-side reform of the IMS focus on how to diversify the supply of international reserve currency. The proposals include moving to a multiple currency system; increased allocation and wider use of special drawing rights (SDR); and creating a new global reserve currency. A key question is whether diversification should be encouraged among suitable existing currencies, or if it should be sought more with global reserve assets, acting as a complement or even substitute to existing ones. Each proposal has its pros and cons; they also face trade-offs between desirability and political feasibility. The transition would require close collaboration among the major players. This should include efforts at the least to strengthen policy coordination and collaboration among the major economies, and to reform the IMF to make it a more effective institution for bilateral and multilateral surveillance and as an international lender of last resort. The success on both fronts depends heavily on global economic governance reform and the role of the G20. The challenge is how to make the G20 effective. Without institutional innovations within the G20, there is a high risk that its summits will follow the path of previous summit meetings, such as G7/G8.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.18-41
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• 2011

The Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Korea has begun since1962 when the Cultural Properties Protection Act was established. Korean ICH Safeguarding system is initially derived from Cultural Properties Protection Act in Japan. Japan has started Important ICH Designation System in 1954 to concede the skills and artistic talents holders, thus it could implement the multilateral system management for adopting different ICH protection systems such as Important Intangible Folklore Properties, Selection and Preservation Techniques, and Documenting Records. However, Korea has solely adopted Important ICH Designation System since Cultural Properties Protection Act was introduced. Korean ICH Safeguarding System represented by the Certification System of ICH Skill Holders is to ensure skills and artistic holders who perform the elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and manage the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage in order to let the skills and artistic holders instruct inheritors. As a result, it could build up the internal foundation for the diffusion of inheritors and established the related organizations. However, the inheritor-centered protection system has caused many problems as it is being lasted for more than fifty years. Fragmented designation measures, the cultural power of skill holders, and the research and evaluation methods have pointed out the difficulties of safeguarding and preservation measures of ICH. Moreover,the legitimacy of safeguarding system related in the authenticity of transmission in ICH has emerged to review the safeguarding system of ICH with diverse viewpoints. Therefore, this paper will review the implementation process and achievement of ICH safeguarding system to examine the problem and causes of the safeguarding system. The conference records of Cultural Property Association and articles of cultural properties policies directors, Cultural Property Association members, and professional experts are being used for the initial materials of this paper, and it is examined for the contents of designation system of Important Cultural Heritage, rather than overall cases. Thus such problems the limitation of expansion in ICH lists as inheritor-centered designation system, hierarchical and exclusive transmission system, inappropriate concept of archetype as the principle of ICH transmission are derived from the root of Important ICH designation system. Thus this paper demonstrates that this system must be revised for the expansion of ICH safeguarding system in Korea and points out multilateral protection system should be established as well as Certification System of Important ICH skill holders.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.181-211
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• 1993

증권관리위원회에 신고된 내부자거래는 6개월이내 단기투자에 따른 이익을 회사에 반환하여야 하므로 단기정보를 이용할 가능성이 낮다. 따라서 Fischer(1992)는 상장회사의 임원과 주요주주 등의 주식거래를 증권관리위원회에 신고하도록 하는 제도는 미공개 내부정보를 이용한 내부자거래를 방지하는 효과적 인 방법이라고 주장하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 증권거래소에 신고된 내부자의 거래자료와 상장기업의 기업정보공시자료를 이용하여 내부자의 주식거래가 미공개 내부정보를 이용하고 있는 지를 검토하였다. 1989년부터 1992년까지 4년간 증권거래소에 신고된 상장회사 내부자의 주식거래 중 거래후 1개월내에 기업정보의 공시가 있는 경우를 연구대상으로 한 실증분석결과 이러한 내부자의 주식거래가 일반적으로 미공개된 기업정보를 이용하고 있지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 내부자의 주식 매수 또는 매도후 기업정보 공시시 주가가 상승 또는 하락하는 경우가 각각 약 50%를 차지하고 있으며 내부자의 주식거래후 정보공시 빈도 수도 기대치보다 낮았다. 또한 주식거래에 따른 내부자거래이익은 매도시에는 내부자의 주식거래후 공시된 정보 내용에 따라 결정되며, 정보공시시 주가가 상승하는 비율이 약 50%이고 내부자거래이익이 0보다 작아 매도이후에 주가가 하락할 것이라는 예측은 지지되지 않았다. 내부자거래후 200 거래일까지 누적초과수익률을 분석한 결과에서도 매도시에는 정보이용 가능성이 있지만 매수시에는 내부자거래이익이 작아 정보이용 가능성이 없었다. 또한 내부자종류에 따른 내부자거래이익이 차이가 없어 증권거래소에 신고된 내부자의 주식거래는 곧 공개될 기업정보의 이용과는 관련이 적은 것으로 생각된다.

• 월간 기계설비
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• no.7 s.192
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• pp.39-43
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• 2006

건설산업 선진화를 위한 건설생산체계 개선 공청회가 지난 6월 30일 국토연구원 강당에서 개최되었다. 국토연구원이 주최하고 대한건설협회, 대한설비건설협회, 대한전문건설협회가 후원한 이번 공청회는 향후 건설산업기본법의 개정(안)과 건설산업관련 제도개선에 활용 방안을 도출하기 위하여 마련된 것으로 김재영 국토연구원 선임연구위원이 주제발표를, 김수삼 한양대학교 대외협력부총장이 토론회 진행을 했으며, 최기원 삼건설비(주) 대표이사를 비롯하여 손태락 건설교통부 건설경제팀장, 김명수 가톨릭대학교 경제학과 교수, 유주현 (주)신한건설 대표, 이교선 한국건설기술연구원 수석연구위원, 이상호 한국건설산업연구원 건설정책연구실장, 천길주 현대건설(주) 상무, 황한석 (주)삼중엔지니어링 대표 등이 토론자로 참석하여 열띤 토론을 벌였다. 이날 토론회에서 대한설비건설협회 측 토론자로 나선 삼건설비(주) 최기원 대표는“겸업제한 폐지 등 기존 건설산업기본법의 틀을 근본적으로 바꾸는 것보다 현행법 내에서 제도개선 방안을 강구하는 것이 바람직하나, 정부방침에 의거 겸업제한제도를 폐지할 경우 상대적으로 약자인 설비건설업계를 위한 발주제도를 개선하는 방안 강구가 필요하다”고 강조했다. 최기원 대표는 또“기계설비공사의 경우 상호 실적을 인정해서는 안될 것이며, 실적인정과 관련한 혼선을 최소화하고 문제점 발생시 보완 및 조정을 위한 한시적 조정위원회 설치”를 제안했다. 이와 함께 건설공사 발주방식의 다양성 확보에 대한 의견으로 발주할 때 일반건설업자로 제한해서는 안되며, 다양한 공종과 업종의 건설공사는 통상적으로 전문분야 또는 업종에 따라서 분리발주를 의무화해야 한다고 강조했다. 이날 공청회에서 대한설비건설협회는 플로어 발언을 통해‘설비공사 분리발주를 원칙으로 하고 분리발주가 안될 경우 설비∙전문간의 공동도급으로 원도급시장 참여를 법적으로 보장할 것과 시공관리형 CM업을 신설하여 줄 것’을 건의했다. 건설교통부는 이날 공청회에서 논의된 방안을 중심으로 의견수렴을 거쳐 오는 12월 정기국회서 건설산업기본법을 개정하고 2007년 3월 시행령 등 정비안을 마련할 계획이다. 건교부는 또한 정비안을 바탕으로 다시 업계의 의견을 듣고 내년 상반기중 시행령 및 규칙 등을 개정한 뒤 5~6개월 유예기간을 거쳐 이르면 2008년부터 생산체계 개선방안을 시행한다는 방침이다. 본지는 이날 발표된 건설생산체계 개선방안과 대한설비건설협회의 의견을 게재한다.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1881-1891
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• 2014

Full system of turnkey deliberation committee in 2010 was abolished and permanent Deliberation committee was introduced. So far, ordering organization selected the best method suitable for the design and comprehensive evaluation method in the turnkey bid construction. Comprehensive evaluation method have bid price design score coordination, weighted basis, the best design approach fixed amount, five successful bidder decision method in addition. Design deliberation branch committee in the successful bidder decision way configured and operated branch members of special design consultation committee, But main agent changed from committee deliberation pull system to permanent committee deliberation, as well as and The lobby burden was not improved. This similar to the past at the portion of the design deliberation and the way of the design deliberation in the turnkey bid construction. Therefore it is necessary to improve the design deliberation system. In other words, design score and technology competition should be adapted to determine a successful bid. This study suggested the operating system of the design deliberation, the decision method problems of the successful bidder and ways to improve the design deliberation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.5925-5932
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to develop assessment tools for analyzing society focusing on abilities, not an academic clique. The development of a type of occupational qualification, which is called a working and learning system, for Koreans, can be reliable and acceptable to a variety of society members. This study was conducted by searching for a dual system and examining a qualification system in developed countries. To achieve the goal of this study, the management status according to a type of qualification system was analyzed. In addition, a variety of related laws, related department, testing authority, testing institute, terms of applying for tests, way of testing, committee of testing, testing subjects, criterion for passing tests, a status of qualification test administrated in some developed countries, such as Germany, UK, the USA and Australia, were conducted. The occupational duty of the machine field and education contents are examined by analyzing the occupational duty. In addition, the criterion to solve problems and a way of marking in the field of machines were indicated and an example of written and practical tests is presented. This study makes a blueprint for a qualification system of working and learning at the same time in a national dimension.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.213-223
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• 2018

This study assessed the maintenance plan of the Shimbashi-Toranomon Development Area in Japan, which has recently been completed using the three-dimensional road system. In the main relevant law system, a three-dimensional road system, which enables the construction of buildings above and below the road, was applied. The specific construction regulations applying the financing power and knowledge of private business operators were applied. In the development district, city maintenance guidelines were established, and housing and shopping malls were regulated. This purpose was to promote change, unity of distance, effective use of land, and continuous urban revitalization with charm and vitality. The main features of the maintenance plan were accessibility and greenery, comfort and a sophisticated design, and a maintenance concept utilizing historical buildings and road space through the participation of local residents and the opinions of related committees. In addition, in the case of the construction of the upper and lower roads, the construction restrictions were relaxed, and the separation of the roads and the undergrounding of electric poles were promoted. The main aim was to improve the convenience of the residents and produce a pleasant road landscape.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.236-246
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to help solve the problems of the high school credit system by exploring its operation plans for both career guidance and the effective and efficient operation of the high school credit system. The study's research method was literature research; it examined prior research, public hearings, press releases, the 2015 revised curriculum, and plans to promote the high school credit system by the Ministry of Education. To solve the problems facing the high school credit system, the curriculum should be organized as follows. First, it should be organized around general subjects. Second, students need to be able to study subjects related to their desired fields in depth. Third, it is necessary to confirm the basis for organizing the curriculum. Meanwhile, the following steps should be taken to improve the operation of the high school credit system for career guidance. First, a career curriculum committee for career learning and coaching should be formed and operationalized. Second, the teachers' work system should be restructured. Third, career aspirations should be identified, and directions for further study should be researched. Fourth, career and academic design guidance coaching books should be provided. Fifth, it is the role of the career and academic design guidance teacher. Sixth, emphasis should be placed on responsibility for subject selection and preparation for re-taking program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2012

This paper reviews the implementation of the STCW 78/95 in the Philippine MET including the effects of the revised 2010 Manila Amendments. It discusses the country's maritime environment and the structures, quality of maritime education in the country and the effects on the maritime human resource. Among the various resolutions adopted at the conference, the standards of training and certifications, and promoting skills and competency will be more emphasized in this report. These will be compared with the existing curriculum mandated by CHED and upgrade STCW trainings advised by MTC for maritime institutions. A brief comparison and analysis with other Asian countries' maritime training shall be offered. The recommendation pinpoints to the weaknesses of the present maritime regimes in certification and evaluation of maritime institutions. It concludes with the need to have mutually acceptable evaluation standards in view of developing a competent human resource for the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

IMO is treating various and numerous agenda with time, and the contents of agenda have been tending to achieve international standardization for details of technology, for example GBS(Goal based new ship construction standards), PSPC(Performance Standards of Protective Coating), LRIT(Long-Range Identification and Tracking of Ships), etc. This paper presents the latest agenda trend of IMO committees and analyzes the ROK's activities in response to IMO committees. In the result of analysis, ROK lacks in performance ability as a A-category council member as well as infrastructure to support the government activities in IMO continuously. Therefore, ROK should be conscious of policy approaches to international maritime tendency and needs to complete the internal/external infrastructure which leads the international maritime policy.