• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.463-470
• /
• 2018

The main purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of a group psychomotor training for the visual and auditory attention in children with ADHD. We examined some of the important factors of visual and auditory attention deficits, the Omission Error and False Alarm Error using Kiphard's 6-step program for children with ADHD. The result suggests that a significant decrease in factors involved in visual attention deficits was influenced by the degree of group interaction and the time of examination. However, factors involved in auditory attention deficits were not significantly affected. Our research on the effects of psychomotor program based on the convergent intervention approach suggests that future studies investigate different paradigms of intervention methods for children with ADHD.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.70-81
• /
• 2006

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the cognitive performance, emotional and behavioral problems among the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) groups that show the difference between visual and auditory attention. Method : Using 'ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS)', visual attention and auditory attention of 98 children diagnosed as ADHD were measured. According to the omission and commission error of ADS, they were divided into three groups ; 1) the group whose each visual omission and commission error scores were higher than each auditory omission and commission error scores(VV group), 2) the group whose each auditory omission and commission error scores were higher than each visual omission and commission error scores(AA group), 3) the group that was the rest of VV and AA group(M group). And the results of both the subscales of Korean Educational Development Institute-Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(KEDI-WISC) and the subscales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL) among three groups were compared. Finally, the correlation between the visual omission, visual commission, auditory omission, auditory commission error and the results of KEDI-WISC, K-CBCL were investigated. Results : The results were as follows ; 1) In 98 ADHD children, the number of VV group(N=56) was higher than that of AA (N=10) and M group (N=32). 2) All mean scores of the subscales of KEDI-WISC of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group. The score of verbal IQ(p=.039) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group and the scores of block design(p=.015), Kaufman's factor 2(p=.045), performance IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than those of M group. The score of full IQ(p=.004) were significantly higher than that of M and AA group. 3) The mean scores of all K-CBCL subscales of VV group were higher than those of M and AA group, except the score of Somatic complaint subscale. The score of Social subscale(p=.041) of VV group was significantly higher than that of AA group. The score of Withdrawn subscale(p=.021) of AA group was significantly higher than that of VV group. 4) There were no significant correlation between the scores of visual omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. But, there were many significant correlations between the scores of auditory omission/commission error and those of each subscale of KEDI-WISC. 5) There were significant correlation between the score of the visual omission error and that of Thought problem subscale(r=.205, p=.043) of K-CBCL. There were significant correlation between the scores of the auditory omission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.319, p=.001), Social problems subscale(r=.206, p=.042), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.021). Finally, there were significant correlation between the scores of auditory commission error and those of Social subscale(r=-.241, p=.017), Thought problem subscale(r=.235, p=.020). Conclusion : The ADHD children whose auditory attention ability were higher than visual attention ability had relatively better cognitive performance and less emotional/behavioral problems than the others. The more comprehensive experiment will be needed about the cognitive performance, emotion and behavior problems of the ADHD children showing the difference between visual and auditory attention.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.11B
• /
• pp.1556-1564
• /
• 2001

Reed-Solomon code, block interleaving and SI (side information) are frequently used in SFH (slow frequency hopping) system. Erasing those symbols in the hit frequency slot greatly increases the error connection capacity. Packet error rate has been the major performance measure for SFH system. The analysis of BER has been limited to the case of perfect Sl, in which neither miss nor false alarm exists. BER with imperfect Sl has been obtained only by Monte Carlo simulation. In this paper, we present a unified solution to estimate BER with imperfect Sl. It is shown that previous formulae for packet error rate or BER with perfect Sl are special cases in the proposed solution. The computed BER with false alarm and miss of frequency hit is verified by comparing with the simulation result.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2013

CR(Cognitive Radio) technology is maximized frequency reuse using unused frequency band. Conventional cooperative spectrum sensing has fixed false alarms. so all cooperative user has equal threshold. This problem is caused degradation of detection probability. so we propose and analysis the system model that false alarm differential setting through CSI(channel state information) for resonable threshold. Simulation results show improvement of detection probability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.527-534
• /
• 2002

In this paper, efficiency in the acquisition of the PN code of the DS/CDMA system was analyzed by using the Nakagami-m probability density function that can model diverse fading channels. The system considers the fading environment that inevitably exists in the mobile communications channel environment. To analyze the efficiency of the system, the equations related to detection probability PD and false alarm probability PFA required for the acquisition of the PN code were induced by using the Nakagami-m probability density function. They were verified through simulation. For the DS/CDMA system an adaptive serial search technique was applied to acquire the PN code. To correct phase error, the equations related to detection probability PD and false alarm probability PFA that influence the time to acquire codes were induced after adding the PLL to each branch of the Rake Receiver. By using an induced equation, detection probability PD and false alarm probability PFA were verified through simulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.403-408
• /
• 2002

In this paper, the performance on the PN code acquisition of DS/CDMA system was analyzed using the Nakagami-m probability density function considered fading environment. The equations on detection probability, $P_D$ and false alarm probability, ($P_{FA}$, decision variables affecting the PN code acquisition time were derived and proved using simulation in order to analyze the performance. In conclusion, It was necessary increasing the gain of PLL for correcting phase errors and improving the acquisition performance of PN code in apply to the rake receiver.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
• /
• 2003.09b
• /
• pp.53-56
• /
• 2003

유사도 혹은 자료간의 거리 개념은 많은 기계학습 알고리즘에서 사용되고 있는 중요한 측정개념이다 하지만 입력되는 자료의 속성들중 순서가 정의되지 않은 범주형 속성이 포함되어 있는 경우, 자료간의 유사도나 거리 측정에 어려움이 따른다. 비거리 기반의 알고리즘들의 경우-C4.5, CART-거리의 측정없이 작동할 수 있지만, 거리기반의 알고리즘들의 경우 범주형 속성의 거리 정보 결여로 효과적으로 적용될 수 없는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 범주형 자료들간 거리 측정을 자료 집합의 특성을 충분히 고려한 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 자료 집합의 선험적인 정보를 필요로 한다. 이런 선험적 정보인 조건부 확률을 기반으로한 거리 측정방법을 제시하고 오류 피드백을 통해서 속성 간 거리 측정을 최적화 하려고 노력한다. 주어진 자료 집합에 대해 서로 다른 두 범주형 값이 목적 속성에 대해서 유사한 분포를 보인다면 이들 값들은 비교적 가까운 거리로 결정한다 이렇게 결정된 거리를 기반으로 학습 단계를 진행하며 이때 발생한 오류들에 대해 피드백 작업을 진행한다. UCI Machine Learning Repository의 자료들을 이용한 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 거리 측정 방법의 우수한 성능을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2010.07a
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2010

Cognitive Radioo(CR)기술은 주파수 자원을 효율적으로 이용하기 위해 Joseph Mitora가 개념을 적립한 것으로 유비쿼터스 시대의 부족한 주파수 자원을 극복 할 수 있는 기술로 각광받고 있다. 이와 같은 무선인지 기술(CR)을 도입하기 위한 핵심적인 요소는 부사용자(Secondary User)가 주사용자(Primary User)의 통신을 방해하지 않도록 주파수 점유 여부를 정확하게 판단하는 Spectrum Sensing기술이다. 이 스펙트럼 센싱 기술에 두 가지 종류의 에러가 발생하는데 하나는 미검출 오류(miss error)이고 또 하나는 오경보 오류(false alarm error)이다. 따라서 본 논문은 이 두 가지를 합친 검출 오류(detection error)를 최소화 하기위해 협력 스펙트럼 센싱(Cooperative spectrum sensing)에서 몇 명 이상의 부사용자가 주사용자가 사용중이라 검출하였을 때 최종 결정이 주사용자가 사용한다고 결론 짓는 것이 최적인지를 수학적으로 분석하고 그 최적의 K값을 사용하여 전체 시스템의 성능을 향상 시키는 방법을 제시 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.104-111
• /
• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare two subtypes of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and controls in their attention using ADHD diagnostic system (ADS), a kind of continuous performance test. Methods : Subjects of this study were 8 children with ADHD-predominantly inattentive type, 28 children with ADHD-combined type and 20 control children. Ages ranged from 5 to 14 years. The Korean Educational Development Institute version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (KEDI-WISC) and the ADS were administered to all subjects to provide measures of intelligence and attention. Results : Significant differences were found in the ADS variables for the three groups. When compared with controls, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive type children scored significantly higher on the omission error at middle stage and later stage and ADHD-combined type children scored significantly higher on the omission error and reaction time at later stage. When compared with the other two groups, the ADHD-combined type children scored significantly higher on the commission error at all three stages. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the two subtypes of ADHD have different features in attention deficit. And there was a possibility that commission error is available variable to show cognitive characteristics of ADHD-combined type than any other ADS variables. Further studies are needed to evaluate this finding.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.91-99
• /
• 2000

Objectives：Present study developed the computerized ADHD Diagnostic System(ADS) in order to diagnose ADHD and evaluate treatment effect of it, and conducted a standardization study for ADS. Methods：The normative group was composed of 847 children and adolescents between the age of 5 and 15(boy 429, girl 418) living in the areas of Seoul, Kyunggi-do, and Kangwon-do. 30 ADHD children with age ranged 7 to 9 years were participated present study to evaluate the validity of ADS. To establish the norms for diagnosing ADHD, the means and standard deviations of normative group were used to calculate T-scores for each age group. Results：The reliability coefficient of ADS(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) was .85. There were significant differences in the measures of ADS except commission error between the normal and the ADHD groups. Three factors were extracted through factor analysis of ADS, which were labelled 'inattention', 'slow information processing' and 'impulsivity'. Discriminant analysis showed that ADS significantly discriminate the normal and the ADHD groups. Percentage of correct classification by ADS variables was 96.7%. Conclusion：These results put together strongly support the reliability and validity of ADS as a diagnostic instrument for ADHD.