• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1051-1058
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• 2021

Barges that are towed by tugs do not have navigation capabilities and are usually connected to tugs. These kinds of combined navigation schemes have generated almost ten percent of all maritime accidents in the last five years. The study aims to reduce maritime accidents with barges towed by tugs by analyzing navigation characteristics and the current status of such combined navigation schemes. The analysis consists of the lesson learned from each verdict. The result of the study emphasizes that human factors continue to be the primary cause of maritime accidents with barges and tugs. Additionally, the research proposes that effective advertising for improving maritime safety by reducing towing barge maritime accidents should be created through associations of tugs and barges. Furthermore, relevant re-training must be conducted by maritime training institutions. The results of the study are expected to apply to the improvement of maritime safety through the advertisements to seafarers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.307-315
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• 2023

Korea controls the departure of vessels based on the Maritime Safety Act such that only ships with seaworthiness can navigate in bad weather, but scientific evaluation results and quantitative basis for the designation of ships subject to control are insufficient. Opinions for improvement are being raised for a reasonable departure control operation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the adequacy of the current departure control standards through actual measurement of tugboats, which are the type of vessels subject to control when a wind and wave advisory is effective, and to present quantitative grounds for improvement of controls. A sensor was installed on the tugboat to measure the ship's three-axis motion and hull acceleration, and the hull motion performance was measured by operating in the sea area with a significant wave height of 3 m. The measured values were compared and analyzed based on seaworthiness evaluation factors and limit value standards. The actual ship was excluded from the current control standard according to tonnage, but as a result of the analysis, the pitch value exceeded the operation standard, and a risk to navigation safety existed. The results of this study suggest the need for additional actual measurement studies that can represent various ship types and specifications and review ship departure control targets.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2000

It is important that effective and rapid response should be taken in the initial stage of the tanker accidents. A towing simulation system is essential to train in-site salvors for tile effective response in the tanker accidents. Training this system will help the marine environment to be protected from the oil pollution which could be proceed further by the secondary accidents. It this study, the towing simulation system using the TIS(Towing vessel Information System) was established, and ground reaction force was calculated using the simplified methods. This system will be useful for evaluation of towing procedures of oil tankers in stranding.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.339-347
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• 2012

After towing rope connecting a barge to a tug was subdivided into multiple finite elements, then those dynamic models was established using Newton's second law and considering the external force and moment such as tension, drag, Coriolis force, gravity, buoyancy, and impact due to free surface acting on each element. While the previous research on the model of towing rope considered only translation, five-degree-of-freedom equations of motion except roll based on the body-fixed frame were established in this paper. All elements are connected by a spring and a damper, and the stiffness of the spring was set as the equivalent value of the real rope. In order to confirm the established multiple finite element model, various scenarios such as freely falling of towing rope in the air and above the free surface, accelerating of a tug which tows a barge connected by towing rope, and sinusoidal moving of a tug were set up and simulated. As the results, the trajectories of the tug, the barge, and the towing rope showed good tendencies to the ones of real expected situations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.538-541
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• 2012

개항질서법은 2011년 6월 15일 개정되어 같은 해 9월 16일 발효되었다. 개정 개항질서법은 적용범위를 개항의 항계 안에서 항계 밖의 항로 및 정박지 등 수역시설까지 확대하였고, 또한 잡종선의 정의를 우선피항선으로 개정하고 우선피항선을 기존의 잡종선에 항내역무선을 포함시켜 정의하였다. 이 글은 우선피항선의 정의와 항법에 대해 살펴보고, 기존 해양안전심판원에서 재결한 해양사고 사례를 통해 개정 개항질서법의 내용과 비교, 검토하였으며, 우선피항선의 정의 및 항법에 대한 개정의견을 제시하고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.523-525
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• 2012

최근 완도 관제구역 내에서는 자주 발생하고 있는 예부선 사고를 관제화면을 통해 분석하여 보았다. 무엇보다도 예부선을 주요 항행위험 유발선박으로 인식하여 관제 우선 선박으로 관리하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 현장사진 위주로 실제적인 예부선의 조종특성과 항행상의 문제점을 알아보았다. 또한 개항질서법 상에 우선피항선으로 규정된 예부선의 법적지위를 고찰함으로써 관제 업무에 도움이 되고자 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.54-56
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• 2019

최근 빈번하게 발생하는 예부선 관련 사고(충돌, 좌주 등)의 사례를 들어 각 사고별 요소별 원인을 분석하고, 향후 재발 방지를 위한 실현 가능한 대책을 제시한다. 또한, 예부선 선원의 고령화, 선박의 노후화 등과 관련해 현재 한국해양수산연수원에서 실시중인 예부선 종사자 교육 기간 및 과정의 적절성에 대한 의견을 제시하며, 마지막으로 선박입출항법, 해사안전법의 예부선 지위 관련 조항을 검토하여 현장의 혼란을 해소할 수 있는 문구로의 법령 개정을 제안함.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2012

One of the primary purposes of tugs is for the towing of other ships in salvage operations. In order to conduct such a task safely, the tug should be capable of generating the appropriate towing forces. Therefore the prediction of resistance against a towed ship during towing operation is a very important and essential procedure. This paper studies the ship resistance calculation program to predict towing force. The calculation program consists of the functions that calculate basic hull resistance in calm water, added resistance due to wind, drifting, hull roughness, waves, shallow water and currents. All predictions are calculated by statistical and empirical methods by graph or formula. The calculation results made by this program are compared with the results from the U.S. Navy's Towing Manual. These results confirm that this computer program is quite capable of appropriately predicting the resistance of damaged ships.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2011

A marine collision accident occurred at the Jin-do water way. A barge loaded with heavy equipment of Power Generation Plant was being towed at its side by two tugs "A" and "B" from Byeg-pa harbour to the designated position to be used for power generation plant near Jin-do bridge. The Power Generation Plant was 40-meters high loaded atop the barge. When the "tugs and tow" were approaching the Jin-do the bridge, the two towing tugs lost maneuvering control of the barge and it went off-course, hit first the waterway embankment and finally struck the lower part of bridge's span and post musing the barge to capsize and sunk its cargo into the sea. The bridge also suffered damages where the top of the Plant struck At the time of the accident, there was a strong tidal current at the waterway. This paper calculates the safe towing force of barges with heavy loads when traversing in a strong tidal current situation in narrow waterway.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2021

The IMO has adopted emission standards that strictly restrict the use of bunker C oil for vessels. Accordingly, research and bunkering pilot projects for LNG fueled ships are being actively carried out, which is expected to substantially reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we have adopted the turret moored Floating LNG Bunkering Terminal (FLBT) designed to receive the LNG from LNGCs and to transfer LNG to LNG bunkering shuttles in ship to ship moored condition. Numerical simulations have been performed with a 1-year return period of wind, wave, and current. Damping values of numerical model were adjusted from the results of model tests to obtain accurate simulation results. The results confirm safe berthing operation during the 1-year return period of environmental condition. Safety depends on the direction of environment, with increasingly stable operation facilitated by the application of heading-control function of FLBT to avoid beam-sea conditions.