• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.294-299
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• 2008

The present study investigates the ventilation effects on smoke spreading with the rescue stations. Experiments for tunnel fires were carried out for n-heptane pool em at different fire locations, and the heat release rates (HRR) were obtained by addition, using the commercial code (FLUENT), the present article presents numerical results for smoke behavior in railway tunnels with rescue station, and it uses the MVHS (Modified Volumetric Heat Source) model for estimation of combustion products resulting from the fire source determined from the HRR measurement. As a result, it is found that smoke propagation is prevented successfully by the fire doors located inside the cross-passages and especially, the smoke behavior in the accident tunnel can be controlled through the ventilation system because of substantial change in smoke flow direction in the cross-passages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.81-87
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• 2009

In this study, we have investigated the combustibility of five shrubs growing in Youngdong area such as Lindera obtusiloba, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, and Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii using the ignition temperature tester, the cone calorimeter and the smoke density chamber in order to estimate the danger of a forest fire. The results showed that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the lowest ignition temperature, the fastest ignition time and the highest average release concentrations of CO and $CO_2$. Zanthoxylum piperitum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium showed the highest level in heat release and smoke release, respectively. Therefore, we have concluded that Lespedeza maximowiczii has the highest ignitibility, Zanthoxylum piperitum the most intensive fire spread and fire intensity, and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Lespedeza maximowiczii most difficult to escape from a forest fire.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.458-461
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• 2011

수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 저밀도 폴리에틸렌-에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트 복합체의 연소성을 시험하였다. 저밀도 폴리에틸렌-에틸렌 비닐 아세테이트에 수산화마그네슘을 40~80wt% 첨가하여 용융 혼합하고 성형 후 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소성을 시험하였다. 수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 시편은 첨가하지 않은 시험편에 비하여 그의 플래시오버 가능성이 감소하였다. 수산화마그네슘을 첨가한 시험편은 첨가하지 않은 시험편에 비해 낮은 총열방출량과 낮은 CO 발생량을 나타내었고, 수산화마그네슘 함량이 증가할수록 총연기발생량과 비소화면적이 감소하였다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.20 no.2 s.62
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The aim of the research is to estimate the effect of smoke and combustion gases on humane body indirectly through measuring the toxicity of those. For this purpose, the toxic index of smoke and combustion gases was investigated by smoke hazard test and analysis of smoke which were conducted by KS F 2271 and NES 713 method respectively. It i s proved by KS F 2271 method that PASCON trough is suitable to the testing standard of interior material and construction of building. In addition, it is identified by NES 713 method that combustion gases occurring in PASCON product were only carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and the smoke index of those was 0.944. This value means that the hazard effect of smoke gases on humane ! body can possibly happens when exposed to the smoke gases for more than 30 min. In aspect of the domestic situation that have not regulated the hazard estimation and the emissions of smoke when the flame retarding ability of the products have been requested, the toxic indexes of PASCON products are comparatively low.

• Electric Engineers Magazine
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• v.182 no.10
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• pp.31-38
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• 1997

최근 전선 및 케이블은 전력, 정보의 전달 경로로서 그 중요도를 더해가고 있으며 만일 이러한 케이블이 어떠한 원인으로 착화, 연소하는 경우 절연재, 피복재는 발열량이 많을 뿐 아니라 진한 연기와 유독 가스가 발생하고 피난, 유도, 소화할동 등이 곤란해지며 많은 인명이나 중요한 기기에 큰 손해를 초래하게 된다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.90-94
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• 2010

In this study it is intended to review the moving characteristics of smoke by performing visualization simulation for the calculation of the optimal smoke exhaust air volume in case a fire occurs in tunnels where transverse ventilation is applied, and to obtain basic data necessary for the design of smoke exhaust systems by deriving optimal smoke exhaust operational conditions under various conditions. As a result of this study, if it was assumed 0 critical velocity in the tunnel, the smoke exhaust air volume was limited within 250 meter in the road-tunnel disaster prevention indicator and the exhaust efficiency was from 55.1% to 95.8% in the result of this study. If the wind velocity is in the tunnel, the exhaust rate intends to increase rapidly and the exhaust efficiency is decreased. In addition, if the wind velocity is increased, the exhaust rate should be increased in compared with the generation rate of smoke in maximum 1.8 or 1.04 times. In this study, when the wind velocity is in the tunnel, the limited exhaust rate is $84m^3/s{\cdot}250m$. And if it was assumed 1.75 m/s critical velocity in the tunnel, the exhaust rate would be defined $393m^3/s{\cdot}250m$($Q_E$ = 80 + 5Ar).

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.300-301
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1218-1222
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• 2007

Under various tunnel fires, smoke average temperature and volume flow rate in a tunnel fire are calculated. To obtain realistic results, enthalpy of smoke which composites combustion gases and entrainment air is calculated from curvefit polynomials by temperature.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.21 no.2 s.66
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• pp.30-35
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• 2007

The flame retardancies by the addition of metal powder and flame retardant were evaluated to present as the fundamental data to decrease the fire hazard of polymers and life losses by suffocation and poisoning. For this study, the experiments of flame retardancy were conducted as follows : weight loss rate using thermogravimetric analysis, the measurement of the limiting oxygen index(LOI) and char yield. And smoke mass concentration and CO yield were measured. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene containing metal powder and flame retardant reduced weight loss rate and increased LOI and char yield with the decreased smoke mass concentration and CO yield. It was found that the most effective complex was tricresyl phosphate-Mo complex.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.300-304
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• 2008

The flame retardancy was evaluated to present as the fundamental data to decrease the fire hazard of polymers and life losses according to the addition of clay. The combustion characteristics were examined to increase flame retardancy and to decrease smoke yield of epoxy by the addition of clay such as montmorillonite in this study. For this study, the experiments of flame retardancy were conducted the measurement of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), char yield, and smoke density. As MMT concentration increased, LOI and char yield increased. This result showed that the flame retardancy of epoxy/MMT composite was improved. On the contrary, smoke density increased.