• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.767-780
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• 2008

In this study, the structure and management of social group with each town, leadership with self-action and network with external organizations will be the main topic. Especially, the condition which make a communication with external organizations for localization is examined as an example of Mori village. As rice productivity has more serious problems than 1990s, many farming systems changed from rice productions to different kinds, like grapes. Particularly, this market and field started with the exchange system between local farms and cities because of the complex structure of grape circulation and increasing import for extra income. Extra income of farming is started to increase because of exchange program between local towns and cities. But, those works are concentrated on one or two leaders. It could be a burden for them. So. we need to change this into new system which the work is not concentrated to few leaders but distribute to everyone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.166-176
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• 1997

To investigate the vegetation structure of Fraxinus mandshurica communith, twenty plots were set up and surveyed in the valley of Mt. Minjuji area that rises 700~1,100m above the sea level. Each plot has 100m$^{2}$ in size. By using the TWINSPAN of classification technique, total plots was divided into six communities. In the species composition analysis, it was expected that F. mandshurica community would derive from Quercus mongolica community. The F. mondshurica community was composed together of Carpinus laxiflora, Acer mono and Cornus controversa. It was turned out that F. mandshurica community was edaphic climax because the competition species not appeared. In the DBH distribution analysis, F. mandshurica appeared through all layers, and species diversity showed lower index(Shannon's index 0.72~0.82) because the community was stable. The number of mean individuals and species was about 111.5 and 11.0 per 100m$^{2}$ respectively.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.95-109
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• 2011

The building for the Sutra appeared as the Sutra-belief became popular in the early years of the Koryo Dynasty. According to the written documents, there were two types of apparatus to keep sutras, one by fixing the cabinet to the wall and the other by rotating the cabinet at the center of the hall. There are no remains. Recently, at the excavation of the site of the Yeongguk Temple (寧國寺) in the Chungcheong Prevince (영동군), a building which was presumed as the Sutra Hall was recovered at the side of the Main Hall. At the center of the building, of 6meters width and 6meters depth, there was a large stone which had a round trace which was presumed to supporting the rotating sutra-case cabinet. By examining the concerned situations, this building was concluded as the Sutra Hall of the temple. The Yeongguk Temple had a close relationship with the royal household. Budddhist monk Gwangji, son of the 16th King Yejong was lived at the Temple. the tomb of King's advisory priest Wongak was also erected at the Temple. Two monks were well known as the defender of the Sutra. The Sutra Hall of the Yeongguk Temple regarded as a significant example which showed us how the archtectural aspect of the Sutra Hall was shaped in the Koryo Dynasty. It could be said that revealing the architectural aspect of the Stura Hall will help revealing the Buddhist architecture of the Koryo Dynsty which is veiled in many field.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.401-410
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is to clarify the relationship between participation motivation of physical education and welfare service participants and physical health, emotional health and satisfaction of living in an integrated structure. The following results were obtained from the actual analysis by voting for general adult males and females participating in the National Physical Fitness 100 program. It was found that the external motivation had a positive effect on physical health and emotional health, internal motivation had a positive effect on physical health and satisfaction of life. It was found that physical health had a positive effect on emotional health and satisfaction of life and emotional health had a positive effect on the satisfaction of life. Therefore, participants participating in welfare services are expected to maintain their physical fitness and health through of National Physical Fitness 100 program physical strength and to improve the satisfaction of life and emotional health.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.57-60
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• 2007

Interest in chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta) biology I Korea has increased since the establishment of the Yangyang Inland Hatchery of the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute during mid 1980s. The enhancement program of chum salmon was expanded thereafter, so that chum salmon were transplanted 18 streams in the coast of the Korean Peninsula. However, ecological research on salmon species was very limited due to the lack of a research program. Though involvement in the North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) requires scientific investigation on salmon research of each member nation, no conspicuous increase in research funding was achieved in Korea. Oceanic environments have been rapidly altered by climate change during the last a few decades and ocean ecosystems including salmon populations will be modified by global warming. Special attention is needed for stocks near the southern boundary of distribution, such as Korean chum salmon. This special issue is the venue for reviewing ongoing researches in Korea, and we hope that this issue will be a big step toward active ecological research in Korea under changing environments.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.27 no.5 s.64
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• pp.761-770
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• 1997

71 Class I malocclusion samples were selected and they were divided into premolar-extraction and non-extraction groups. Vertical and horizontal cephalometric evaluations on dental and soft tissue measurements were done before and after treatment. Also, treatment results in adolescent patients and adult patients were compared. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups, all the dental and soft tissue measurements, with exception of SN-MP angle, upper lip to E-line, vertical movement of upper first molar, md horizontal movement of lower first molar, showed statistically significant differences. 2. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adolescent samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips, and mesial movements of upper first molar. 3. In comparison of extraction and non-extraction groups of adult samples, there were statistically significant differences in upper and lower incisor inclinations, horizontal dental movements from vertical reference line, positional changes in upper and lower lips from I-line and vertical reference line, vertical height of upper first molar, and mesial movement of lower first molar. 4. There was no statistically significant difference in SN-MP angle between extraction and non-extraction groups of both adolescent and adult samples.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2021

Glucosylceramides (GluCer) are known to play an important role in both water retention and epidermal permeability barrier function in the mammalian stratum corneum. In this study, we investigated the effects of pineapple fruit extract containing glucosylceramides (PFEG) on the maintenance and recovery of skin barrier function using atopic dermatitis-induced animal models. Five-week-old male Hos:HR-1 mice were divided into four groups fed on standard diet, unsaturated fatty acids-deficient (HR-AD) diet, and HR-AD diet supplemented with 0.01% or 0.1% pineapple-GluCer. Skin barrier function was evaluated by transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dermal moisture content, moisture content of the stratum corneum and wrinkle formation. The control group (HR-AD administration group) showed increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL), while the epidermal moisture content and the moisture content of the stratum corneum slowly decreased. However, in the PFEG groups (with 0.1% or 0.01% glucosylceramide), the TEWL levels were significantly reduced at 2 weeks. The PFEG also helped maintain skin moisturizing function by significantly suppressing the decrease of the epidermal moisture content and the moisture content of the stratum corneum. These results show that the PFEG is effective for maintaining and improving the function of the skin barrier. Therefore, this study suggests that PFEG is a potential candidate material for skin functional foods.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1993

Leishmaniasis is one of the important tropical diseases in the world. Although it is not prevalent In Korea, imported cases have been recorded. The karyotype of Leishmcnic sp. has been observed to be variable by localities or by strains, but the karyotype of a strain is known to be stable. This study was performed to observe if the karyotype of a Leishmonio sp. would be changed under some stressful conditions. The karyotype, analyzed by pulsed Held gradient gel electrophoresis, was not grossly changed by heat shock, chemotherapeutics, UV illumination, and gamma irradiation. Radiation destroyed the chromosomes mechanically but subcultured organisms after irradiation showed unaffected karyotype. The present findings suggest that the karyotype of a Leishmnnia strain is so stable that it is not altered by temporary stimulation with heat, drugs, and radiation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.311-318
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• 2009

This study purposed to construct supply and demand potential map of forest bioenergy with a GIS-based decision support system. The target areas of this study were a part of the forests in Yongdong region, Gangwondo, and most types of forests were pinus densiflora, pinus koreaiansis, and Oak. Data about forest type, age classes, the number of households, regional silviculture planning was stored in GIS to define the potential areas for supplying potential bioenergy from the forests, and to assess biomass available for a household. Theoretical potential biomass energy based on silviculture plan was estimated in average 3,144 Tcal, and this quantity will be enough to supply the quantity of demand of households in that area. However, if it assumed that average collecting rates of Kangwon province were 10%, the available quantity of biomass will be between 6% and 15% of demand. If the collecting rates were 60%, the supply of biomass could exceed the quantity of demand in certain cities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.639-650
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• 2022

Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, a rare plant with distylous characteristics, is native to certain parts of the Korean Peninsula. It is registered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as a globally endangered plant. This study was conducted to establish an appropriate local conservation management plan suitable for future A. distichum populations by comparing and analyzing the flowering characteristics and population size according to distyly based on the results of quantitative surveys in 14 regions, including 8 areas with native populations of A. distichum and 6 natural monument populations. The number of individuals appearing in each population group was surveyed, and the flowering individuals were identified by style as being either pin or thrum flower types as they were being examined and recorded on the site. In total, 13,130 individuals of A. distichum (7,003 flowering and 6,127 non-flowering individuals) were recorded, but the balance of the number of pin- and thrum-flowered individuals in each population was not significant (p<0.05), indicating an imbalanced state. In particular, the Yeongdong (YD) population was very disproportionate compared to other populations, suggesting that its genetic diversity was low and the possibility of inbreeding was high. The average flowering and fruiting rates by management unit were much higher in the natural monument populations (89.2% and 55.3%, respectively) than in the natural habitat populations (39.0% and 8.5%, respectively). It may be due to a difference in reproductive growth resulting from light inflow into the forest caused by the upper crown closure. The area of occupation (AOO) of A. distichum on the Korean Peninsula covered an area of 23,224.5 m². Although the natural monument population was smaller than the natural habitat population, its density was higher, likely as a result of the periodic management of natural monument populations, where the installation of protective facilities in certain areas restricts population spread. Conservation of A. distichum populations requires removing the natural monument populations suspected of anthropogenic and genetic disturbances and expanding the conservation priority population by designating new protected areas. Although the habitats of natural monument populations are managed by the Cultural Heritage Administration and local governments, there are no agencies that are responsible for managing natural habitat populations. Therefore, institutional improvement in the overall management of A. distichum should be prioritized.